Lead(II) titanate is an inorganic compound with the

chemical formula In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbol ...

PbTiO₃. It is the

lead Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cu ...

salt Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in the form of a natural crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quant ...

of titanic acid. Lead(II) titanate is a yellow powder that is

insoluble In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solubil ...

water Water (chemical formula ) is an Inorganic compound, inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and Color of water, nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living ...

. At high temperatures, lead titanate adopts a cubic

perovskite structure A perovskite is any material with a crystal structure following the formula ABX3, which was first discovered as the mineral called perovskite, which consists of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mou ...

. At 760 K, the material undergoes a second order

phase transition In chemistry, thermodynamics, and other related fields, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states o ...

to a tetragonal perovskite structure which exhibits ferroelectricity. Lead titanate is one of the end members of the

lead zirconate titanate Lead zirconate titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (0≤''x''≤1), commonly abbreviated as PZT. Also called lead zirconium titanate, it is a ceramic perovskite material that shows a marked piezoelectric effect, meaning ...

(, , PZT) system, which is technologically one of the most important ferroelectric and

piezoelectric Piezoelectricity (, ) is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials—such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA, and various proteins—in response to applied mechanical stress. The word '' ...

ceramics; PbTiO₃ has a high ratio of k33 to kp with a high kt. Lead titanate occurs in nature as mineral

macedonite Macedonite is a mineral named by Radusinović and Markov in 1971. It has the elemental formula PbTiO3 and exhibits tetragonal crystal system. The type locality is near Crni Kamen, Selecka Planina, Prilep Municipality, North Macedonia. It can be ...

Toxicity

Lead titanate is toxic, like other lead compounds. It irritates

skin Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different de ...

mucous membrane A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue. It i ...

s and eyes. It may also cause harm to unborn babies and might have effects on fertility.

Solubility in water

The solubility of hydrothermally-synthesized perovskite-phase PbTiO₃ in water was experimentally determined at 25 and 80 °C to depend on pH and vary from 4.9x10⁻⁴ mol/kg at pH≈3, to 1.9x10⁻⁴ mol/kg at pH≈7.7, to "undetectable" (<3.2x10⁻⁷ mol/kg) in the range 10incongruent and was quantified as the analytical concentration of Pb.Jooho Moon, Melanie L. Carasso, Henrik G. Krarup, Jeffrey A. Kerchner, "Particle-shape control and formation mechanisms of hydrothermally derived lead titanate", Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 14, No.3, March 199

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References

{{Titanium compounds Lead(II) compounds Titanates Ferroelectric materials Perovskites