Lev Veniaminovych Lyulyev (March 17 (OS: March 4), 1908 in

Kiev Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Ky ...

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...

— November 1, 1985 in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

) was a

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

designer of

artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieg ...

anti-aircraft Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...

rockets, and SA missile systems. He was the chief designer of the OKB-8 (later

NPO Novator NPO Novator (Novator Design Bureau, OKB Novator, OKB Lyulyev; russian: Опытное конструкторское бюро «Новатор» им. Люльева Л. В.) is a Russian company that designs long-range anti-aircraft missiles. It ...

which currently bears his name) between 1946 and 1985 and the

Doctor of Technical Sciences Doctor of Sciences ( rus, доктор наук, p=ˈdoktər nɐˈuk, abbreviated д-р наук or д. н.; uk, доктор наук; bg, доктор на науките; be, доктар навук) is a higher doctoral degree in the Russi ...

(

AS USSR The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...

, 1966). He was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour twice in 1966 and in 1985 and was the Laureate of the 1967

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

and 1948 and 1977

State State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * '' Our ...

Prizes. Lyulyev was educated at the

Kiev Polytechnic Institute National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" (NTUU KPI) is a public technological university located in Kyiv, Ukraine. Name *1898–1918 Kiev Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Alexander II *1918–1934 Ky ...

(KPI) from 1927 to 1933. In 1941, he was evacuated to Sverdlovsk with the factory and appointed Vice Chief designer of the 8th Factory (known as

JSC JSC may refer to: * Jane Street Capital, a global proprietary trading firm * Johnson State College, one of the Vermont State Colleges, and located at Johnson, Vermont, United States * Jeffree Star Cosmetics, an American cosmetics franchise * Joi ...

MZiK since 1994). In the years of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

the factory produced about 20 thousand artillery guns and their mountings and participated in the modernisation process of the 85 mm KS-1 gun, also organising the production of 85 mm D-5 guns and 100 mm D-10 guns for the SAUs (self-propelled artillery vehicles)

SU-85 The SU-85 ('' Samokhodnaya ustanovka'' 85) was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II, based on the chassis of the T-34 medium tank. Earlier Soviet self-propelled guns were meant to serve as either assault guns, such as the SU-122, ...

and

SU-100 The SU-100 ('' Samokhodnaya Ustanovka'' 100) was a Soviet tank destroyer armed with the D-10S 100 mm anti-tank gun in a casemate superstructure. It was used extensively during the last year of World War II and saw service for many years ...

. On June 25, 1945, Lyulyev was promoted to Chief designer of the Factory №8. 1945-1947 he developed the 85 mm zenith gun KS-18 and the experimental 100 mm zenith gun KS-19 in 1947, which became the prototype of the next generation zenith guns before the SA

guided missile In military terminology, a missile is a guided airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight usually by a jet engine or rocket motor. Missiles are thus also called guided missiles or guided rockets (when a previously unguided rocket ...

s came. He also started the development of 130 mm zenith gun KS-30. In 1947, he was also appointed a Chief designer of Sverdlovsk Machine-Building Plant №8, where he formed the Chief designer division (OGK) - later OKB-8 of the

Ministry of Aviation Industry , native_name_a = russian: МАП СССР , native_name_r = , type = Ministry , seal = Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1956–1991).svg , seal_size = 140 px , seal_caption ...

(

translit. Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus '' trans-'' + '' liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyrillic → , Greek → the digraph , Armenian → or ...

Ministerstvo Aviatsionnoy Promishlennosti, MAP) for the purpose of development of large caliber anti-aircraft artillery systems. In 1957, Lyulyec developed the most powerful KN-52 zenith gun. In 1958, OKB-8 decided to move to the development of anti-aircraft missile systems. Under his leadership those SA missiles were developed: * 3M8 (developed since 1958, in service since 1965), 3M8M, 3M8M1 (in service since 1967), 3M8M2 (in service since 1971) * 9M38, 9M38M1, 9M38M2 for the

Buk missile system The Buk (russian: link=no, "Бук"; "beech" (tree), ) is a family of self-propelled, medium-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the Soviet Union and its successor state, the Russian Federation, and designed to counter cruise mis ...

* 9M82 (in service since 1988) and 9M83 (in service since 1983) for the

S-300V The S-300 ( NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long range surface-to-air missile systems developed and operated by the former Soviet Union, now fielded by the militaries of Russia and Ukraine as well as several other former East ...

* 9M82M and 9M83M for the

Antey 2500 The S-300VM "Antey-2500" ( Russian: С-300ВМ Антеӣ-2500, NATO reporting name SA-23 Gladiator\Giant) is a Russian anti-ballistic missile system. The system is designed to target short- and medium-range ballistic missiles, aeroballistic ...

SAM system * Ural SA missile * M-31 ( KS-42, experimental, 1961) * KS-168 *

KS-172 The Novator KS-172 was a Russian air-to-air missile project designed as an " AWACS killer" at ranges up to 400 km. The missile had various names during its history, including K-100, Izdeliye 172 ('project 172'), AAM-L (RVV-L), KS–172, KS- ...

3M54 The Novator Kalibr, (Калибр, caliber), also referred to as 3M54-1 Kalibr, 3M14 Biryuza (Бирюза, turquoise), (NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler and SS-N-30A) is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by NPO Novator (OKB-8). It ...

Biryuza * V-755 * countermissile 5Ya26 (experimental, 1963) for the S-225 * countermissile 53T6 (PRS-1) for the A-135 (in service since 1995) * countermissile 53T6M (PRS-1M, experimental, 1990th) * countermissile 51T6 (experimental, 1980th) * naval antisubmarine missile complex Vyuga (since 1960), complex RPK-2, naval missile

81R The RPK-2 Vyuga (, '' blizzard''; NATO reporting name: SS-N-15 Starfish), also designated as 81R, is a Soviet submarine-launched, nuclear-armed anti-submarine missile system, launched exclusively through torpedo tubes. The system was designed ...

(in service since 1969), export variant called Vysota * target missile Virazh and Virazh-M on the basis of 3M8 и 3M8M * countermissile PRS-1M * countermissile 45T6 * naval antisubmarine missile complex RPK-6 Vodopad (in service since 1981) * naval antisubmarine missile complex RPK-7 100RU (in service since 1984), export variant called ''Veter'' * naval missile '' Alpha'' (experimental) * naval missile

RK-55 The Novator RK-55 ''Relief'' (russian: РК-55 Рельеф 'Relief'; NATO: SSC-X-4 'Slingshot'; GRAU: 3K12) is a Russian land-based and submarine-launched cruise missile with a nuclear warhead developed in the Soviet Union. It was about to en ...

* antisubmarine missile UR-91R * submarine missile 3M14 * target missile ''Mirazh''

Awards

* May 12, 1941 —

Order of the Red Banner The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...

for the distinguished services in the field of the design of the new weapons for the

Soviet Army uk, Радянська армія , image = File:Communist star with golden border and red rims.svg , alt = , caption = Emblem of the Soviet Army , start_date ...

(RKKA) and the

Navy A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It include ...

* June 5, 1942 —

Order of the Red Star The Order of the Red Star (russian: Орден Красной Звезды, Orden Krasnoy Zvezdy) was a military decoration of the Soviet Union. It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 193 ...

for the design and development of the new weapon models * August 9, 1944 — Order "Badge of Honour" for the masterly implementation of the development and production of the new weapon types * July 9, 1945 —

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...

for the successful implementation of the

State Defence Committee The State Defense Committee (russian: Государственный комитет обороны - ГКО, translit=Gosudarstvennyĭ komitet oborony - GKO) was an extraordinary organ of state power in the USSR during the German-Soviet War (Grea ...

(''GKO'') orders for the production of artillery weapons for the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian language, Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist R ...

* 1948 - USSR Stalin (State) Prize * June 1966 - Hero of Socialist Labour for the distinguished services in the Five Years Plan of 1960–1965 and the design of the new weapon types * 1967 - Laureate of the Lenin Prize * 1977 -

USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...

for the design of the new weapon types * March 1978 —

for the distinguished services and personal contribution to the field of the design of the new weapons and equipment type and in case of the 70 years anniversary * March 1985 - Hero of Socialist Labour

External links

World-known scientists founders of scientific - pedagogical schools
at National Technical University of Ukraine "Kiev Polytechnic Institute" website *https://web.archive.org/web/20071013072107/http://testpilot.ru/russia/novator/novator.htm {{DEFAULTSORT:Lyulyev, Lev Veniaminovych Soviet engineers Soviet inventors Heroes of Socialist Labour 1908 births 1985 deaths