Line 1 of the
Beijing Subway
The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 25 lines including 20 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and 2 light rail lines, and 463 stations. The rail network extends acro ...
() is the oldest and one of the busiest lines of Beijing's
mass transit rail network. Line 1 runs underneath
Chang'an Avenue
250px, Chang'an Avenue hosts military parades. Here are 1999 National Day parade.">50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China">1999 National Day parade.
Chang'an Avenue (), literally "Eternal Peace Street", is a major thoroughfare in ...
, the city's grand east–west thoroughfare, right through the heart of Beijing with stops on either side of
Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square (; 天安门广场; Pinyin: ''Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng''; Wade–Giles: ''Tʻien1-an1-mên2 Kuang3-chʻang3'') is a city square in the city center of Beijing, China, named after the eponymous Tiananmen (" ...
. Line 1's color is
red
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...
.
Through operation with the
Batong line
The Batong Line of the Beijing Subway () is an east–west rapid transit line in eastern Beijing. It extends Line 1 further east from in Chaoyang District to in Tongzhou District. Through operation with Line 1 started on August 29, 2021.
...
started on August 29, 2021.
Ridership
As the oldest line of the Beijing Subway, Line 1 was also the most heavily used from the time the subway opened in 1971 until January 2013, when the near-completion of the
Line 10 loop caused ridership on that line to surge past Line 1. Recent traffic relief efforts have been completed in recent years. The opening of the first phase of the parallel
Line 6, caused an 8.46% decrease in daily demand and a 10-20% reduction in peak flow during rush hour.
In addition Beijing BRT line 2 parallels the eastern section of Line 1. In the meantime between 2014 and 2015, Line 1 again upgraded its signals to a
communications-based train control
Communications-based train control (CBTC) is a railway signaling system that uses telecommunications between the train and track equipment for traffic management and infrastructure control. CBTC allows a train's position to be known more accurat ...
system allowing trains to run at headways as low as 1 minutes 45 seconds. However, during peak hours, sections of the line were reported in 2013 to still operate above 100% capacity.
Hours of operation
The first east-bound trains departs from
Gucheng at 4:58am and
Pingguoyuan at 5:10am. The first west-bound train departs
Sihui
Sihui (), formerly romanized as Szewui, is a county-level city in the west of the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong province, China. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Zhaoqing. Sihui's population is 542,873 in 201 ...
at 4:56am and
Sihui East at 5:05am. The last east-bound train leaves Pingguoyuan at 10:55pm. The last west-bound train leaves Sihui East at 11:15pm.
Route
Line 1's western terminus is , located in
Shijingshan District
Shijingshan District () is an urban district of the municipality of Beijing. It lies to the west of the urban core of Beijing, and is part of the Western Hills area, bordering the districts of Haidian to the northeast and east, Fengtai to the so ...
. The line heads southeast to its second stop at Gucheng and from there runs straight east, following
Chang'an Avenue
250px, Chang'an Avenue hosts military parades. Here are 1999 National Day parade.">50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China">1999 National Day parade.
Chang'an Avenue (), literally "Eternal Peace Street", is a major thoroughfare in ...
all the way to its eastern terminus, in
Chaoyang District, just beyond the
4th Ring Road. The line passes through
Xidan
Xidan (Chinese: 西 单; Pinyin: Xīdān) is a major traditional commercial area in Beijing, China. It is located in the Xicheng District.
The Xidan commercial district incorporates the Xidan Culture Square, North Xidan Street, as well as many ...
,
Wangfujing
Wangfujing () is a shopping street in Beijing, China, located in Dongcheng District. The majority of the main area is pedestrianised. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty there have been commercial activities in the area. In the Qing Dynas ...
and
Dongdan, among other important commercial centers of
Xicheng and
Dongcheng Districts, as well as the
Beijing CBD
The Beijing central business district, or Beijing CBD (), is a central business district and the primary area for finance, media, and business services in Beijing, China.
Beijing CBD occupies 3.99 km2 of the Chaoyang District on the e ...
near the
China World Trade Center
The China World Trade Center () is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyang District, the Beijing central business district, central business district of Beijing.
The construction of the complex started in 1985 and was completed in 2010 ...
. The line is
in length with 23 stations in operation. All stations except for and are underground.
Stations
Station list for Line 1 and Batong line of Beijing Subway, after the through operation started on August 29, 2021.
History
![YUQUANLU Station 20181117](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/YUQUANLU_Station_20181117.jpg)
The first section of subway in Beijing officially started trial operation on January 15, 1971. It was long and ran between
Beijing railway station to , which today is a section of Line 1 and 2.
A few months later, on August 15, 1971 the line was extended 3 stations west, to . The line was extended again to in November. On April 23, 1973, the line was extended , at this point the line is long with 17 stations.
On September 15, 1981 the line was again extended westward to creating a long line with 19 stations. The line was transferred to the newly created Beijing Mass Transit Operation Corporation and was officially opened to the public, ending the decade long trial operation period. By 1981, the annual passenger volume of Beijing Subway was 64.66 million passengers, with a daily average of 177,000 passenger trips.
On August 15, 1986, the second phase of subway construction started and a feasibility study on the construction of the new line between of Fuxingmen to Bawangfen (Today's
Beijing CBD
The Beijing central business district, or Beijing CBD (), is a central business district and the primary area for finance, media, and business services in Beijing, China.
Beijing CBD occupies 3.99 km2 of the Chaoyang District on the e ...
) was carried out. A new branch heading east to a new station, , was completed between and stations on December 28, 1987. The section between and was transferred to the newly created
Line 2 and Line 1 ran between Pingguoyuan and Fuxingmen stations. In January 1991, the feasibility study report on the construction of a new line between Fuxingmen to Bawangfen was approved with construction of the new "Fuba line", starting in June 1992. On December 12, 1992, Line 1 was extended east for one station to . In 1994, Line 1's signals were upgraded to
automatic train protection system.
On September 28, 1999, the first section of the Fuba line between to was opened. On June 28, 2000, the section between and stations opened, merging Line 1 and the Fuba Line to create a line with 23 stations.
Headway Reduction
Since 2014, the signaling and power systems has been gradually upgraded to allow for trains to run more frequently. The upgraded CBTC moving block signaling system in place today reduces rush hour headways from every 2 minutes and 5 seconds to 1 minute 45 seconds.
Platform screen doors
![WUKESONG Station Platform 20181110](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/WUKESONG_Station_Platform_20181110.jpg)
Due to platform congestion and suicides, a proposal was made in 2010 to refit all stations on Line 1 with
platform screen doors
Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known as platform edge doors (PEDs), are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail syste ...
. However, the ventilation system in the older stations of Line 1 was incompatible with full-height
platform screen doors
Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known as platform edge doors (PEDs), are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail syste ...
, so half height platform screen doors were chosen instead. In July 2016, the operator began installing platform screen doors on Line 1. In 2016, the
platform screen doors
Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known as platform edge doors (PEDs), are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail syste ...
was installed at
Yong'anli station. By the end of 2017, all stations except were retrofitted with half-height platform screen doors, and all the screen doors were put into operation for the first time.
Through operations with the Batong line
![LCD route display on 01 0366 (20210527174608)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/LCD_route_display_on_01_0366_%2820210527174608%29.jpg)
In 2010, a CPPCC member Chen Dingwang, proposed that services on Line 1 and the
Batong line
The Batong Line of the Beijing Subway () is an east–west rapid transit line in eastern Beijing. It extends Line 1 further east from in Chaoyang District to in Tongzhou District. Through operation with Line 1 started on August 29, 2021.
...
should directly link, with
through operations, reducing travel times and removing the unnecessary forced transfers at or . However, the
Beijing Subway
The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 25 lines including 20 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and 2 light rail lines, and 463 stations. The rail network extends acro ...
responded that Line 1's and Batong's
signal
In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. Any quantity that can vary over space or time can be used as a signal to share messages between observers. The '' IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing' ...
systems are completely different, so through-operation will be more difficult to achieve, from an engineering standpoint. As of 2016, preliminary design and feasibility studies are underway to allow for through operations between Line 1 and Batong. On June 12, 2020, the project of the through operation of Line 1 and Batong line was approved by Beijing Development and Reform Commission.
Through operation with the
Batong line
The Batong Line of the Beijing Subway () is an east–west rapid transit line in eastern Beijing. It extends Line 1 further east from in Chaoyang District to in Tongzhou District. Through operation with Line 1 started on August 29, 2021.
...
started on 29 August 2021.
Other facilities
Rolling stock for Line 1 is maintained at and .
Restricted stations
Beyond , Line 1 extends further northwest where it has
several other stations: Gaojing () and
Fushouling (). Gaojing station is in the military region.
Fushouling station
Fushouling station () is a station under renovation on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway.
History
Before May 28, 2007, two Line 1 trains stopped by this station each day to allow students and workers of the metro technical school nearby to alight; ...
is actually outside the military region. These stations are not open for public use.
Fushouling station
Fushouling station () is a station under renovation on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway.
History
Before May 28, 2007, two Line 1 trains stopped by this station each day to allow students and workers of the metro technical school nearby to alight; ...
will open to public in 2023.
A proposal to resettle the military region in Shijingshan District and also open the Gaojing station to public is mentioned within 2022 working plan of the
Shijingshan District
Shijingshan District () is an urban district of the municipality of Beijing. It lies to the west of the urban core of Beijing, and is part of the Western Hills area, bordering the districts of Haidian to the northeast and east, Fengtai to the so ...
.
Future plans
Increasing capacity
![Tian'anmen_East_Station_End_Platform](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Tian%27anmen_East_Station_End_Platform.jpg)
Due to Line 1's severe overcapacity problem, there are plans to introduce seven-car or longer trains. In order for this plan to proceed the oldest section of Line 1 between and , which only has platforms long enough to accommodate six-car trains, will need to be lengthened. The newer section between and , built as Fuba Line, has platforms long enough for 8 car trains. Due to the high cost of extending the platforms of the underground stations the plan is currently put on hold. In the future a parallel express line called
Line 18 will run beside or under Line 1 stopping only at major stations.
Branch to Qionglong Lake
In 8 July 2022, an EIA document regarding Phase III construction of Beijing rail transport system (2022–2027) mentions a proposal about line 1 branch section of Beijing Subway, it's a southwest-to-northeast section starts from Qinglong Lake East to
Bajiao Youleyuan, it will be a 19.9 km long section with 9 stations.
Rolling Stock
Current
Former
See also
*
Restricted stations of Line 1, Beijing Subway
Notes
References
{{Beijing Subway Station, line1=1
Beijing Subway lines
Railway lines opened in 1971
1971 establishments in China
750 V DC railway electrification