Leonhard Ragaz
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Leonhard Ragaz (1868–1945) was a
Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina *Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses *Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internation ...
Reformed Reform is beneficial change Reform may also refer to: Media * ''Reform'' (album), a 2011 album by Jane Zhang * Reform (band), a Swedish jazz fusion group * ''Reform'' (magazine), a Christian magazine *''Reforme'' ("Reforms"), initial name of the ...
theologian and, with
Hermann Kutter Hermann Kutter (1863–1931) was a Swiss Protestant theologian. Together with Leonhard Ragaz, he was one of the founders of Christian socialism in Switzerland. He was heavily influenced by Christoph Blumhardt. He combined Blumhardt's expectat ...
, one of the founders of
religious socialism Religious socialism is a type of socialism based on religious values. Members of several major religions have found that their beliefs about human society fit with socialist principles and ideas. As a result, religious socialist movements have d ...
in
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. He was influenced by
Christoph Blumhardt Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt (1842–1919) was a German Lutheran theologian and one of the founders of Christian socialism in Germany and Switzerland. He was a well-known preacher. In 1899 he announced his support for socialism and joined the Soc ...
. He was married to the feminist and peace activist Clara Ragaz-Nadig.


Biography

Born to a farmer family in Tamins,
Grisons The Grisons () or Graubünden,Names include: *german: (Kanton) Graubünden ; * Romansh: ** rm, label= Sursilvan, (Cantun) Grischun ** rm, label=Vallader, (Chantun) Grischun ** rm, label= Puter, (Chantun) Grischun ** rm, label=Surmiran, (Cant ...
, on 28 July 1868, Ragaz studied theology in Basel, Jena, and Berlin. In 1890, he was elected as minister in
Flerden Flerden ''( Romansh: Flearda)'' is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. History Flerden is first mentioned in 1156 as ''Flirden''. Geography Flerden has an area, , of . Of this area, 54.6% is used for agricu ...
,
Heinzenberg Heinzenberg is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a Municipalities of Germany, municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach (district), Bad Kreuznach Districts of Germany, district in Rhineland-P ...
. In 1893, he moved to Chur, working as a teacher of language and religion, and from 1895 to 1902 as municipal minister. In 1902, Ragaz was elected as minister at the Basel Minster. In Basel, Ragaz came into contact with the labour movement. As construction workers went on strike in 1903, Ragaz delivered a sermon in the minster which came to be known as the "bricklayers' strike sermon" (), in which he said that "if institutional Christendom were to be cold and incomprehending towards the becoming of a new world, which after all emerged from the heart of the gospel, then the salt of the earth would have become putrid". In 1908, Ragaz was called to a professorship at the theological faculty of the University of Zurich. During the of 1918, he took sides with the workers, and as the authorities sent troops to protect the university buildings from the strikers, he protested. In 1921, he resigned as professor, stating that he could not continue to educate ministers for the ''bourgeois''
Swiss Reformed Church The Protestant Church in Switzerland (PCS), (EKS); french: Église évangélique réformée de Suisse (EERS); it, Chiesa evangelica riformata in Svizzera (CERiS); rm, Baselgia evangelica refurmada da la Svizra (BRRS) formerly named Federation o ...
. He and his family moved to the proletarian
Aussersihl Aussersihl is a district in the Swiss city of Zürich. Known officially as District number 4, the district is known as colloquially ''Chreis Cheib'', ''cheib'' being the Zürich German word for an animal cadaver. It earned the name as the area hi ...
district of Zurich. He remained involved with the labour movement, editing his journal ''Neue Wege'', until his death in Zurich on 6 December 1945.


Religious socialism and pacifism

For Ragaz, the
Early Church Early Christianity (up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325) spread from the Levant, across the Roman Empire, and beyond. Originally, this progression was closely connected to already established Jewish centers in the Holy Land and the Jewish ...
was based on a spirit of cooperation and collectivity. As a consequence, the socialist ideal of self-administered cooperatives owned by the workers themselves was a postulate directly derived from the gospel and the promise of justice in
God's kingdom The concept of the kingship of God appears in all Abrahamic religions, where in some cases the terms Kingdom of God and Kingdom of Heaven are also used. The notion of God's kingship goes back to the Hebrew Bible, which refers to "his kingdom" b ...
. Also as a consequence of his Christian belief in justice and peace, Ragaz staunchly opposed the First World War, from a stance of active pacifism: he called for all religious socialists to unite in protesting the war.Zahl, Simeon (2010).
Pneumatology and Theology of the Cross in the Preaching of Christoph Blumhardt: The Holy Spirit Between Wittenberg and Azusa Street
'. New York: T&T Clark. . p. 136.
He taught that if capitalism resorted to force and violence, that was a true reflection of its nature, but that if socialism did the same, it was a treason to its ideals. Ragaz' main work is ''Die Bibel – eine Deutung'' ("The Bible - An Interpretation"), written during the Second World War and published in seven volumes in 1947–1950.


Works

*''Du sollst. Grundzüge einer sittlichen Weltanschauung'', Waetzel, Freiburg im Breisgau 1904 *''Dein Reich komme. Predigten'', Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1909 *''Religionsphilosophie'', 2 vols., Zürich 1909 *''Die neue Schweiz. Ein Programm für Schweizer und solche, die es werden wollen'', *''Weltreich, Religion und Gottesherrschaft'', 2 vols., Rotapfel, Zürich/Leipzig 1922 *''Der Kampf um das Reich Gottes in Blumhardt, Vater und Sohn – und weiter!'', Rotapfel, Zürich/Leipzig 1922 *''Von Christus zu Marx – von Marx zu Christus. Ein Beitrag'', Harder, Wernigerode 1929 *''Das Reich und die Nachfolge. Andachten'', Herbert Lang, Bern 1937 *''Gedanken. Aus vierzig Jahren geistigen Kampfes'' (anthology), Herbert Lang, Bern 1938 *''Die Botschaft vom Reiche Gottes. Ein Katechismus für Erwachsene'', Herbert Lang, Bern 1942 *''Die Gleichnisse Jesu'', Herbert Lang, Bern 1944 *''Die Bergpredigt Jesu'', Herbert Lang, Bern 1945 *''Die Geschichte der Sache Christi. Ein Versuch'', Herbert Lang, Bern 1945 *''Die Bibel. Eine Deutung'', 7 vols., Diana, Zürich 1947–50 *''Mein Weg. Eine Autobiographie'', autobiography, 2 vols., Diana, Zürich 1952 *''Eingriffe ins Zeitgeschehen. Reich Gottes und Politik. Texte von 1900 bis 1945'', eds. Ruedi Brassel and Willy Spieler, Exodus, Luzern 1995, *''Leonhard Ragaz in seinen Briefen'', eds. Christine Ragaz et al. (letters): **vol. 1: ''1887–1914'', Zürich 1966, **vol. 2: ''1914–1932'', Zürich 1982, **vol. 3: ''1933–1945'', Zürich 1992,


References


Further reading

*Böhm, Manfred: ''Gottes Reich und Gesellschaftsveränderung. Traditionen einer befreienden Theologie im Spätwerk von Leonhard Ragaz'', ed. Liberación, Münster 1988 *Buess, Eduard / Mattmüller, Markus: ''Prophetischer Sozialismus. Blumhardt – Ragaz – Barth'', Exodus, Fribourg 1986 *Herkenrath, Silvia: ''Politik und Gottesreich. Kommentare zur Weltpolitik des Jahre 1918–1945 von Leonhard Ragaz'', TVZ, Zürich 1977 *Jäger, Hans Ulrich: ''Ethik und Eschatologie bei Leonhard Ragaz. Versuch einer Darstellung der Grundstrukturen und inneren Systematik von Leonhard Ragaz' theologischem Denken unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Vorlesungsmanuskripte'', TVZ, Zürich 1971 *Kern, Karl Hans: ''Leonhard Ragaz – Dennoch glauben'', Pahl-Rugenstein, 1996, *Kim, Hee-Eun: ''Das Verhältnis zwischen Christentum und Marxismus-Leninismus bei Leonhard Ragaz in seiner Bedeutung für die Minjung-Theologie'', Haag + Herchen, 1991, *Köpke, Wilfried: "Wir harren eines neuen Himmels und einer neuen Erde" - Geschichtstheologische Grundlinien im Werk der Krise von Leonhard Ragaz, München 2007, *Lietha, Walter (ed.): ''Leonhard Ragaz im Profil. Gedanken – Biographisches – Lebenszeugnisse'', Calven, Chur 1995, *Lindt, Andreas: ''Leonhard Ragaz. Eine Studie zur Geschichte und Theologie des religiösen Sozialismus'', Evangelischer Verlag, Zollikon 1957 *Mattmüller, Markus: ''Leonhard Ragaz und der religiöse Sozialismus. Eine Biographie'', 2 vols., EVZ, Zollikon/Zürich 1957/1968 *Rostig, Dittmar: ''Bergpredigt und Politik. Zur Struktur und Funktion des Reiches Gottes bei Leonhard Ragaz'', Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main/Bern 1991 *Ryoo, Jang-Hyun: ''Reich Gottes und seine Gerechtigkeit für die Erde. Das Verständnis von Reich Gottes und Sozialismus bei Leonhard Ragaz in seiner Bedeutung für die christlich-sozialistische Bewegung in Südkorea'', diss. Berlin 1997 *Stähli, Martin Johann: ''Reich Gottes und Revolution. Christliche Theorie und Praxis für die Armen dieser Welt. Die Theologie des Religiösen Sozialismus bei Leonhard Ragaz und die Theologie der Revolution in Lateinamerika'', Reich (= Theologische Forschung 57), Hamburg-Bergstedt 1976 *Ulrich von den Steinen: ''Agitation für das Reich Gottes. Ein Beitrag zur religiös-sozialen Predigtpraxis und homiletischen Theorie bei Leonhard Ragaz'', Kaiser (= Beiträge zur evangelischen Theologie 77), München 1977 * Wieland Zademach (ed.): ''Reich Gottes für diese Welt – Theologie gegen den Strich. Erbe der Väter (L. Ragaz/ M. Buber/H. J. Iwand/J. L. Hromadka/ H. Gollwitzer/ P. Teilhard de Chardin). Auftrag für heute – Hoffnung für morgen'', Spenner, Waltrop 2001,


External links

* * *
Neue Wege
biography page {{DEFAULTSORT:Ragaz, Leonhard 1868 births 1945 deaths 20th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians Calvinist and Reformed Christian socialists Calvinist pacifists Christian socialist theologians People from Imboden District Social Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians Swiss Calvinist and Reformed ministers Swiss Calvinist and Reformed theologians Swiss Christian socialists Systematic theologians