''Leptobrachella bondangensis'' is a species of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-f ...

in the family

Megophryidae Megophryidae, commonly known as goose frogs, is a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to th ...

. It is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to Central Kalimantan, in the

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

n part of

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

, and is only known from its eponymous type locality, Mount Bondang ( local name: ) in the

Murung Raya Regency Murung Raya Regency is the most northerly of the thirteen regencies (''kabupaten'') which comprise the province of Central Kalimantan on the island of Borneo, Indonesia. The capital of the regency is Puruk Cahu. Prior to the 2002 reorganization, t ...

. Common name Bondang dwarf litter frog has been coined for this species.

Description

The

type series In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the ...

consists of two individuals: the

holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ...

is an adult male measuring in

snout–vent length Snout–vent length (SVL) is a morphometric measurement taken in herpetology from the tip of the snout to the most posterior opening of the cloacal slit (vent)."direct line distance from tip of snout to posterior margin of vent" It is the most c ...

—relatively large for its genus—while the paratype is an immature individual, probably a female, measuring . The overall appearance is moderately slender. The head is longer than it is wide. The snout is rounded. The eyes are relatively large. The tympanum is distinct but small, nearly ⅓ of the eye diameter; a low supratympanic ridge is present. The forelimbs are slender while the hindlimbs are moderately short. The fingers and toes have sharply-pointed tips; the fingers have no webbing while the toes have basal webbing as well as weak lateral fringes. Skin is ventrally smooth and dorsally nearly so; the flanks are slightly granular with scattered tubercles/glands. The alcohol-preserved specimens are dorsally grayish‐brown to pale-brown. Some darker markings are present, including an inverted W‐shaped mark on the shoulder. The ventral parts are pale gray with dark mottling. The limbs bear dark crossbars dorsally. The holotype male has a bipartite subgular

vocal sac The vocal sac is the flexible membrane of skin possessed by most male frogs and toads. The purpose of the vocal sac is usually as an amplification of their mating or advertisement call. The presence or development of the vocal sac is one way o ...

Habitat and conservation

The type specimens were collected from the bank of a clear, fast flowing rocky stream in a hilly

dipterocarp Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...

forest at

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

. The holotype male was calling on a grass near the ground. More than 20 other frog species could be found at this same locality, including the congeneric ''Leptobrachella'' cf. '' juliandringi''. This species is only known from a small number of specimens from a single locality. As of late 2020, it had not yet been assessed for the

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biologi ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q101476492 bondangensis Endemic fauna of Borneo Endemic fauna of Indonesia Amphibians of Indonesia Amphibians described in 2018 Amphibians of Borneo