The Legislature V of Italy ( it, V Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 5th legislature of the
Italian Republic
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
, and lasted from 5 June 1968 until 24 May 1972.
Its composition was the one resulting from the
general election of 19 May 1968.
It was the first republican legislature to be dismissed before its term's natural expiration.
Main chronology
The period of the late 1960s–1970s came to be known as the ''Opposti Estremismi'', (from left-wing and right-wing extremists riots), later renamed ''anni di piombo'' ("
years of lead") because of a wave of political terrorist attacks.
After another short
Leone's government, on 12 December 1968
Mariano Rumor
Mariano Rumor (; 16 June 1915 – 22 January 1990) was an Italian politician and statesman. A member of the Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy (DC), he served as the List of prime ministers of Italy, 39th Prime Minister of Italy fr ...
sworn is as Prime Minister for the first time, leading a
government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
composed by DC, PSU and PRI.
![Governo Rumor III presentazione](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Governo_Rumor_III_presentazione.jpg)
Between 1968 and 1970 a notable number of progressive reforms were carried out. On 11 December 1969 a new law extended access to higher education to all
student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution.
In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementar ...
s holding a higher secondary school diploma. It was formerly limited to students who came from classical, and in some cases, scientific, curricula. Another bill, approved on 30 April 1969, introduced broad provisions covering pensions under the general scheme. The multiplying coefficient was increased to 1.85%, applied to average earnings of the best 3 years in the last 5 years of work (maximum pension, after 40 years of contribution: 74% of previous earnings). A social pension was also introduced for people over the age of 65 with low incomes and not eligible for any type of pension. In addition, cost of living indexation for all pensions (with the exception of social pensions) was introduced.
Rumor led three different governments. The second one, from August 1969 to February 1970, was a DC-only government; its collapse led to a 45-day long period without government. After this period, which included an attempt by former Prime Minister
Amintore Fanfani
Amintore Fanfani (; 6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War an ...
to form a government, Rumor led a new coalition with PSI, PRI and PSDI from March until July 1970.
After another
centre-left
Centre-left politics lean to the left on the left–right political spectrum but are closer to the centre than other left-wing politics. Those on the centre-left believe in working within the established systems to improve social justice. The c ...
government led by
Emilio Colombo
Emilio Colombo (11 April 1920 – 24 June 2013) was an Italian politician, member of the Christian Democracy, who served as Prime Minister of Italy from August 1970 to February 1972.
During his long political career, Colombo held many offices ...
, in February 1972
Giulio Andreotti
Giulio Andreotti ( , ; 14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st prime minister of Italy in seven governments (1972–1973, 1976–1979, and 1989–1992) and leader of the Christian Democra ...
was asked to form a new government which didn't obtained the confidence of the Parliament. On 28 February 1972 President
Giovanni Leone
Giovanni Leone (; 3 November 1908 – 9 November 2001) was an Italian politician, jurist, and university professor. A founding member of the Christian Democracy (DC), Leone served as the President of Italy from December 1971 until June 1978. H ...
dismissed the Parliament and called the first
snap election
A snap election is an election that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled.
Generally, a snap election in a parliamentary system (the dissolution of parliament) is called to capitalize on an unusual electoral opportunity or to ...
in the history of the Italian Republic.
Presidential election
On 9 December 1971 the Parliament and the representatives of the 20
Italian regions
The regions of Italy ( it, regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which have higher autonomy than the rest. U ...
met
to elect the fifth President of Italy. On 24 December 1971 the Christian democrat
Giovanni Leone
Giovanni Leone (; 3 November 1908 – 9 November 2001) was an Italian politician, jurist, and university professor. A founding member of the Christian Democracy (DC), Leone served as the President of Italy from December 1971 until June 1978. H ...
was elected on the twenty-third ballot with 518 votes out of 1008.
Government
Parliamentary composition
Chamber of Deputies
![Alessandro Pertini daticamera 1968](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Alessandro_Pertini_daticamera_1968.jpg)
*
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
:
Sandro Pertini
Alessandro "Sandro" Pertini (; 25 September 1896 – 24 February 1990) was an Italian socialist politician who served as the president of Italy from 1978 to 1985.
Early life
Born in Stella (Province of Savona) as the son of a wealthy landown ...
(PSI), elected on 5 June 1968
* Vice Presidents:
Guido Gonella
Guido Gonella (18 September 1905 – 19 August 1982) was an Italian politician from the Christian Democracy, former Minister of Public Education and Minister of Justice.
Biography Academic career
Gonella graduated in Philosophy at the Cathol ...
(DC, until 24 June 1968),
Benigno Zaccagnini
Benigno Zaccagnini (; 17 April 1912 – 5 November 1989) was an Italian politician and physician.
Biography
Born in Faenza, he graduated in Pediatrics in 1937. During World War II he acted as partisan, collaborating with Arrigo Boldrini in ...
(DC),
Lucio Mario Luzzatto (PSIUP),
Arrigo Boldrini
Arrigo Boldrini (6 September 1915 – 22 January 2008) was an Italian politician and partisan, one of the most prominent figures of the Italian resistance movement, president of National Association of Italian Partisans for almost 60 years.
Bio ...
(PCI),
Roberto Lucifredi (DC, from 24 July 1968)
Senate of the Republic
![Amintore Fanfani Senato](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Amintore_Fanfani_Senato.jpg)
*
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
:
Amintore Fanfani
Amintore Fanfani (; 6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War an ...
(DC), elected on 5 June 1968
* Vice Presidents:
Giuseppe Spataro
Giuseppe Spataro (12 June 1897 – 30 January 1979) was an Italian politician.
Biography
Spataro was born in Vasto, Italy to Anna and Alfonso Nasci, who were a high-class Italian family, in the urban center within the province Chieti.
Afte ...
(DC),
Domenico Macaggi (PSI, till 9 March 1969),
Pietro Secchia
Pietro Secchia (19 December 1903 – 7 July 1971) was an Italian politician, anti-fascist partisan leader and a prominent leader of the Italian Communist Party.
Biography
Early life
Secchia was born into a working-class family. His father wa ...
(PCI),
Pietro Caleffi (PSI, from 13 May 1970),
Italo Viglianesi
Italo Viglianesi (1 January 1916 – 19 January 1995) was an Italian trade unionist politician and syndicalist.
Viglianesi was born in Caltagirone, Italy. In 1950, he was one of the founders and first general secretary of Italian Labour Union ...
(PSI, from 26 March 1970)
Senators for Life
Gallery
File:Leone Pertini 1968.jpg, Giovanni Leone with Sandro Pertini, President of the Chamber of Deputies, in June 1968
File:Governo Rumor III.jpg, Confidence vote on Rumor III Cabinet at the Chamber of Deputies in March 1970
File:Parlamento Italiano Giuramento di Giovanni Leone.jpg, Giovanni Leone presidential inauguration on 29 December 1971
References
{{Legislatures of Italy
Legislatures of Italy
1968 establishments in Italy
1972 disestablishments in Italy