is a plant in the
lily family native to Japan.
Etymology
Its Japanese name is , literally "see-through lily" or perhaps "
openwork
Openwork or open-work is a term in art history, architecture and related fields for any technique that produces decoration by creating holes, piercings, or gaps that go right through a solid material such as metal, wood, stone, pottery, cloth, l ...
lily", originates from the gaps between its
tepals
A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very ...
.
[Sukashi-yuri すかし‐ゆり【透かし百合】]
, '' Kojien'', 4th ed., 1991. "下半各花被片の間に空隙があるところから命名。"
The plant is also called or referring to its rocky habitat, or from growing on the seashore.
In the Japanese horticultural trade, cultivated types are referred to as while the wild-growing ones are called .
[ Furthermore, plants growing along the Pacific Ocean are called , distinguished from that grow on the coasts of the ]Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, i ...
.[
]
Range
''Lilium maculatum'' is native to the central and northern regions of Japan, widely cultivated as an ornamental.[Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]
/ref>
The perennial plan grows on sandy seashores, rocky areas, or cliff-tops.[
]
General description
It is a stem rooting lily,[ its bulbs are ovate and white, lacking bitterness. Parts of the scales on the bulb may be jointed.][ The stalk grows from tall,][ and bears a number of orange, red, or yellow flowers with darker spots.][ Sometimes the yellow lilies exhibit spotlessness][
In Japan, plants growing on the Pacific coast () bloom from the latter half of June until early August, much later than the
lilies on the coasts of the Sea of Japan () that bloom from the latter half of May to early June.][
This species used to be considered one of the more important in food consumption as lily bulb or around the turn of the 20th century.]
p. 75
p. 132
Varieties
;Recognized cultivars[
*''Lilium maculatum'' var. ''bukosanense'' (Honda) H.Hara
*''Lilium maculatum'' var. ''maculatum''
The variety ''bukosanense'' (Japanese: ) was originally discovered on Mount Bukō in Saitama Prefecture near Tokyo, with scattered populations later found in ]Ibaraki Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Ibaraki Prefecture has a population of 2,871,199 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of . Ibaraki Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Tochigi Prefecture ...
.[ The variety is unusual, as it is a "hanging" or "weeping" type with a pendulous stem,][ but is listed as critically endangered by Saitama's ]Red Data Book
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biolog ...
.[ The mountain has been heavily quarried for ]limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
by the cement industry, which now collaborates in the plant's conservation efforts in captivity; foraging by wildlife such as the Japanese macaque
The Japanese macaque (''Macaca fuscata''), also known as the snow monkey, is a terrestrial Old World monkey species that is native to Japan. Colloquially, they are referred to as "snow monkeys" because some live in areas where snow covers the gr ...
is also thought to jeopardizes its survival.[
Japanese literature c. 1900 writes of several yellow varieties grown which had no spots,][ but a warning was written against their export, while only spotted or lightly spotted varieties of these yellow lilies were being shipped to the West. Years later, the spotless yellow lilies were still considered few and elusive.][
;Formerly included][
*''Lilium maculatum'' subsp. ''dauricum'' (Ker Gawl.) H.Hara, now considered a synonym of '' Lilium pensylvanicum'' Ker Gawl.
*''Lilium maculatum'' var. ''monticola'' H.Hara, now considered a synonym of ''Lilium maculatum'' var. ''maculatum''
]
Explanatory notes
References
;Citations
;Bibliography
*
* "yuri ユリ", in , digested from ''Shin shikunshi'' (1901) .
** Seika-en Sanjin 精花園山人 "Hana-yuri 花百合", in
{{Taxonbar, from=Q143662
maculatum
Flora of Japan
Plants described in 1794