Lee R. Kump is a professor of geosciences at Pennsylvania State University and a fellow of the

American Geophysical Union The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's act ...

. He is currently the Dean of the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at Pennsylvania State University. His research interests include biogeochemical cycles, environmental biogeochemistry, and atmosphere/ocean evolution. With

James Kasting James Fraser Kasting (born January 2, 1953) is an American geoscientist and Distinguished Professor of Geosciences at Penn State University. Kasting is active in NASA's search for habitable extrasolar planets. He is considered a world leader in ...

, he is the co-author of the popular textbook ''The Earth System''. Kump highlights the relationship between the

climate crisis ''Climate crisis'' is a term describing global warming and climate change, and their impacts. The term and the alternative term ''climate emergency'' have been used to describe the threat of global warming to humanity (and their planet), and to u ...

and mass extinction in Earth's history: “The rate at which we’re injecting CO₂ into the atmosphere today, according to our best estimates, is 10 times faster than it was during the End-Permian ..And rates matter. So today we’re creating a very difficult environment for life to adapt, and we’re imposing that change maybe 10 times faster than the worst events in earth’s history.”

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Living people Year of birth missing (living people) {{academic-stub