The Leopoldstädter Tempel was the largest
synagogue of
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
, in the district (Bezirk) of
Leopoldstadt
Leopoldstadt (; bar, Leopoidstod, "Leopold-Town") is the 2nd municipal Districts of Vienna, district of Vienna (german: 2. Bezirk) in Austria. there are 103,233 inhabitants over . It is situated in the heart of the city and, together with Bri ...
. It was also known as the Israelitische Bethaus in der Wiener Vorstadt Leopoldstadt. It was built in 1858 in a
Moorish Revival
Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th centu ...
style by the architect
Ludwig Förster
Ludwig Christian Friedrich (von) Förster (8 October 1797 in Ansbach – 16 June 1863 in Bad Gleichenberg, Styria) was a German-born Austrian architect. While he was not Jewish, he is known for building Jewish synagogues and churches.
Ludwig F ...
. The tripartite facade of the Leopoldstädter, with its tall central section flanked by lower wings on each side, became the model for numerous Moorish Revival synagogues, including the
Choral Temple in
Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
, which has an almost identical main facade, the
Zagreb Synagogue
The Zagreb Synagogue ( hr, Zagrebačka sinagoga) was the main place of worship for the Jews, Jewish community of Zagreb in modern-day Croatia. It was constructed in 1867 in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austrian Empire, and was used u ...
, the
Spanish Synagogue in
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...
, the
Tempel Synagogue in
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
and the
Grand Synagogue of Edirne.
This temple was destroyed during the
Kristallnacht
() or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (german: Novemberpogrome, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's (SA) paramilitary and (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation fro ...
on November 10, 1938. A memorial plaque on the site reads in
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
(and
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
):
translated as:
Synagogues influenced by the Leopoldstädter Tempel
The Tempel, which housed a prestigious congregation in the capital of the Empire, inspired the construction of several other synagogues in the Moorish Revival style. Some are designed similarly to Forster's building, with a flat facade and roof, tripartite massing with a large central block, symmetrical decorative minarets, and internal basilica plan with balconies.
*
Grand Synagogue of Edirne, Turkey
*
Zagreb Synagogue
The Zagreb Synagogue ( hr, Zagrebačka sinagoga) was the main place of worship for the Jews, Jewish community of Zagreb in modern-day Croatia. It was constructed in 1867 in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austrian Empire, and was used u ...
, Croatia
*
Vercelli Synagogue
*
Plum Street Temple,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line wi ...
, USA
*
Spanish Synagogue, Prague, Czech Republic
*
Tempel Synagogue, Kraków, Poland
*
Sofia Synagogue, Sofia, Bulgaria
*
Choral Temple, Bucharest, Romania
*
Great Choral Synagogue, Kyiv, Ukraine
*
Brodsky Choral Synagogue
The Brodsky Choral Synagogue ( uk, Синаго́га Бро́дського and yi, די בראדסקי שול אין קיעוו) is the second largest synagogue in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was built in the Romanesque Revival style resembling a cl ...
, Kyiv, Ukraine
*
Dohány Street Synagogue
The Dohány Street Synagogue ( hu, Dohány utcai zsinagóga / nagy zsinagóga; he, בית הכנסת הגדול של בודפשט, ''Bet ha-Knesset ha-Gadol shel Budapesht''), also known as the ''Great Synagogue'' or ''Tabakgasse Synagogue'', ...
, Budapest, Hungary
Famous members
*
Josef Goldstein,
cantor
A cantor or chanter is a person who leads people in singing or sometimes in prayer. In formal Jewish worship, a cantor is a person who sings solo verses or passages to which the choir or congregation responds.
In Judaism, a cantor sings and lead ...
at the synagogue
*
Adolf Jellinek
Adolf Jellinek ( he, אהרן ילינק ''Aharon Jelinek''; 26 June 1821 in Drslavice, Moravia – 28 December 1893 in Vienna) was an Austrian rabbi and scholar. After filling clerical posts in Leipzig (1845–1856), he became a preacher at t ...
,
rabbi
A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...
at the synagogue
*
Moritz Güdemann
Moritz Güdemann ( he, משה גידמן; 19 February 1835 – 5 August 1918) was an Austrian rabbi and historian. He served as chief rabbi of Vienna.
Biography
Moritz (Moshe) Güdemann attended the Jewish school in Hildesheim, and thereafter we ...
,
rabbi
A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...
at the synagogue
*
Israel Taglicht Israel Taglicht (March 9, 1862 − December 13, 1943) was the Chief Rabbi of Austria. Life
Taglicht was born on March 9, 1862 in Berezó, Hungary, the son of Josef Taglicht and Nelly Spitzer.
A descendent of the Maharam Schick, Taglicht attende ...
, rabbi at the synagogue
Memorials
File:Leopoldstädter Tempel Gedenktafel, Vienna.jpg, Memorial plaque at the site of the synagogue
File:Leopoldstädter Tempel Mosaik, Vienna.jpg, Memorial mosaic at Tempelgasse
File:Wien - Tempelgasse, Memorial (1).JPG, Monument showing the size of the synagogue
See also
*
History of the Jews in Austria
The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation. Over the course of many centuries, the political status of the community rose and fell many times: during certain periods, the Jewis ...
*
Stadttempel
The Stadttempel ( en, City Prayer House), also called the Seitenstettengasse Temple, is the main synagogue of Vienna, Austria. It is located in the Innere Stadt 1st district, at Seitenstettengasse 4.
History
The synagogue was constructed from 182 ...
References
*
*
*Martens, Bob; Herbert Peter (2011). "The Destroyed Synagogues of Vienna - Virtual city walks". Vienna: LIT Verlag.
External links
Moorish Revival synagogues
Synagogues completed in 1858
Leopoldstadter
Leopoldstädter Tempel
Leopoldstädter Tempel
Tempel
Buildings and structures demolished in the 20th century
{{Austria-synagogue-stub