Evilard/Leubringen is a bilingual
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the
Biel/Bienne administrative district of the
canton of
Bern
german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese
, neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen
, website ...
,
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. The French name of the municipality is Evilard and the German name is Leubringen.
The municipality contains two separate settlements, called in French Evilard and Macolin, in German Leubringen and Magglingen, and a rural area called in French the Pré de Macolin.
History
The first appearance of the municipality in written documents was in 1300, under the name of ''Lomeringen''.
[ French speakers are recorded later as using the names ''Evillard'' or ''es Villard'' ("in the town"). A number of monasteries and the ]Bishopric of Basel
The Prince-Bishopric of Basel (german: Hochstift Basel, Fürstbistum Basel, Bistum Basel) was an ecclesiastical principality within the Holy Roman Empire, ruled from 1032 by prince-bishops with their seat at Basel, and from 1528 until 1792 at Po ...
held land in this area during the Middle Ages. However, judicially and militarily the town was subordinate to the city of Biel. From 1798 to 1815, Evilard belonged to France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
and was part of the Canton de Bienne in the ''département
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (french: département, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level ("territorial collectivity, territorial collectivities"), between the regions of France, admin ...
'' of Mont-Terrible, which was joined with Haut-Rhin in 1800. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the town was returned to Switzerland and placed in the Canton of Bern. At first, Evilard was attached to the Nidau (district), Oberamt Nidau; in 1832 it was placed in the Biel/Bienne district. At times, there has been debate over merging the administration with the city of Biel/Bienne; this was however rejected by the residents in 1902. Evilard is not an ecclesiastical parish. Until 1821 it was part of the church parish of Orvin, and since is combined with Biel/Bienne.[
]
Geography
Evilard lies above sea level, and north of the district capital city, Biel/Bienne, as the crow flies. The town spans a southeast-facing clearing of the front of the Jura mountains, about over the city of Biel. In clear weather, the view from Evilard of the Swiss plateau and the Alps from Mont Blanc to the region of Glärnisch and Alpstein is quite impressive.
The municipality reaches to the height of the anticline of ''Montagen de Macolin''. It includes the town of Evilard, which is surrounded by ''Malvaux'' (German: ''Malewagwald'', up to altitude). To the southwest, the municipality reaches in a narrow strip over the Magglingen to the peak of the Magglingerberg, up to the municipal high point of .
It consists of the villages of Evilard and Macolin and the Pré de Macolin area. Macolin (German: ''Magglingen''), lies at on the southeast slope of Magglingerberg. The neighboring municipalities are Biel/Bienne, Orvin, Lamboing, and Twann-Tüscherz.
Evilard has an area of . Of this area, or 29.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 39.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 29.1% is settled (buildings or roads).[Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics]
2009 data accessed 25 March 2010
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 19.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.1% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.8%. Out of the forested land, 38.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.5% is used for growing crops and 23.1% is pastures.[
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Biel, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Biel/Bienne.]
accessed 4 April 2011
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is ''Or a Bull's Head caboshed Sable.''
Demographics
Evilard has a population () of . , 10.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[Statistical office of the Canton of Bern]
accessed 4 January 2012 Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 1.3%. Migration accounted for 2.4%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.2%.
accessed 14-August-2012[
, the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was made up of 1,028 Swiss men (43.4% of the population) and 126 (5.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,090 Swiss women (46.0%) and 12 (0.5%) non-Swiss women.][
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 23.7%.][
, there were 852 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,251 married individuals, 161 widows or widowers and 112 individuals who are divorced.][STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000]
accessed 2 February 2011
, there were 294 households that consist of only one person and 68 households with five or more people. , a total of 967 apartments (90.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 70 apartments (6.5%) were seasonally occupied and 34 apartments (3.2%) were empty.[Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen]
accessed 28 January 2011 , the construction rate of new housing units was 11.8 new units per 1000 residents.[ The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.5%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:]
Politics
In the 2011 Swiss federal election, 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland, SPS which received 21.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Swiss People's Party, SVP (18.7%), the FDP.The Liberals, FDP (16.8%) and the Swiss Party of Labour, BDP Party (11.9%). In the federal election, a total of 845 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 47.7%.[Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election]
accessed 8 May 2012
Economy
Evilard was dominated by agriculture until the beginning of the 20th century. Since about 1950, the town has built a large number of single-family homes for commuters working in Biel/Bienne. Macolin has developed into a resort location starting in about 1875, thanks to its sunny high altitude. Today the town has many tourist facilities, and includes the Swiss Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO), the Swiss federal government’s centre for expertise in sports.
, Evilard had an unemployment rate of 1.74%. , there were a total of 276 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 29 people employed in the Primary sector of the economy, primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 23 people were employed in the Secondary sector of the economy, secondary sector and there were 9 businesses in this sector. 224 people were employed in the Tertiary sector of the economy, tertiary sector, with 43 businesses in this sector.[
there were a total of 197 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 22 of which 7 or (31.8%) were in manufacturing and 10 (45.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 155. In the tertiary sector; 25 or 16.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 20 or 12.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 13 or 8.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 17 or 11.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 27 or 17.4% were in education and 35 or 22.6% were in health care.
, there were 339 workers who commuted into the municipality and 891 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.][Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb]
accessed 24 June 2010 Of the working population, 24% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.9% used a private car.[
]
Religion
From the , 532 or 22.4% were Roman Catholic, while 1,219 or 51.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 15 Orthodox Christianity, members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.63% of the population), there were 5 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, Christian Catholic Church, and there were 166 individuals (or about 6.99% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 4 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who were Judaism, Jewish, and 26 (or about 1.09% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 5 individuals who were Buddhism, Buddhist, 4 individuals who were Hinduism, Hindu and 3 individuals who belonged to another church. 388 (or about 16.33% of the population) belonged to no church, are Agnosticism, agnostic or Atheism, atheist, and 90 individuals (or about 3.79% of the population) did not answer the question.[
]
Education
In Evilard about 942 or (39.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory Education in Switzerland#Secondary, upper secondary education, and 586 or (24.7%) have completed additional higher education (either List of universities in Switzerland, university or a ''Fachhochschule''). Of the 586 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.1% were Swiss men, 24.6% were Swiss women, 7.5% were non-Swiss men and 4.8% were non-Swiss women.[
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.][Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document]
accessed 4 January 2012
, there were 11 students in Evilard who came from another municipality, while 206 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[
]
Transport
Transport within the municipality is well-developed. It is linked with Biel/Bienne and Orvin by road. In 1898 the Bienne–Evilard Funicular between Biel/Bienne and Evilard was opened. Magglingen is also connected to Biel/Bienne by the Biel–Magglingen Funicular.
Personalities
* Willy Burkhard (1900–1955), composer
* Henri Dubuis (1906–2003), architect
* Valérie Favre (born 1959), artist
References
External links
*
*
Eidgenössische Hochschule für Sport Magglingen
{{Authority control
Municipalities of the canton of Bern