![Leonardo Alagon, marchese di Oristano](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Leonardo_Alagon%2C_marchese_di_Oristano.png)
Leonardo Alagon, even Alagón or de Alagón, (1436 in
Oristano
Oristano (; sc, Aristanis ) is an Italian city and ''comune'', and capital of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the island of Sardinia. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the pr ...
– 1494 in
Xativa), was the last
marquis of Oristano (1470–1478).
Biography
Marquis of Oristano and Count of Goceano
In 1470, following the death of the Marquis of Oristano Salvatore Cubello (male line descendant from
Hugh II of Arborea
Hugh II was Judge of Arborea, reigning from 1321 CE until his death in 1336 CE. He was the illegitimate son of Marianus III of Arborea and Paulesa de Serra.
Hugh sided with James II of Aragon, who had been invested with the Kingdom of Sardinia ...
), the ownership of the estate passed to the heir designated by testamentary act, his nephew Leonardo Alagon, firstborn (eight children) of his sister Benedetta Cubello and the noble Artaldo Alagon y Luna, sir Pina de Ebro, Sástago and other countries. Already Artaldo, descended from the first "ricos hombres" Aragonese, rebelled against the Crown: in 1410 under the command of four ships with Cassiano Doria, stormed
Longone defended by the Aragonese. The Marquis Leonardo married Maria Linan de Morillo, from which were born four males, who had no heirs, and two females.
This succession, due to the rebellious behavior of the father of Leonardo, Artaldo, was opposed military by the
viceroy of Sardinia
This is a list of viceroys of Sardinia.
Aragonese Viceroys
From 1418 to 1516 Sardinia was ruled by viceroys from the Crown of Aragon, which merged into the Monarchy of Spain in 1516.
1. Lluís de Pontons (1418-1419)
2. Joan de Corbera (1419-14 ...
, Nicolò Carroz d'Arborea, lord of
Mandas
Mandas is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,401 and an area of .All demographics and other statistics: It ...
and Terranova Pausania, who aspired to the possession of that vast territory, asserting that the will had no value, because the king had already decided that after the death of Cubello, the
Marquisate of Oristano
The Marquisate of Oristano was a marquisate of Sardinia that lasted from 1410 until 1478
History
It was formed after the death of Marianus V of Arborea, the second son of Eleanor of Arborea, when the giudicato of Arborea (despite the recrimi ...
and the County of
Goceano
The Goceano ( sc, Costèra) is a historical and geographical region of center-north of Sardinia island, Italy.
It covers a surface of 480 km2 and has a population of 13,000 inhabitants (27 inhabitants/km2). It is located inside the Province ...
would be incorporated into the
Crown of Aragon
The Crown of Aragon ( , ) an, Corona d'Aragón ; ca, Corona d'Aragó, , , ; es, Corona de Aragón ; la, Corona Aragonum . was a composite monarchy ruled by one king, originated by the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of B ...
. The first battle took place April 14, 1470 near
Uras, where prevailed the Alagon, while Carroz had to retreat to
Cagliari
Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
.
In 1474, with the peace treaty of Urgell, King
John II of Aragon
John II (Spanish: ''Juan II'', Catalan: ''Joan II'', Aragonese: ''Chuan II'' and eu, Joanes II; 29 June 1398 – 20 January 1479), called the Great (''el Gran'') or the Faithless (''el Sense Fe''), was King of Aragon from 1458 until his death i ...
(called the Great), recognized Leonardo Alagon the right of succession, but the provocative conduct of Carroz did break out again the war. The viceroy did not dare to face his rival in the open field, he went to
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
and persuaded the king to proceed against the Marquis on charges of
treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
and
felony
A felony is traditionally considered a crime of high seriousness, whereas a misdemeanor is regarded as less serious. The term "felony" originated from English common law (from the French medieval word "félonie") to describe an offense that resu ...
and the subsequent confiscation of fiefs and the
death penalty
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...
. By decree of 1477, the king extended the condemnation to the entire Alagon family.
The conflict also spread to northern areas, where the Alagon had been promised aid by the Genoese and the
duke of Milan
The following is a list of rulers of Milan from the 13th century to 1814, after which it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia by the Congress of Vienna.
Before elevation to duchy
Until 1259, Milan was a free commune that elect ...
, but they did not arrive. Instead the Carroz got well-armed troops from
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
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, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
and
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
.
Battle of Macomer
On 19 May 1478 the army of Alagon was decisively defeated at the Battle of Macomer. Leonardo, before the defeat, left the battlefield and with his brothers, the sons and the Viscount of Sanluri fled to
Bosa
Bosa is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Oristano (until May 2005 it was in the province of Nuoro), part of the Sardinia region of Italy. Bosa is situated about two-thirds of the way up the west coast of Sardinia, on a small hill, abo ...
from where they boarded a ship with the intent to reach
Corsica
Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...
.
![Caastell de Xàtiva](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Caastell_de_X%C3%A0tiva.JPG)
Due to a betrayal, the ship reversed his course to Sicily where they were handed over to Admiral Villamarin who, rather than delivering them to the
viceroy of Sicily This is a list of viceroys of Sicily:
Aragonese direct rule 1409–1516
* John of Aragon, Duke of Peñafiel, later king John II of Aragon, 1458–1479, acted 1409–1416.
* Domingo Ram y Lanaja, Bishop of Lleida 1416–1419
* Antonio de Cardona ...
, brought them to Barcelona.
Imprisonment and death
Later they were imprisoned in the Valencian
castle of Xàtiva
Xativa Castle ( es, Castillo de Játiva; ca-valencia, Castell de Xàtiva) is a castle located in the city of Xàtiva near Valencia, Spain. It consists of a twin fortification divided between the older "Castillo Menor" (minor castle), built on the ...
, where Leonardo and Giovanni de Sena, Viscount of Sanluri, died in 1494. According to the writer Peter Carboni, their death was caused by grief and deep moral pain for the sad events experienced: they were buried in an underground cemetery of the Xativa castle.
Bibliography
* AA. VV., ''Giudicato d'Arborea e Marchesato di Oristano: proiezioni mediterranee e aspetti di storia locale'', S'Alvure, Oristano 2000.
* Proto Arca Sardo, ''De bello et interitu Marchionis Oristanei'', a cura di Maria Teresa Laneri, CUEC, Cagliari 2003.
* Giovanni Boassa, ''Due battaglie che cambiarono il destino della Sardegna'', PTM, Mogoro 2012.
* Pietro Carboni, ''La battaglia di Macomer'', La Biblioteca della Nuova Sardegna, Sassari 2013.
* Id., ''Leonardo Alagon'', 2 vol., La Biblioteca della Nuova Sardegna, Sassari 2013.
* Raimondo Carta Raspi, ''Storia della Sardegna'', Mursia, Milano 1974.
* Goffredo Casalis, Vittorio Angius, ''Dizionario Geografico Storico, Statistico, Commerciale Degli Stati Di S.M. il Re Di Sardegna'', Kessinger Publishing, , 2010, pp. 584.
* Alessandra Cioppi, ''Battaglie e protagonisti della Sardegna medioevale'', AM-D, Cagliari 2008.
* Franco Cuccu, ''La città dei Giudici'', vol. I, S'Alvure, Oristano 1996.
* Francesco Floris, ''Storia della Sardegna'', Newton & Compton, Roma 2007.
*
* Carlos Sarthou Carreres, ''El castillo de Jàtiva y sus històricos prisioneros'', E.P.V., Valencia 1951.
* Arnaldo Satta-Branca, ''La Sardegna attraverso i secoli'', Fossataro, Cagliari 1966.
* Mirella Scarpa Senes, ''La guerra e la disfatta del Marchese di Oristano dal manoscritto di G. Proto Arca'', ed. Castello, Cagliari 1997.
* Giovanni Serra, ''Villasor'',
, Grafica del Parteolla, Dolianova 1995.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alagon, Leonardo
1436 births
1494 deaths