Ligier (() is a French
automobile
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with Wheel, wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, pe ...
and minibus maker created by former racing driver and
rugby
Rugby may refer to:
Sport
* Rugby football in many forms:
** Rugby league: 13 players per side
*** Masters Rugby League
*** Mod league
*** Rugby league nines
*** Rugby league sevens
*** Touch (sport)
*** Wheelchair rugby league
** Rugby union: 1 ...
player
Guy Ligier
Guy Camille Ligier (12 July 1930 – 23 August 2015) was a French racing driver and team owner. He maintained many varied and successful careers over the course of his life, including rugby player, butcher, racing driver and Formula One team owner ...
(1930–2015), specialized in the manufacturing of
microcars.
Ligier is best known for its involvement in the
Formula 1 World Championship between
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...
and
1996
File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A Centennial Olympic Park bombing, bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical Anti-abortion violence, anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 8 ...
.
In collaboration with
Automobiles Martini
Automobiles Martini is a constructor of Formula racing cars from France, founded by Renato "Tico" Martini in 1965, when Martini and partner Bill Knight founded the Winfield Racing School at the Magny-Cours circuit, in France. Martini's first car ...
, the Ligier-Martini entity offered
sports prototypes used in
endurance or
hillclimbing (
CN). After the announcement of the creation of the new category
LMP3
A Le Mans Prototype (LMP) is the type of sports prototype race car used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, FIA World Endurance Championship, IMSA SportsCar Championship, European Le Mans Series and Asian Le Mans Series. Le Mans Prototypes were create ...
by the ACO, Ligier and Martini associated with
Onroak Automotive (the manufacturer department of
OAK Racing
OAK Racing is an endurance racing team specialising in sports prototypes based in Le Mans, France. In 2013 it won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in LMP2 class and the 2013 FIA WEC World Champion drivers and teams on LMP2 class.
In 2012 the team cont ...
) to offer a full range of prototypes (
CN,
LMP3
A Le Mans Prototype (LMP) is the type of sports prototype race car used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, FIA World Endurance Championship, IMSA SportsCar Championship, European Le Mans Series and Asian Le Mans Series. Le Mans Prototypes were create ...
,
LMP1 and
LMP2).
History
The firm entered the automobile business with the
Ligier JS2, a mid-engined
sports car
A sports car is a car designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1900s and are currently produced by ...
for the road initially powered by a Ford V6 and from 1971 by the same Maserati V6 engine as the
Citroën SM. The JS2 was considered by many as a well-designed car with a very good
power-to-weight ratio
Power-to-weight ratio (PWR, also called specific power, or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another. Power-to-weight ratio is a measuremen ...
. The Ligier motorcars were all designated with the prefix "JS" in honour of Ligier's great friend and cohort
Jo Schlesser
Joseph Schlesser (18 May 1928 – 7 July 1968) was a French Formula One and sports car racing driver. He participated in three World Championship Grands Prix, including the 1968 French Grand Prix in which he was killed. He scored no championship ...
who was killed in the
1968 French Grand Prix
The 1968 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Rouen-Les-Essarts Circuit on 7 July 1968. It was race 6 of 12 in both the 1968 World Championship of Drivers and the 1968 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 60 ...
while driving for
Honda
is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a product ...
. The final SMs were also produced in the Ligier factory in
Vichy
Vichy (, ; ; oc, Vichèi, link=no, ) is a city in the Allier Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France, in the historic province of Bourbonnais.
It is a Spa town, spa and resort town and in World ...
.
The
1973 energy crisis
The 1973 oil crisis or first oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), led by Saudi Arabia, proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo was targeted at nations that had supp ...
caused such a decline in the market for the JS2 that production ceased soon after, and the firm changed its focus to
microcars, beginning with the 1980
moped
A moped ( ) is a type of small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than full motorcycles or automobiles. The term used to mean a similar vehicle except with both bicycle pedals and a motorcycle engine. Mopeds typic ...
-powered
Ligier JS4
The Ligier JS4 is a four-wheeled, two-seater microcar manufactured from 1980 to 1983 by Ligier, the street vehicle branch of French Formula One manufacturer Équipe Ligier. It marked a change in Ligier's priorities as they had recently ended manu ...
.
One of the world's first experimental prototypes of
automatic parallel parking was developed on a Ligier
electric car
An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quie ...
at
INRIA in the mid-1990s.
[
]
In September 2008, Ligier Automobiles completed its acquisition of Beneteau Group's
Microcar division, with financing provided by 21 Investimenti Partners. Phillipe Ligier, son of the company's founder, remains as CEO. The Ligier and Microcar brands are to retain their separate identities and manufacturing facilities. The merger creates Europe's second largest microcar manufacturer (after Daimler's
Smart unit, if one considers that a microcar), and largest manufacturer of drivers license-exempt vehicles.
In August 2018, Ligier teased a new road-going sports car to celebrate their 50th anniversary. The car will be built in collaboration with Onroak. It will feature a 3.7 liter V6 producing approximately 330 hp, and a 6-speed manual transmission. It will be homologated to FIA E II-SH regulation. More details are to be released in September 2018, and it is expected to go on sale in November 2018 at a price of €89,000.
Models
![Ligier JS2 v red](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Ligier_JS2_v_red.jpg)
The Ligier model line currently consists of the JS50 line of mini cars, the X-Pro line of small commercial vehicles, and the Be Up/Be Two line of open-air, roadster-type vehicles. The company also produces a line of quad bikes and off-road utility vehicles sold as the Be Pro, Be Four, and Be Truck.
The JS50, Ixo, Xtoo, Nova or Ambra are about two and a half meters long and have two seats. They are front-engined. Power units include two 2-cylinder four-stroke diesels of about half a liter displacement and feature a CVT for power transfer.
EZ10
![Self-driving minibus (35913477505)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Self-driving_minibus_%2835913477505%29.jpg)
The Ligier vehicle that's gained the most attention, is ''
EZ10'' ''EasyMile'', a self-driving shuttle bus for light city transit. EasyMile SAS develops and markets the autonomous vehicles, and is a joint venture formed in June 2014 by Ligier and Robosoft Technology PTE Ltd (France).
The joint venture is the result of the CityMobil2 project co-funded by the European Union's
Seventh Framework Programme for research and technological development (FP7).
One EZ10 minibus can take between 8–10 passengers,
and its speed is up to . In 2017, EZ-10 was introduced on the grounds of National Taiwan University in Taipei, and in
Tallinn
Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju ' ...
,
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
.
In conjunction with Estonia's presidency of the EU Council, the minibus was presented in Tallinn on 14 July 2017 by EasyMile, and the tech companies in Estonia that co-financed the month-and-a-half-long project to bring the shuttle bus to the country. The buses will serve one line, including a stretch of tram line under reconstruction, and will run in Tallinn until the end of August.
Ligier in motorsport
Ligier is best known for its
Formula One
Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The World Drivers' Championship, ...
team,
Équipe Ligier
Équipe Ligier () is a motorsport team, best known for its Formula One team that operated from to . The team was founded in 1968 by former French rugby union player Guy Ligier as a sports car manufacturer.
Sports car origins
After retiring fr ...
, that operated from to . Ligier entered Formula One in with a
Matra
Matra (an acronym for Mécanique Aviation Traction) was a French industrial conglomerate. During its years of operation, it was engaged in a wide range of business activities, primarily focused around automobiles, bicycles, aeronautics and we ...
V12 V12 or V-12 may refer to:
Aircraft
* Mil V-12, a Soviet heavy lift helicopter
* Pilatus OV-12, a planned American military utility aircraft
* Rockwell XFV-12, an American experimental aircraft project
* Å koda-Kauba V12, a Czechoslovak experim ...
-powered car, winning its first Grand Prix with
Jacques Laffite
Jacques-Henri Laffite (; born 21 November 1943) is a French former racing driver who competed in Formula One from to . He achieved six Grand Prix wins, all while driving for the Ligier team. From 1997 to 2013, Laffite was a presenter for TF1.
...
in .
Ligier also competed in the
24 Hours of Le Mans
The 24 Hours of Le Mans (french: link=no, 24 Heures du Mans) is an endurance-focused Sports car racing, sports car race held annually near the town of Le Mans, France. It is the world's oldest active Endurance racing (motorsport), endurance r ...
from to .
Gallery
Image:Ligier_JS2_vl_red.jpg, Ligier JS2
Image:1975LigierJS2FordCosworthDFV.jpg, Ligier JS2
File:Jeremie Dufour British F3 1995 Silverstone.jpg, Ligier Junior Team (Jérémie Dufour
Jérémie ( ht, Jeremi) is a commune and capital city of the Grand'Anse department in Haiti. It had a population of about 31,000 at the 2003 census. It is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. The Grande-Anse River flows near the ...
, British Formula Three Championship British Formula Three Championship may refer to:
*British Formula 3 International Series, a class of auto racing for Formula 3 open wheeled single seater racing cars, which took place from 1951 to 2014
*BRDC British Formula 3 Championship
Th ...
, 1995)
File:Ligier X-Too Microcar.jpg, Ligier X-Too Microcar
Image:Ligier_ambra_CLS_rear_view.jpg, Ligier Ambra CLS
File:Ligier Dué First - April 2015.jpg, Ligier Dué First (2015)
File:Ligier.png, Experimental prototype on Ligier car capable of automatic parking[
File:Michael Shank Racing - Ligier JS P2-Honda -49 (27802320135).jpg, Ligier JS P2
File:Ligier JSP217 - Gibson - Team United Motorsport - 24 Hours of Le Mans 2018.jpg, Ligier JS P217
]
External links
Official website
References
{{Automotive industry in France
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1968
Bus manufacturers of France
Car manufacturers of France
Piaggio Group
Minibuses
Microcars
Quadricycles
1968 establishments in France
French brands
Sports car manufacturers
French racecar constructors
Nissan in motorsport
24 Hours of Le Mans teams