Lecanicillium Muscarium
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''Lecanicillium muscarium'' is the approved name of an
entomopathogenic fungus An entomopathogenic fungus is a fungus that can kill or seriously disable insects. Typical life cycle These fungi usually attach to the external body surface of insects in the form of microscopic spores (usually asexual, mitosporic spores also ...
species, that was previously widely known as ''
Verticillium ''Verticillium'' is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota, and are an anamorphic form of the family Plectosphaerellaceae. The genus used to include diverse groups comprising saprobes and parasites of higher plants, insects, nematodes, mo ...
lecanii'' (Zimmerman) Viegas), but is now understood to be an anamorphic form in the '' Cordyceps'' group of genera in the
Cordycipitaceae The Cordycipitaceae are a family of parasitic fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes and order Hypocreales. The family was first published in 1969 by mycologist Hanns Kreisel, but the naming was invalid according to the code of Internatio ...
. It now appears that
isolate Isolate may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Isolate'' (film), a 2013 Australian film * ''Isolate'' (Circus Maximus album), 2007 * ''Isolate'' (Gary Numan album), 1992 Language * Isolating language, with near-unity morpheme/word ...
s formerly classified as ''V. lecanii'' could be ''L. attenuatum, L. lecanii, L. longisporum, L. muscarium'' or ''L. nodulosum''. For example, several recent papers, such as Kouvelis ''et al.'' carried out mitochondrial DNA studies, refer to this name. This fungus was first described in 1861 and has a worldwide distribution.
Insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three ...
s are infected when they come into contact with the sticky fungal
spores In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, ...
which then grow and invade the body, thus the internal organs are consumed, leading to their death. In
horticulture Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...
and
agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
, the ''Lecanicillium'' ''muscarium''
isolate Isolate may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Isolate'' (film), a 2013 Australian film * ''Isolate'' (Circus Maximus album), 2007 * ''Isolate'' (Gary Numan album), 1992 Language * Isolating language, with near-unity morpheme/word ...
(isolate GCRI 19–79) was first developed by scientists, Drs Richard A Hall and HD Burges at the Glasshouse Crops Research Institute (now Warwick HRI: formerly part of
Horticulture Research International Warwick HRI (formerly Horticulture Research International) was a United Kingdom organisation tasked with carrying out horticultural research and development and transferring the results to industry in England. History Horticulture Research Intern ...
).


Important Isolates

''L. muscarium'' isolate Ve6 (GCRI 19–79; IMI 268317; ARSEF 5128; CBS 102 071) is marketed as 'Mycotal' and has been re-registered in the EU: especially for control of whiteflies such as ''
Trialeurodes vaporariorum ''Trialeurodes vaporariorum'', commonly known as the glasshouse whitefly or greenhouse whitefly, is an insect that inhabits the world's temperate regions. Like various other whiteflies, it is a primary insect pest of many fruit, vegetable and o ...
'' and
thrips Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are ...
by Koppert in the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
, who provide good illustrations of the fungus. Commercialisation of the fungus and registration in the UK, in the form of 'Mycotal', was originally through the collaboration of the Glasshouse Crops Research Institute and Tate and Lyle Ltd (UK). Other products, possibly based on this fungus have been developed elsewhere for use in
cash crops A cash crop or profit crop is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit. It is typically purchased by parties separate from a farm. The term is used to differentiate marketed crops from staple crop (or "subsistence crop") in subsiste ...
,
oil seeds Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of fruits. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are ''mixtures'' of triglycerides. Soybean oil, grape seed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fat ...
, soybeans, ornamentals and vegetables.Copping L.G. (ed.) (2009). ''The Manual of Biocontrol Agents'' 4th Edition. British Crop Production Council (BCPC), Farnham, Surrey UK; 851 pp.


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q6511480 Biopesticides Cordycipitaceae Fungi described in 2001