''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. 2009. "New genera of Malesian Grammitidaceae". ''Blumea'' 54(1-3):217-219. They are native to tropical areas of Madagascar, Africa, the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

, and

Pacific Islands Collectively called the Pacific Islands, the islands in the Pacific Ocean are further categorized into three major island groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Depending on the context, the term ''Pacific Islands'' may refer to one of se ...

. None are known in cultivation. ''Lellingeria'' was named for the

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

pteridologist

David Lellinger David Bruce Lellinger (born 1937, Chicago) is an American botanist, specializing in ferns. He began work at the Smithsonian Institution as a student assistant in 1960 and 1961. He was hired as full-time staff in 1963. He was later curator of pteri ...

.Alan R. Smith, Robbin C. Moran, and L. Earl Bishop. 1991. "''Lellingeria'', a new genus of Grammitidaceae". ''American Fern Journal'' 81(3):76-88.

Description

Mostly

epiphyte An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

Rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...

radially symmetrical or dorsiventral, with clathrate, usually blackish scales that are attached across their entire base. Petiole absent or much shorter than the lamina. Sterile portion of frond shallowly to deeply

pinnately Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and in ...

divided. Fertile portion entire to deeply pinnately divided. (A few species with fronds pinnate-pinnatifid). Veins simple, free (not anastomosing). Hydathodes present. Sori round or elliptic, often slightly sunken, without

paraphyses Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes. The singular form of the word is paraphysis. In certain fungi, they are part of the fe ...

Taxonomy

The genus ''Lellingeria'' was erected in 1991. At that time, it consisted of 52 species, three newly described, and 49 transferred from the artificial ( unnatural) genus '' Grammitis''. In 2004, a phylogenetic study of

DNA sequence DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...

s of two

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in ...

genes showed that ''Lellingeria'', as defined in 1991, was polyphyletic.Tom A. Ranker, Alan R. Smith, Barbara S. Parris, Jennifer M.O. Geiger, Christopher H. Haufler, Shannon C.K. Straub, and Harald Schneider. 2004. "Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): a case of rampant morphological homoplasy". ''Taxon'' 53(2):415-428. This was confirmed six years later. In 2010, four species were removed from ''Lellingeria'' and combined with one species from the defunct genus ''

Xiphopteris ''Xiphopteris'' is a defunct genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae. The name is derived from two Greek words: ''xiphos'', "sword", and ''pteris'', "fern".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names''. volume IV. CRC Pres ...

'' to form the new genus ''

Leucotrichum ''Leucotrichum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is one of about 26 genera of "grammitids".Michael A. Sundue, Meliss ...

''.Paulo H. Labiak, Germinal Rouhan, and Michael A. Sundue. 2010. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of ''Leucotrichum'' (Polypodiaceae): A new genus of grammitid ferns from the Neotropics". ''Taxon'' 59(3):911-921. The remaining species of ''Lellingeria'' form a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

genus that is sister to the genus ''

Melpomene In Greek mythology, Melpomene (; grc, Μελπομένη, Melpoménē, to sing' or 'the one that is melodious), initially the muse of chorus, eventually became the muse of tragedy, and is now best known in that association. Etymology Melp ...

''. When ''Lellingeria'' was established in 1991, thirty-five of its species were assigned to four species groups. This infra-generic classification did not hold up, because one of these groups had to be separated as ''Leucotrichum'', and because another two of these groups were not truly distinct, but intermixed. ''Lellingeria'', as currently circumscribed consists of two groups, one with about 20 species, and another with about 50. The smaller group is easily distinguished by morphological characters, but the larger group is more

diverse Diversity, diversify, or diverse may refer to: Business *Diversity (business), the inclusion of people of different identities (ethnicity, gender, age) in the workforce * Diversity marketing, marketing communication targeting diverse customers ...

. These two groups have not been formally named as

subgenera In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

sections Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

within ''Lellingeria''. ''Lellingeria'' can be distinguished from ''Melpomene'' by the lack of setae, the presence of hairs on the rhizome, the sparse covering of very short hair on the upper surface of the rachis or midrib, and by the sori, which are slightly sunken into the lamina. When ''Lellingeria'' was first described in 1991, it was thought to always have a radially symmetrical rhizome, but it has since been learned that some of the species that belong in ''Lellingeria'' have a dorsiventral rhizome. The unequally forked hairs are almost always present, but they are not a synapomorphy for ''Lellingeria''.

Species

, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *'' Lellingeria affinis'' Labiak *''

Lellingeria amplisora ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Pa ...

'' Labiak *'' Lellingeria antillensis'' (Proctor) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria apiculata ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Kunze ex Klotzsch) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria barbensis ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Lellinger) A.R.Sm. er R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria bishopii ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' Labiak *'' Lellingeria brasiliensis'' (Rosenst.) Labiak *''

Lellingeria brevistipes ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Mett. ex Kuhn) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria calolepis'' Labiak *'' Lellingeria ciliolepis'' (C.Chr.) A.R.Sm. *''

Lellingeria depressa ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (C.Chr.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria dissimulans'' (Maxon) A.R.Sm. *'' Lellingeria epiphytica'' (Copel.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria flagellipinnata ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' M.Kessler & A.R.Sm. *'' Lellingeria flexibilis'' Labiak *''

Lellingeria hombersleyi ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Maxon) A.R.Sm. *''

Lellingeria humilis ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Pa ...

'' (Mett.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria isidrensis ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Maxon ex Copel.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria itatimensis'' (C.Chr.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria jimenezii'' Labiak *''

Lellingeria kaieteura ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Pa ...

'' (Jenman) Labiak *''

Lellingeria labiakii ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' Sundue *''

Lellingeria laxifolia ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria longeattenuata'' D.M.Forero & J.Murillo *'' Lellingeria longifolia'' Labiak *'' Lellingeria major'' (Copel.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria melanotrichia'' (Baker) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria micula'' (Lellinger) Labiak *''

Lellingeria militaris ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Pa ...

'' (Maxon) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria moranii'' Labiak *'' Lellingeria oreophila'' (Maxon) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria paramicola'' Labiak *'' Lellingeria pendula'' (Sw.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria pendulina'' A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria phlegmaria'' (J.Sm.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria pinnata ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' A.Rojas *'' Lellingeria pseudocapillaris'' (Rosenst.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria pseudotenuicula ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' Labiak *''

Lellingeria randallii ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Maxon) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria simacensis'' (Rosenst.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria sinuosa'' (A.R.Sm.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria smithii ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' Labiak *''

Lellingeria subimpressa ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Copel.) Labiak *''

Lellingeria subsessilis ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Pa ...

'' (Baker) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria suprasculpta'' (Christ) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria suspensa ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (L.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria tamandarei'' (Rosenst.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria tenuicula'' (Fée) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria tmesipteris ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' (Copel.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *'' Lellingeria tunguraguae'' (Rosenst.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran *''

Lellingeria vargasiana ''Lellingeria'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). About 50–70 species of ''Lellingeria'' are known.Barbara S. Parris. ...

'' A.Rojas

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q6520927 Polypodiaceae Fern genera