''Les Soleils des indépendances'' (''The Suns of Independence'') is the

first novel A debut novel is the first novel a novelist publishes. Debut novels are often the author's first opportunity to make an impact on the publishing industry, and thus the success or failure of a debut novel can affect the ability of the author to pu ...

by Ivorian author

Ahmadou Kourouma Ahmadou Kourouma (24 November 1927 – 11 December 2003) was an Ivorian novelist. Life The eldest son of a distinguished Malinké family, Ahmadou Kourouma was born in 1927 in Boundiali, Côte d'Ivoire. Raised by his uncle, he initially pursue ...

. It won the

Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire The Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire (one of the major literary prizes of Black Africa for Francophone Literature) is a literary prize presented every year by the ADELF, the Association of French Language Writers for a French original text ...

in 1969. The title is a play on words involving the meaning of the

Maninka Maninka (also known as Malinke), or more precisely Eastern Maninka, is the name of several closely related languages and dialects of the southeastern Manding subgroup of the Mande language family. It is the mother tongue of the Malinké peop ...

word "télé", which can mean "sun", but also "day", "era" or "period

f time F, or f, is the sixth Letter (alphabet), letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is English alphabet#Let ...

Bibliography

*''Les Soleils des indépendances'', Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1968 **''The Suns of Independence'', Translator Adrian Adams, Holmes & Meier, 1981, Book review by Danny Yee
/ref>

References

Ivorian novels 1968 novels French-language novels Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire winners 1968 debut novels {{Coted'Ivoire-stub