Leonard Ernest Bayliss (15 November 1900 – 20 August 1964) was an English

physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical a ...

. and author. He is known for his work on the physiology of water-relations, including the maintenance of blood volume and kidney functioning. Leonard Bayliss is best known for revising a well-known textbook, ''Principles of general physiology'' in two volumes, that had first been written by his father

William Bayliss Sir William Maddock Bayliss (2 May 1860 – 27 August 1924) was an English physiologist. Life He was born in Wednesbury, Staffordshire but shortly thereafter his father, a successful merchant of ornamental ironwork, moved his family to a ...

. He also published ''Human Physiology'', coauthored with F.R. Winton. He developed methods to study blood flow. Bayliss was the son of William Bayliss and Gertrude, the sister of physiologist E.H. Starling. Leonard Bayliss studied at the

University College School ("Slowly but surely") , established = , closed = , type = Public schoolIndependent day school , religion = , president = , head_label = Headmaster , head = Mark Beard , r_head_label = , r_hea ...

before going to

Trinity College, Cambridge Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by Henry VIII, King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any college at either Cambridge ...

in 1922. He continued for his PhD as a Michael Foster Student and his thesis was on "tone in plain muscle." He was a Sharpey Scholar from 1926 to 1929 and from 1928 he visited

University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...

on a Rockefeller Fellowship, working on micropuncture techniques to study the kidneys of frogs under A.N. Richards. Bayliss then went to work at the

Marine Biological Laboratory The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) is an international center for research and education in biological and environmental science. Founded in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1888, the MBL is a private, nonprofit institution that was independent ...

at Plymouth before becoming a lecturer at the

University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 15 ...

. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, he worked for the Army Operational Research Group, studying the accuracy of

anti-aircraft guns Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...

. In 1946 Baylisshelped establish the graduate course in physiology at University College. Bayliss married M. Grace Eggleton, who had studied under E.H. Starling, his uncle. Bayliss died on 20 August 1964.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayliss, Leonard Ernest English physiologists 1900 births 1964 deaths