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Linda Stein (born September 13, 1943) is an American
feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...
artist An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse refers to a practitioner in the visual arts only. However, th ...
whose work focuses on themes of protection and otherness. Stein's work is primarily abstract and figurative sculpture. Stein also has a history of nonfiction writing and art education. Stein is a
9/11 The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial ...
survivor, who was displaced from her
Tribeca Tribeca (), originally written as TriBeCa, is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan in New York City. Its name is a syllabic abbreviation of "Triangle Below Canal Street". The "triangle" (more accurately a quadrilateral) is bounded by Canal Stre ...
home and studio following the attacks. This event had a notable impact on her art, inspiring her to move from abstract to figurative work and to address themes of protection, bravery, and sanctuary. Stein is an active feminist who is on the Board of Directors for
Veteran Feminists of America Veteran Feminists of America (VFA) is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization for supporters and veterans of the second-wave feminist movement. Founded by Jacqueline Ceballos in 1992, Veteran Feminists of America regularly hosts reunions for secon ...
. Stein came to international attention when British comedian
Sacha Baron Cohen Sacha Noam Baron Cohen (born 13 October 1971) is an English actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for his creation and portrayal of the fictional satirical characters Ali G, Borat Sagdiyev, Brüno Gehard, and Admiral ...
fooled her into an interview with his character
Borat ''Borat! Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan'' (Kazakh language, Kazakh / Russian language, Russian: ''Борат'') (also stylized as ''BORДT'', or simply ''Borat'') is a 2006 mockumentary black come ...
telling her he was a journalist for
Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...
Television making a documentary about the United States, which was included in his 2006 film '' Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan''. In the interview, Stein responded seriously and angrily to Cohen's character's ludicrously sexist attitudes toward women. She finally stormed off the interview set and kicked him out of her studio.


Early life and education

Stein was born in the
Bronx The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New Y ...
to a working-class, Jewish family. She attended the
School of Visual Arts The School of Visual Arts New York City (SVA NYC) is a private for-profit art school in New York City. It was founded in 1947 and is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design. History This school was started by ...
and
Queens College Queens College (QC) is a public college in the Queens borough of New York City. It is part of the City University of New York system. Its 80-acre campus is primarily located in Flushing, Queens. It has a student body representing more than 170 ...
, where she earned a B.A.. While working as an art teacher she earned an M.A. at the
Pratt Institute Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York (state), New York. It has a satellite campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The school was ...
. She also attended the art students league and
Pratt Graphics Center The Pratt Graphic Art Center also called the Pratt Graphics Center was a print workshop and gallery in New York. The Center grew out of Margaret Lowengrund's Contemporaries Graphic Art Centre. In 1956 Fritz Eichenberg became the Center's director, ...
. Her career began with a
calligraphy Calligraphy (from el, link=y, καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a pen, ink brush, or other writing instrument. Contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "t ...
service that became the premier vendor in New York, used by
Tiffany's Tiffany & Co. (colloquially known as Tiffany's) is a high-end luxury jewelry and specialty retailer, headquartered on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan. It sells jewelry, sterling silver, porcelain, crystal, stationery, fragrances, water bottles, watc ...
and
Cartier Cartier may refer to: People * Cartier (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * Cartier Martin (born 1984), American basketball player Places * Cartier Island, an island north-west of Australia that is part of Australia' ...
. The business was one of the pioneers in the art
gentrification Gentrification is the process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more Wealth, affluent residents and businesses. It is a common and controversial topic in urban politics and urban planning, planning. Gentrification ...
of
TriBeCa Tribeca (), originally written as TriBeCa, is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan in New York City. Its name is a syllabic abbreviation of "Triangle Below Canal Street". The "triangle" (more accurately a quadrilateral) is bounded by Canal Stre ...
. ''Calligraphic Knight 548'' is a figurative form providing an example of her calligraphy work from various wedding invitations she had made for Tiffany's. Reference image right: ''Calligraphic Knight 548''


Artistic career

Stein's professional artistic career began in the 1960s, with her studies at Queens College (1961-1965). Stein works in series, including:


Sexism and Masculinities/Femininities: Exploring, Exploding, Expanding (Gender) Expression Series

In 2015, Stein's work began to focus on
Sexism Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primari ...
in society and the
art world The art world comprises everyone involved in producing, commissioning, presenting, preserving, promoting, chronicling, criticizing, buying and selling fine art. It is recognized that there are many art worlds, defined either by location or alt ...
. Her work discusses the representation and financial support given to men and the lack of support for women artists. This work references the #MeToo movement, and her non-profit is in the process of collecting stories from women sexually abused in the art world.Reference image right: ''Femininities Body Language 897 (2017)'' Reference image right: ''Femininities Body Language 897''


Displacement from Home - What to Leave, What to Take: Cabinets, Cupboards, Cases, and Closets Series

This series contains assemblage sculptures consisting of different furniture (cupboards, cases, etc.) with random house-hold items. Inspired by the displacement of people from war-torn countries, as well as her own experience on 9/11, Stein creates assemblages which bring to mind the interiors of homes abandoned by individuals forced to flee for safety. Reference image right: ''Cases 886,855,872,873,874''


Holocaust Heroes: Fierce Females Series

''Holocaust Heroes: Fierce Females'' is one of Stein's major traveling exhibitions which began going to museums and universities in 2015. This body of work contains ten tapestries inspired by historical accounts of women who actively intervened to save Jews from Nazi persecution. Heroes featured include
Anne Frank Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank (, ; 12 June 1929 – )Research by The Anne Frank House in 2015 revealed that Frank may have died in February 1945 rather than in March, as Dutch authorities had long assumed"New research sheds new light on Anne Fra ...
,
Noor Inayat Khan Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan, GC (1 January 1914 – 13 September 1944), also known as Nora Inayat-Khan and Nora Baker, was a British resistance agent in France in World War II who served in the Special Operations Executive (SOE). The purpose of S ...
,
Ruth Gruber Ruth Gruber (September 30, 1911 – November 17, 2016) was an American journalist, photographer, writer, humanitarian, and United States government official. Born in Brooklyn to Russian Jewish immigrants, she was encouraged to pursue her dream ...
,
Nancy Wake Nancy Grace Augusta Wake, (30 August 1912 – 7 August 2011), also known as Madame Fiocca and Nancy Fiocca, was a nurse and journalist who joined the French Resistance and later the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during World War II, and b ...
, Nadezhda Popova, Hannah Senesh, Hadassah Bimko Rosensaft,
Zivia Lubetkin Zivia Lubetkin ( pl, Cywia Lubetkin, , he, צביה לובטקין, nom de guerre: Celina; 9 November 1914 – 11 July 1978) was one of the leaders of the Jewish underground in Nazi-occupied Warsaw and the only woman on the High Command of the r ...
,
Vitka Kempner Vitka Kempner ( he, ויטקה קובנר; 14 March 1920, Kalisz – 2012) was a Polish Jewish partisan leader during World War II. She served in the United Partisan Organization (Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye) and, alongside Rozka Korcza ...
, and
Gertrud Luckner Gertrud Luckner (; born 26 September 1900 in Liverpool – died 31 August 1995 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a Christian social worker involved in the German resistance to Nazism. A member of the banned German Catholic Peace Movement, she organi ...
. First exhibited at the Flomenhaft Gallery in Chelsea in December 2014, the tapestries continue to tour the United States and international venues. This body of work also contains her ''Spoon to Shell'' series, which consists of 20 assemblage sculptures which contemplate the sacrifice and bravery of Holocaust victims who were sexually abused. The exhibition also includes wall-hanging “protector” sculptures. Reference image right: ''Ten Heroes 859''


The Fluidity of Gender Series

Stein made larger-than-life wall sculptures as well as free-standing torsos with “skins” of black leather and mixed media that were intentionally androgynous. This series has been touring museums and universities since 2010 under the title The Fluidity of Gender. Reference image right: ''Defender 696''


I Am the Environment Series

In 2012, Stein began a series titled I Am the Environment: My Gender, My Nature, including larger-than-life torsos and wall sculptures created from natural materials: beans, shells, branches, seeds, and stones. They suggest the embeddedness of the body in ecological systems and
Oceanic feeling In a 1927 letter to Sigmund Freud, Romain Rolland coined the phrase "oceanic feeling" to refer to "a sensation of 'eternity, a feeling of " being one with the external world as a whole", inspired by the example of Ramakrishna, among other mysti ...
. Reference image right: ''Shell Homes 723''


Body Swapping Armor: Wearable Sculpture Series

In 2009, Stein attached shoulder straps to her figurative sculpture, allowing the work to be worn like armor. She invited visitors to her studio to experience "body-swapping": donning the "sculptural avatars" and imagining what it would feel like to be in a differently gendered body. Reference image right: ''Knight at Ease 652''


Knights of Protection Series

Post 9/11, Stein was unable to return to her Tribeca studio or make sculpture for a year. When she returned to making art, her new sculptures were figurative and symbolized protection. Begun in 2002, The Knights of Protection series was her earliest shield-like forms made of mixed media and hung on the wall. Later ''Knights'' became more figurative and included images of
Wonder Woman Wonder Woman is a superhero created by the American psychologist and writer William Moulton Marston (pen name: Charles Moulton), and artist Harry G. Peter. Marston's wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, Elizabeth, and their life partner, Olive Byr ...
,
Princess Mononoke is a 1997 Japanese animated epic historical fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and animated by Studio Ghibli for Tokuma Shoten, Nippon Television Network and Dentsu. The film stars the voices of Yōji Matsuda, Yuriko Ishida ...
,
Lady Gaga Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( ; born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She is known for her image reinventions and musical versatility. Gaga began performing as a teenag ...
,
Lisbeth Salander Lisbeth Salander is a fictional character created by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson in his award-winning ''Millennium'' series. She first appeared in the 2005 novel ''The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo'', as an asocial computer hacker ...
,
Storm A storm is any disturbed state of the natural environment or the atmosphere An atmosphere () is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body. A planet retains an atmos ...
, and
Guanyin Guanyin () is a Bodhisattva associated with compassion. She is the East Asian representation of Avalokiteśvara ( sa, अवलोकितेश्वर) and has been adopted by other Eastern religions, including Chinese folk religion. She ...
. Reference image right: ''Knight of Tomorrow 582''


Blades & Ceremonial Scepters Series

In the 1990s, Stein began the
sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...
series, Blades. Stein fused
machetes Older machete from Latin America Gerber machete/saw combo Agustín Cruz Tinoco of San Agustín de las Juntas, Oaxaca">San_Agustín_de_las_Juntas.html" ;"title="Agustín Cruz Tinoco of San Agustín de las Juntas">Agustín Cruz Tinoco of San ...
to other materials. The Ceremonial Scepters were objects that looked like ancient weapons and spoke of relationships of power and violence. Stein composed origin stories that undid these associations and offered alternatives, such as defense and empowerment for the user. Reference image right: ''Slow Motion 192''


Profiles Series

In the 1970's Stein became passionate about creating an androgynous facial profile below the eye. During this time she was struggling with her own sexuality and womanhood, which led her to create various mediums within this series. Reference image right: ''Profile Palette 426''


Awards, Grants, and Residencies

*      2018 –
Women's eNews ''Women's eNews'' is a nonprofit online news service based in New York City. It was founded by the late Rita Jensen. Lori Sokol, PhD, now leads the organization, assuming the title of Executive Director since July, 2016. Women's eNews publishes inte ...
. Stein chosen as one of “21 Leaders for the 21st Century.” *       2017 –
New York City Art Teachers Association New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz Albums and EPs * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, ...
(NYCATA)/
United Federation of Teachers The United Federation of Teachers (UFT) is the labor union that represents most teachers in New York City public schools. , there were about 118,000 in-service teachers and 17,000 paraprofessional educators in the union, as well as about 54,000 ...
(UFT). Stein chosen as the 2017 Artist of the Year. *       2016 –
National Association of Women Artists The National Association of Women Artists, Inc. (NAWA) is a United States organization, founded in 1889 to gain recognition for professional women fine artists in an era when that field was strongly male-oriented. It sponsors exhibitions, awards ...
(NAWA). Stein chosen as the 2016 Artist Honoree for Commitment to Arts and Culture; Artist-In-Residence: Squire Foundation, Santa Barbara, California *       2015 – Financial Grant: Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture (MFJC) *       2007 – Artist-In-Residence: Hunter College, Manhattan, New York (2007-2008) *       2005 – Financial Grant: Lower Manhattan Cultural Council (LMCC) and the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs (DCA) *       1999 – Guild Hall Museum Award *       1989 – Resident Fellowship, Virginia Center for the Creative Arts *       1988 – Resident Fellowship, Djerassi Foundation, California *       1987 – Resident Fellowship, Virginia Center for the Creative Arts *       1975 – Financial Grant: America the Beautiful Fund of New York *       1972-79 – Yearly Artist-in-Residence Grants: Suffolk BOCES Art & Humanities Program, Deer Park School District, New York


Have Art: Will Travel! Inc.

Stein founded Have Art: Will Travel! (HAWT), a non-profit arts organization that promotes positive gender roles towards social justice in 1972. The organization manages the traveling exhibition of ''The Fluidity of Gender: Sculpture by Linda Stein'' (FoG), ''Holocaust Heroes: Fierce Females-Tapestries and Sculpture by Linda Stein'' (H2F2), and ''Displacement From Home: What To Leave, What To Take – Cabinets, Cupboards, Cases and Closets by Linda Stein''. Programming includes lectures, performances, panel discussions, and educational exercises. HAWT's Curriculum Team has created participatory, social justice art education encounters, which use the traveling exhibitions to start to conversations about visualizing justice.


Further reading

* * * *


References


External links


Linda Stein official websiteHave Art: Will Travel! websiteLinda Stein: An Artist of ContradictionsSocial Justice Art Education with Linda Stein's Art
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stein, Linda 1940s births Living people American calligraphers American feminists Feminist artists 20th-century American painters People from Tribeca Artists from the Bronx Women calligraphers Sculptors from New York (state) 21st-century American painters