Leopold I (c. 1290 – 28 February 1326),
called The Glorious, was
Duke of Austria
This is a list of people who have ruled either the Margraviate of Austria, the Duchy of Austria or the Archduchy of Austria. From 976 until 1246, the margraviate and its successor, the duchy, was ruled by the House of Babenberg. At that time, t ...
and
Styria
Styria (german: Steiermark ; Serbo-Croatian and sl, ; hu, Stájerország) is a state (''Bundesland'') in the southeast of Austria. With an area of , Styria is the second largest state of Austria, after Lower Austria. Styria is bordered to ...
– as co-ruler with his elder brother
Frederick the Fair
Frederick the Fair (german: Friedrich der Schöne) or the Handsome (c. 1289 – 13 January 1330), from the House of Habsburg, was the duke of Austria and Styria from 1308 as well as the anti-king of Germany from 1314 until 1325 and then co-king ...
– from 1308 until his death. A member of the
House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
, he was the third son of
Albert I of Germany
Albert I of Habsburg (german: Albrecht I.) (July 12551 May 1308) was a Duke of Austria and Styria from 1282 and King of Germany from 1298 until his assassination. He was the eldest son of King Rudolf I of Germany and his first wife Gertrude o ...
and
Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
Elisabeth of Carinthia (also known as Elisabeth of Tyrol; – 28 October 1312), was a Duchess of Austria from 1282 and Queen of the Romans from 1298 until 1308, by marriage to King Albert I of Habsburg.
Life
Born in Munich, Bavaria, she was ...
, a scion of the
Meinhardiner
The Counts of Gorizia (german: Grafen von Görz; it, Conti di Gorizia; sl, Goriški grofje), also known as the Meinhardiner, were a Graf, comital, Fürst, princely and Herzog, ducal dynasty in the Holy Roman Empire. Named after Gorizia Castle i ...
dynasty.
Biography
After the death of his eldest brother Duke
Rudolph III in 1307 and the assassination of King Albert in 1308, Leopold became administrator of
Further Austria
Further Austria, Outer Austria or Anterior Austria (german: Vorderösterreich, formerly ''die Vorlande'' (pl.)) was the collective name for the early (and later) possessions of the House of Habsburg in the former Swabian stem duchy of south-wes ...
, where he started a retaliation campaign against his father's murderers.
[ He converged with the royal ]House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg ( lb, D'Lëtzebuerger Haus; french: Maison de Luxembourg; german: Haus Luxemburg) or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as king ...
and accompanied King Henry VII on his Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
campaign. In 1311, he helped to suppress a Guelph uprising in Milan under Guido della Torre
Guido della Torre (27 September 1259 – summer 1312) was a Lord of Milan between 1302 and 1312.
Biography
He was the son of Francesco della Torre (brother of Napoleone della Torre) and Giulia Castiglioni,
As part of the factional turmoil bet ...
, and to lay siege to the city of Brescia
Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; vec, Bressa) is a city and ''comune'' in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Garda and Iseo. ...
.
Upon Emperor Henry's death, he strongly supported his brother Frederick in the 1314 election as King of the Romans
King of the Romans ( la, Rex Romanorum; german: König der Römer) was the title used by the king of Germany following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward.
The title originally referred to any German k ...
.[ Despite all efforts, the Habsburgs only gained the votes of four ]prince-elector
The prince-electors (german: Kurfürst pl. , cz, Kurfiřt, la, Princeps Elector), or electors for short, were the members of the electoral college that elected the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
From the 13th century onwards, the prince ...
s, while Louis IV of Bavaria
Louis IV (german: Ludwig; 1 April 1282 – 11 October 1347), called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was King of the Romans from 1314, King of Italy from 1327, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1328.
Louis' election as king of Germany in ...
, with support of the Luxembourgs, was elected by five. In the following armed conflict between the rivals, the forces of Leopold were supportive of his brother's claims.[ In his ancestral homeland however, he incurred a decisive defeat by the ]Swiss Confederacy
The Old Swiss Confederacy or Swiss Confederacy ( Modern German: ; historically , after the Reformation also , "Confederation of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or In the charters of the 14th century ...
at the 1315 Battle of Morgarten.[
When Frederick and their younger brother ]Henry
Henry may refer to:
People
*Henry (given name)
* Henry (surname)
* Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry
Royalty
* Portuguese royalty
** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal
** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...
had been captured at the Battle of Mühldorf
The Battle of Mühldorf (also known as the Battle of Ampfing) was fought near Mühldorf am Inn on September 28, 1322 between the Duchy of (Upper) Bavaria and Austria. The Bavarians were led by the German king Louis of Wittelsbach, while the ...
in 1322, Leopold struggled for their release. He entered into negotiations with King Louis IV and even surrendered the Imperial Regalia
The Imperial Regalia, also called Imperial Insignia (in German ''Reichskleinodien'', ''Reichsinsignien'' or ''Reichsschatz''), are regalia of the Holy Roman Emperor. The most important parts are the Crown, the Imperial orb, the Imperial sc ...
he had kept at Kyburg Castle. The parleys failed and Leopold continued to attack the Bavarian forces of Louis, who unsuccessfully laid siege to the Swabian town of Burgau
Burgau is a town in the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria. Burgau lies on the river Mindel and has a population of just under 10,000.
History
The territory around Burgau was originally part of the stem duchy of Swabia. The death of Co ...
in 1324. After the king had failed to reach the approval of his election by Pope John XXII
Pope John XXII ( la, Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death in December 1334.
He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by ...
and was even banned, he released Frederick in 1325. The captive however had to promise to swear his brother to acknowledge Louis as his suzerain, which Leopold refused.[ Frederick voluntarily returned to the Bavarian court, where he and Louis finally agreed upon a joint rule.
Leopold died in ]Strasbourg
Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...
shortly afterwards, on 28 February 1326.[ His remains were buried at Königsfelden Monastery in ]Windisch
Windisch may refer to:
* Windisch (surname) (including a list of people with the name)
* Windisch, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Aargau
* Windisch (ethnonym), German word Wends for Slavs
* Windisch Kamnitz, German name of Srbská Ka ...
.
Marriage and issue
In 1315, Leopold married Catherine of Savoy (1284–1336), daughter of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy
Amadeus V (1252/1253 – 16 October 1323) was Count of Savoy from 1285 to 1323.
Biography
Amadeus was the son of Thomas II of Savoy and Beatrice Fieschi. Through his mother he was a grandnephew of Pope Innocent IV. Following his marriage to S ...
by his second wife, Marie of Brabant. They had two daughters:
# Catherine of Austria (1320–1349), who married Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy
Enguerrand VI (–) was a medieval French nobleman who served as the Seigneur Lord of Coucy. He was also Lord Gynes, Sire d'Oisy, in the district of Marle, and the Sire de La Fère. He was the son of his predecessor, Guillaume, Lord of Coucy, Ma ...
.
#Agnes of Austria Agnes of Austria may also refer to:
*Agnes of Austria (1154–1182), daughter of Henry II, Duke of Austria, married firstly Stephen III of Hungary, secondly to Herman II, Duke of Carinthia
*Agnes of Austria (1281–1364), daughter of Albert I of Ge ...
(1322–1392), who married Bolko II, Duke of Świdnica.
References
Bibliography
* Wurzbach, Constantin von (1860)
"Habsburg, Leopold I. der Glorreiche"
In ''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich'' (English, ''Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire'') (abbreviated ''Wurzbach'' from the author's surname) is a 60-volume work, edited and published by Constantin von Wurzbach, cont ...
''. 6. Vienna: Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, p. 409.
* ——— (1860)
"Habsburg, Elisabeth von Savoyen"
In ''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich''. 6. Vienna: Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, p. 165.
{{Authority control
Leopold 1 of Austria
Leopold 1 of Austria
14th-century dukes of Austria
Leopold 1 of Austria
Leopold 1
Burials at Königsfelden Monastery
Sons of kings