The Lebanese Liberation Front (LLF;

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

: جبهة التحرير اللبنانية transliterated as ''Jabhat al-Tahrir al-Lubnaniyya''; French: ''Front de Liberation Libanais'', ''FLL'') was an underground terrorist group of nationalist trend formed in February 1987.

Activities 1987-1990

Also designated the Lebanese Liberation Organization (LLO;

: ''Al-Tanzim al-Tahrir al-Lubnaniyya''; French: ''Organisation de Liberation Libanais'', ''OLL'') this mysterious organization appears to have combined a variety of grievances against Syria,

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

and

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

policies over

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...

. In the late 1980s the LLF/LLO was responsible for a series of guerrilla attacks directed against Syrian Army troops stationed in Lebanese territory and although their only single action carried outside the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...

was in

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

, their motivations to attack a Canadian target and significance to the group's overall objectives remains unclear. The Lebanese Liberation Front ceased its guerrilla activities in 1989, though is presumed that it remained active at least until the mid-1990s.

References

Edgar O'Ballance Major Edgar “Paddy” O'Ballance (17 July 1918, Dublin, Ireland – 8 July 2009, Wakebridge, Derbyshire, England) was an Irish-born British military journalist, researcher, defence commentator and academic lecturer specialising in intern ...

, ''Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92'', Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. * Rex Brynen, ''Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon'', Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. �

*

Robert Fisk Robert Fisk (12 July 194630 October 2020) was a writer and journalist who held British and Irish citizenship. He was critical of United States foreign policy in the Middle East, and the Israeli government's treatment of Palestinians. His stan ...

, ''Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War'', London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001). �

Activities 1987-1990

See also

References

Further reading