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The Leeuwenhoek Lecture is a prize lecture of the
Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...
to recognize achievement in
microbiology Microbiology () is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, prot ...
. The prize was originally given in 1950 and awarded annually, but from 2006 to 2018 was given triennially. From 2018 it will be awarded biennially. The prize is named after the Dutch microscopist
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek ( ; ; 24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. A largely self-taught man in science, he is commonly known as " the ...
and was instituted in 1948 from a bequest from George Gabb. A gift of £2000 is associated with the lecture.


Leeuwenhoek Lecturers

The following is a list of Leeuwenhoek Lecture award winners along with the title of their lecture:


21st Century

* 2022
Sjors Scheres Sjors Hendrik Willem Scheres Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (born 1975) is a Dutch scientist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, UK. Education Scheres studied Chemistry at Utrecht University in The Netherlands, and spent nin ...
, ''for ground-breaking contributions and innovations in image analysis and reconstruction methods in electron cryo-microscopy, enabling the structure determination of complex macromolecules of fundamental biological and medical importance to atomic resolution'' * 2020 Geoffrey L. Smith, ''for his studies of poxviruses which has had major impact in wider areas, notably vaccine development, biotechnology, host-pathogen interactions and innate immunity'' * 2018
Sarah Cleaveland Sarah Cleaveland is a veterinary surgeon and Professor of Comparative Epidemiology at the University of Glasgow. Education Cleaveland obtained a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (VetMB) degree from the University of Cambridge in 1988 followed ...
, ''Can we make rabies history? Realising the value of research for the global elimination of rabies'' * 2015 Jeffrey Errington, ''for his seminal discoveries in relation to the cell cycle and cell morphogenesis in bacteria'' * 2012 Brad Amos, ''How new science is transforming the optical microscope'' * 2010 Robert Gordon Webster, ''Pandemic Influenza: one flu over the cuckoo's nest'' * 2006 Richard Anthony Crowther, '' Microscopy goes cold: frozen viruses reveal their structural secrets''. * 2005
Keith Chater Keith Frederick Chater FRS (born 23 April 1944) is a British microbiologist, and John Innes Foundation Emeritus Fellow, at John Innes Centre. He is a member of Faculty of 1000. He is honorary professor at University of East Anglia. Career Chater ...
, ''Streptomyces inside out: a new perspective on the bacteria that provide us with antibiotics''. * 2004 David Sherratt, ''A bugs life'' * 2003
Brian Spratt Brian (sometimes spelled Bryan in English) is a male given name of Irish and Breton origin, as well as a surname of Occitan origin. It is common in the English-speaking world. It is possible that the name is derived from an Old Celtic word me ...
, ''Bacterial populations and bacterial disease'' * 2002 Stephen West, '' DNA repair from microbes to man'' * 2001
Robin Weiss Robert Anthony "Robin" Weiss (born 20 February 1940) is a British molecular biologist, Professor of Viral Oncology at University College London and a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Research His research has focussed on retroviruses, ...
, ''From Pan to pandemic: animal to human infections''


20th Century

* 2000
Howard Dalton Sir Howard Dalton, FRS (8 February 1944 – 12 January 2008) was a British microbiologist. He served as the Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) from March 2002 to September 2007. Educ ...
, ''The natural and unnatural history of methane-oxidising bacteria'' * 1999
Peter C. Doherty Peter Charles Doherty (born 15 October 1940) is an Australian immunologist and Nobel laureate. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkerna ...
, ''Killer T cells and virus infections'' * 1998 George A.M. Cross, ''The genetics and cell biology of antigenic variation in trypanosomes'' * 1997
Peter Biggs Peter Biggs was the senior special effects technician for the movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit and a number of Hollywood films during the 1980s. Filmography * A Kiss Before Dying (1991) – Special effects technician * Who Framed Roger Rabbit (198 ...
, ''Mareks disease, tumours and prevention'' * 1996 Julian Davies, ''Microbial molecular diversity - function, evolution and applications'' * 1995 John Guest, ''Adaptation to life without oxygen'' * 1994
Keith Vickerman Keith Vickerman FRS FRSE FMedSci (21 March 1933 – 28 June 2016) was a British zoologist born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire. He was Regius Professor of Zoology in the University of Glasgow, 1984–98.‘VICKERMAN, Prof. Keith’, Who's Who 201 ...
, ''The opportunistic parasite'' * 1993 Fred Brown, ''Peptide vaccines, dream or reality''. * 1992 John Postgate, ''Bacterial evolution and the nitrogen-fixing plant'' * 1991 Harry Smith, ''The influence of the host on microbes that cause disease'' * 1990
John Skehel Sir John James Skehel, (born 27 February 1941) is a British virologist and Emeritus scientist at the Francis Crick Institute in London. From 1987 to 2006 he was director of the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) at Mill Hill which ...
, ''How enveloped viruses enter cells'' * 1989
Piet Borst Piet may refer to: People *Piet (given name), a common name in the Netherlands and South Africa *Henri Piet (1888–1915), French lightweight boxer *Tony Piet (1906–1981), American Major League Baseball player Schools *Purushottam Institute of ...
, ''Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes'' * 1988
Alfred Rupert Hall Alfred Rupert Hall (1920–2009) was a prominent British historian of science, known as editor of a collection of Isaac Newton's unpublished scientific papers (1962), and Newton's correspondence, in 1977. Life Hall was born near Stoke-on-Trent ...
, ''Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) and Anglo-Dutch collaboration'' * 1987 David Alan Hopwood, ''Towards an understanding of gene switching in streptomyces, the basis of sporulation and antibiotic production'' * 1986
William Fleming Hoggan Jarrett William "Bill" Fleming Hoggan Jarrett, RCVS, FRCPath, FRCPG, FRS (1928–2011) was a British pathologist. Personal life Bill was born on 2 January 1928 in Glasgow. He studied at Lenzie Academy, Glasgow, and Glasgow Veterinary College. His fathe ...
, ''Environmental carcinogens and paillomaviruses in the pathogenesis of cancer''. * 1985 Kenneth Murray, ''A molecular biologist's view of viral hepatitis'' * 1984 William Duncan Paterson Stewart, ''The functional organisation of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria''. * 1983 Michael Anthony Epstein, ''A prototype vaccine to prevent Epstein-Barr (E.B.) virus-associated tumours''. * 1982
Hamao Umezawa was a Japanese scientist who discovered several antimicrobial agents and enzyme inhibitors. Umezawa was born in Obama, Fukui, Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, as the second son in a family of seven children. After graduating from Musashi Junior and ...
, ''Studies of microbial products in rising to the challenge of curing cancer'' * 1981 Frank William Ernest Gibson, ''The biochemical and genetic approach to the study of bioenergetics with the use of Escherichia coli: progress and prospects.'' * 1980 David Arthur John Tyrrell, ''Is it a virus?'' * 1979 Patricia Hannah Clarke, ''Experiments in microbial evolution: new enzymes, new metabolic activities.'' * 1978
Hugh John Forster Cairns Hugh John Forster Cairns Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (21 November 1922 – 12 November 2018) was a British physician and molecular biologist who made significant contributions to molecular genetics, cancer research, and public health. Cai ...
, ''Bacteria as proper subjects for cancer research''. * 1977 Francois Jacob, ''Mouse teratocarcinoma and mouse embryo''. * 1976 Geoffrey Herbert Beale, ''The varied contributions of protozoa to genetical knowledge'' * 1975
Joel Mandelstam Joel Mandelstam FRS (13 November 1919 – 20 December 2008) was a British microbiologist, a Professor, at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Linacre College, Oxford. He was a pioneer in using bacteria to study fundamental biological ph ...
, ''Bacterial sporulation: a problem in the biochemistry and genetics of a primitive development system''. * 1974
Renato Dulbecco Renato Dulbecco ( , ; February 22, 1914 – February 19, 2012) was an Italian–American virologist who won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on oncoviruses, which are viruses that can cause cancer when they infect anima ...
, ''The control of cell growth regulation by tumour-inducing viruses: a challenging problem''. * 1973
Aaron Klug Sir Aaron Klug (11 August 1926 – 20 November 2018) was a British biophysicist and chemist. He was a winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of bio ...
, ''The structure and assembly of regular viruses'' * 1972
Hans Leo Kornberg Sir Hans Leo Kornberg, FRS (14 January 1928 – 16 December 2019) was a British-American biochemist. He was Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry in the University of Cambridge from 1975 to 1995, and Master of Christ's College, Cambridg ...
, ''Carbohydrate transport by micro-organisms'' * 1971 Michael George Parke Stoker, ''Tumour viruses and the sociology of fibroblasts'' * 1970
Philip Herries Gregory Philip Herries Gregory (24 July 1907, Exmouth, Devon, UK – 9 February 1986) was a British mycologist and phytopathologist. He established an international reputation as a pioneer of aerobiology and a leading expert on the liberation and dispers ...
, ''Airborne microbes: their significance and distribution'' * 1969
Jacques Lucien Monod Jacques Lucien Monod (February 9, 1910 – May 31, 1976) was a French biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965, sharing it with François Jacob and André Lwoff "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of en ...
, ''Cellular and molecular cybernetics''. * 1968
Gordon Elliott Fogg Gordon Elliott Fogg (26 April 1919 – 30 January 2005) was a British biologist. Early life He was born in Langar, Nottinghamshire and educated at Dulwich College and Queen Mary College, London. Career During WW2 he assisted in a national sur ...
, ''The physiology of an algal nuisance'' * 1967
James Baddiley Sir James Baddiley FRS FRSE (15 May 1918, in Manchester – 17 November 2008, in Cambridge) was a British biochemist. Early life and education Baddiley was born and brought up in Manchester. His father was director of research at the ICI ...
, ''Teichoic acids and the molecular structure of bacterial walls'' * 1966
Percy Wragg Brian Percy Wragg Brian FRS FRSE CBE (5 September 1910 – 17 August 1979) was a British botanist and mycologist. He was critical to the development of plant pathology and natural antibiotics such as Gibberellin and Griseofulvin. Life He was born in ...
, ''Obligate parasitism in fungi'' * 1965 William Hayes, ''Some controversial aspects of bacterial sexuality'' * 1964 Donald Devereux Woods, ''A pattern of research with two bacterial growth factors'' * 1963 Norman Wingate Pirie, ''The size of small organisms'' * 1962
Guido Pontecorvo Guido Pellegrino Arrigo Pontecorvo FRS FRSE (29 November 1907 – 25 September 1999) was an Italian-born Scottish geneticist. Life Guido Pontecorvo was born on 29 November 1907 in Pisa into a family of wealthy Italian industrialists. He was on ...
, ''Microbial genetics: achievements and prospects'' * 1961
Frank John Fenner Frank John Fenner (21 December 1914 – 22 November 2010) was an Australian scientist with a distinguished career in the field of virology. His two greatest achievements are cited as overseeing the eradication of smallpox, and the attempted con ...
, ''Interactions between poxviruses'' * 1960 Andre Michel Lwoff, ''Viral functions'' * 1959 Frederick Charles Bawden, ''Viruses: retrospect and prospect'' * 1958
David Keilin David Keilin FRS (21 March 1887 – 27 February 1963) was a Jewish scientist focusing mainly on entomology. Background and education He was born in Moscow in 1887 and his family returned to Warsaw early in his youth. He did not attend scho ...
, ''The problem of anabiosis or latent life: history and current concepts'' * 1957 Wilson Smith, ''Virus-host cell interactions'' * 1956 Ernest Frederick Gale, ''The biochemical organization of the bacterial cell'' * 1955 Henry Gerard Thornton, ''The ecology of micro-organisms in soil''. * 1954 Juda Hirsch Quastel, ''Soil metabolism'' * 1953
Kenneth Manley Smith Kenneth is an English given name and surname. The name is an Anglicised form of two entirely different Gaelic personal names: ''Cainnech'' and '' Cináed''. The modern Gaelic form of ''Cainnech'' is ''Coinneach''; the name was derived from a b ...
, ''Some aspects of the behaviour of certain viruses in their hosts and of their development in the cell''. * 1952 Albert Jan Kluyver, ''The changing appraisal of the microbe'' * 1951 Christopher Howard Andrewes, ''The place of viruses in nature'' * 1950 Paul Gordon Fildes, ''The development of microbiology''.


References

{{Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Biology education in the United Kingdom Microbiology organizations Royal Society lecture series