The legal thriller genre is a type of crime fiction genre that focuses on the proceedings of the

investigation Investigation or Investigations may refer to: Law enforcement * Investigation, the work of a detective * Investigation, the work of a private investigator * Criminal investigation, the study of facts, used to identify, locate and prove the guilt ...

, with particular reference to the impacts on

courtroom A courtroom is the enclosed space in which courts of law are held in front of a judge. A number of courtrooms, which may also be known as "courts", may be housed in a courthouse. In recent years, courtrooms have been equipped with audiovisual ...

proceedings and the lives of characters. The courtroom proceedings and legal authorship are ubiquitous characteristics of the legal thriller genre In the genre, lawyers as legal professionals are featured as the supreme hero. Their actions in the courtroom affect the quality of character's lives, as they determine

innocence Innocence is a lack of guilt, with respect to any kind of crime, or wrongdoing. In a legal context, innocence is to the lack of legal guilt of an individual, with respect to a crime. In other contexts, it is a lack of experience. In relation ...

prevailing against injustice. Many legal professionals such as judges and lawyers constitute the primary authorship of the genre, providing their own relevant experiences The legal authorship experience is certified through the novel, Presumed Innocent written by the lawyer and author, Scott Turow. American writers such as

Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist best known for her 1960 novel ''To Kill a Mockingbird''. It won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Lee has received numero ...

experienced her father's dealings as a lawyer. The author, John Grisham as a lawyer also contributes to the development of the legal thriller genre.

Legal language Legal English is the type of English as used in legal writing. In general, a legal language is a formalized language based on logic rules which differs from the ordinary natural language in vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and semantics, as well ...

is also another characteristic of the legal thriller. The television shows, Suits and How to Get Away with Murder embody the legal thriller, characterised by legal language. Novels and television shows of the legal thriller genre have impacted education. Many address complex social justice issues such as racial discrimination and the

death penalty Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...

Television

In Australia, Denmark, and Poland, 62% of law and justice shows were imported from the United States”. Legal thriller television is mostly sourced from the

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

jurisdiction. As American shows dominate the legal thriller genre, the characteristic of legal language has emerged. In the American legal drama, Suits, the character, Harvey mentions the term, “subpoena” consistently. The legal language, commonly French and Latin expressions is central to courtroom proceedings in legal thriller television. There is also other legal language used in the show including terminology such as “affidavit”, “plaintiff”, “defendant”, “malfeasance” and “in lieu”. How To Get Away with Murder is an American television series, categorised in the genre of legal thriller. In the courtroom proceedings of Episode 1: Pilot found within the

List of How to Get Away with Murder episodes ''How to Get Away with Murder'' is an American legal drama television series that premiered on ABC on September 25, 2014. The series follows Annalise Keating, a law professor and criminal defense attorney at Middleton University, who selects five ...

, legal language such as the term, “mens rea” is utilised. The television series features a legal professional as the leading teacher and a group of law students who devise tactics to combat a range of criminal cases and murder mysteries. There is a difficulty for characters to balance personal life and professional success as women, people of color and marginalised individuals in legal thriller television shows. Other legal thriller television in America also consisted of the show The Defenders (1961 TV series). Social justice themes were prevalent within this show and police procedural elements in subsequent shows such as Arrest and Trial. The development of these television shows led to the famous 1990's T.V show creation,

Law & Order ''Law & Order'' is an American police procedural and legal drama television series created by Dick Wolf and produced by Wolf Entertainment, launching the '' Law & Order'' franchise. ''Law & Order'' aired its entire run on NBC, premiering on ...

. There were different categories of legal thriller shows also developed such as courtroom drama, ensemble shows and police, detective dramas. The characters in these shows displayed ardent personality traits when investigating and dealing with complex legal issues of the justice system. Australian legal thriller shows developed in the 1980s and 1990s are classed into categories of adjudication and

punishment Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, meted out by an authority—in contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal law—as a response and deterrent to a particular acti ...

The television shows concerning adjudication and punishment consist of the soap opera, Carson's Law and SeaChange. Both shows feature female lawyers who experience prejudice from males in their legal careers. There are thematic ideas of justice and equality associated with the female lawyer protagonist's fight for change to break the glass ceiling. The inequality of men and women prevalent in the set time of the 1920s contribute to these themes present. In 2014, Australian legal thrillers developed were limited, compared to previous years that are tabulated with “45%”. In Britain, the most dominant form of legal thriller show is in the category of police and detective shows. Examples of these include the Dixon of Dock Green and

The Sweeney ''The Sweeney'' is a 1970s British television police drama focusing on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police specialising in tackling armed robbery and violent crime in London. It stars John Thaw as Detective Ins ...

. Women also played a role in these television shows as evident in Juliet Bravo and

C.A.T.S. Eyes ''C.A.T.S. Eyes'' is a British television series made by TVS for ITV between 1985 and 1987. The series was a spin-off from ''The Gentle Touch'', and saw Jill Gascoine reprise her role as Maggie Forbes, portrayed as having left the police forc ...

. Courtroom drama in Britain featured the series Justice (1971 TV series) as a prominent show, where the courtroom drama played a big role in its characteristic of the legal thriller. As Britain has three legal systems, this distinction was made apparent in the television shows, also highlighting barristers and advocates in wigs as part of the show.

Books

Books of the legal thriller genre include the memoir,

Just Mercy (book) ''Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption'' (2014) is a memoir by American attorney Bryan Stevenson that documents his career defending disadvantaged clients. The book, focusing on injustices in the United States judicial system, alternate ...

by Bryan Stevenson and the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird by

Major authors

Major authors of this genre include the following: * Bryan Stevenson *

* Scott Turow * John Grisham * Michael Connelly * Linda Fairstein *

Paul Levine Paul J. Levine (born January 9, 1948) is an American author of crime fiction, particularly legal thrillers. Levine has written 22 mystery novels which include two series of books known by the names of the protagonists. The ''Jake Lassiter'' ser ...

Patrick Hoffman Patrick Hoffman (born 25 July 1974 in Munich) is a German curler. He is a former World men's silver medallist and a two time European men's champion. He competed at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics on the German team that placed sixth with a 4 ...

Vish Dhamija Vish Dhamija is a British Indian crime-fiction writer. According to the Indian Press he is India's Best Page-Turner and one of the ten most popular Indian thriller authors. He is the only writer of Indian origin listed among the major legal thri ...

Jilliane Hoffman Jilliane Hoffman is an American writer of legal thrillers. She was born on Long Island and attended both undergraduate and law school at St. John's University in Queens, New York. Career Before starting to write, Hoffman experienced the true l ...

Mark Gimenez Mark Gimenez is an author and lawyer from Texas. He specializes in the thriller genre writing, especially legal thrillers. His first novel, ''The Color of Law'', was a New York Times bestseller. He also runs his own solo law practice. Biography ...

* Marcia Clark *

James Grippando James Grippando is an American novelist and lawyer best known as the 2017 winner of the Harper Lee Prize for Legal Fiction.L. Rawles, ''2017 Harper Lee Prize awarded to Boies Schiller lawyer's novel Gone Again,'' ABA Journal (July 12, 2017). Biog ...

Films

Legal thriller films provide introspection into the life of a lawyer and legal professionals. Within films, the central character is often engaged in professional work and experiences an obstacle that they have to overcome such as a client's case. The character confronts problems with their personal life and work, as it is under threat by the complex case, creating a series of action and courtroom battles. The problems that characters faced are evident within reviews of films such as '' The Judge'', where family dynamics are strained after a lawyer returns home for his mother's funeral. Reviews from the New York Times comment on the film's transformation into a crime story, characteristic of the legal thriller. The film itself unfolds the legal thriller's ideal courtroom drama style and the film is taken place in what is deemed as a "nostalgia-tinged town". Further films such as '' The Lincoln Lawyer'' have also met similar reviews from Roger Ebert, commenting on the love of three elements in the film: courtroom scene, old cars and tangled criminals. The 2019 film, '' Dark Waters'' raises an ethical dilemma of lawyers often choosing sides within films, as the defence lawyer has to switch sides to defend a poisoned community. He risks his own future, community and life through dealing with the case, characteristic of the legal thriller. By combining the elements of film and law together, the relationship becomes central to the audience. It is through film techniques, images, symbols and social functions that legal thriller films can make an impact on the audience. The film '' Mangrove'' shows the inequalities and injustices prevalent through Britain's Caribbean history.

Steve McQueen Terrence Stephen McQueen (March 24, 1930November 7, 1980) was an American actor. His antihero persona, emphasized during the height of the counterculture of the 1960s, made him a top box-office draw for his films of the late 1950s, 1960s, and 1 ...

was the first black director of an Academy winning best picture with ''

12 Years a Slave ''Twelve Years a Slave'' is an 1853 memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup as told to and written by David Wilson. Northup, a black man who was born free in New York state, details himself being tricked to go to Washington, D.C., ...

''. The five-part anthology, featuring ''Mangrove'' as the first visualises courtroom drama and heroism, characterising the legal thriller genre. McQueen made his film resemble a landmark of the civil rights trial against black activists. The film uses the characteristics of the legal thriller genre through a powerhouse courtroom drama and focusing on racial justice. The power divide between two opposing sides is intended to shape transformative victory, as audiences can learn about diversity. ''

A Fall from Grace ''A Fall from Grace'' is a 2020 American thriller film produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry and his first to be released by Netflix. The film follows a woman who finds a dangerous new love and the novice attorney who defends her in a se ...

'' also features the challenge often taken by lawyers in legal thriller films. For example, a young public defender has to handle the challenging case of a woman charged with murdering her husband. The film features elements of a conventional courtroom drama such as the heroic lawyer, shady characters and a law firm setting. Within the film, there are plot twists, characteristic of the legal thriller genre. Furthermore, the film '' Law'' has ample court scenes and features a character taking on the fight for justice. The film defies the stereotypical expectations of women through featuring the main character as a woman who wants to speak openly about gang rape victimisation. The recognition of injustice is another emerging aspect of legal thriller films. '' Marshall'' is another example of a legal thriller film, where the lawyer is feature as the main character, travelling the country on behalf of the

NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E.&nb ...

to defend black men who are accused of crimes. The film features a courtroom scene where violence occurs in retrieving the confession of a client and the difficulty to obtain the truth. Flashbacks are used as a key film technique to craft outrage as revealed by a film review. The courtroom scenes are considered suspenseful and the setting of the 1940s shows a stage where people threw a facade with fake costumes and bright lights. Racism is exposed as a key social justice issue explored where the truth demands a voice. The following table summarises films that are categorised in the legal thriller genre:

Impact of genre

The legal thriller genre has impacted culture, schools, and universities. As an example, the novel, ''To Kill A Mockingbird'' is acclaimed for inspiring American culture. Harper Lee has provided a new understanding of the Southern women voice, as Eichelberger, Professor of Southern Literature at the College of Charleston stated people “didn’t really understand the South and looked down upon it…” In addition, the novel as a legal thriller worldwide sale topped 40 million and won numerous prizes such as the

Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize () is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature, and musical composition within the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made h ...

. The novel also translated into a film, receiving nominations in various categories such as best actress, music and cinematography and won the 1963 Oscars. It has impacted schools through becoming a part of the syllabus reading list for learning, as it addresses timeless concepts of racism and social injustice, relevant to America. Scott Turow's novel, Presumed Innocent was an explosive bestseller in 1987. His story introduced the sub-genre of the legal thriller through incorporating aspects of the criminal trial process. The core inspiration of Turow's work is the examination of a witness during a trial, the story stemming from the lawyer's own experiences. Legal thriller books instigate the need for equality. The National Public Radio provides coverage of the legal thriller memoir,

. Brian Stevenson provides insight into shaping the need for equality within America, as there has been a hundred years of

supremacism Supremacism is the belief that a certain group of people is superior to all others. The supposed superior people can be defined by age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, language, social class, ideology, nation, culture, ...

and violence against black people in America. The film, '' Just Mercy'' raises the themes of equality and justice for the racial injustice against black African Americans in the United States of America. It has introduced the social issue of the death penalty, as American people disapproved of it after watching the film. The legal thriller enlightens hope that complex social issues such as the death penalty have the potential to change. Suits, as a legal thriller has shaped “interpersonal loyalty” wrecked by American pursuits of power and wealth. There is progressive impact on depicting race and gender equality, as they made the head an African American woman and use female lawyers. The television show, How to Get Away with Murder depicts the complexities of race and the LGBTQ community. Characters in the series such as the African American lawyer, Annalise Keating, played by the actor, Viola Davis represents racial diversity. The character, Oliver Hampton, (

Conrad Ricamora Conrad Wayne Ricamora (born February 17, 1979) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Oliver Hampton on the ABC television series ''How to Get Away with Murder'' (2014–20). As a stage actor, he is noted for his roles in th ...

) advocates for the marginalised members in the LGBTQ community. The film, '' Marshall'' was based on the history of a lawyer named Marshall who created the NAACP Legal Defence fund. He was devoted to identifying cases that would change history. The film has made a great impact on audiences, as it has a turned a real-life hero to the all-time star of a courtroom drama. This is revealed in a film review, where it states the legal thriller has a created a real-life superhero for audiences to gain inspiration. Furthermore, using the idealistic approach of a young lawyer creates a compelling courtroom drama. The elements of historical racism embedded within the film dates back to the 1950s and has created a riveting, touching tale on audiences. Throughout the popular culture of legal thriller films, there have been variations in the character representations of lawyers. The character representation of lawyers affect audiences both negatively and positively. The positive impact is the level of heroism performed by lawyers in saving their client's case. Negative representations are associated with the representation of lawyers as villains and distrustful. The representations are reflective of lawyers declining after the American Revolution. As many films, novels and shows are produced within the genre, audiences have the ability to choose the images of the lawyer that they like. The process of revealing these images is through showing the beginning action, the action itself and the consequences of the lawyer's actions.

References

External links

10 Best Legal Thrillers That Bring The Courtroom Drama

15 Must-Read Legal Thrillers
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20 Best Legal Thrillers of the Last 20 Years

The best legal thrillers (that aren’t by John Grisham)

Be Guilty Of Reading The Best Legal Thrillers of 2019
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How To Write a Legal Thriller

Elements of a Legal Thriller

Law and Literature: Legal Thrillers

Redefining the Legal "Thriller"

Brief History of the Legal Thriller

When Is A Legal Thriller Not a Legal Thriller?
{{DEFAULTSORT:Legal Thriller

Legal Thriller films Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

Legal films by genre

Legal television series Law is a set of rules that are created and are law enforcement, enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. ...

Crime fiction Film genres Thriller genres Thrillers