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A law review or law journal is a
scholarly journal An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and d ...
or publication that focuses on legal issues. A law review is a type of
legal periodical A legal periodical is a periodical about law. Legal periodicals include legal newspapers, law review A law review or law journal is a scholarly journal or publication that focuses on legal issues. A law review is a type of legal periodical. ...
. Law reviews are a source of research, imbedded with analyzed and referenced legal topics; they also provide a scholarly analysis of emerging law concepts from various topics. Law reviews are generated in almost all law bodies/institutions worldwide. However, in recent years, some have claimed that the traditional influence of law reviews is declining. Unlike other scholarly journals, most law journals in the United States and Canada are housed at individual
law school A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction. Law degrees Argentina In Argentina, ...
s and are edited by students, not professional scholars. A law school will typically have a "flagship" law review and several secondary journals dedicated to specific topics. For example,
Harvard Law School Harvard Law School (Harvard Law or HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States. Each class ...
's flagship journal is the '' Harvard Law Review'', and it has 16 other secondary journals such as the ''
Harvard Journal of Law & Technology The ''Harvard Journal of Law & Technology'' is a biannual open access law journal, established at Harvard Law School in 1988. It covers all aspects of technology law, including constitutional issues, intellectual property, biotechnology, privacy la ...
'' and the '' Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review''. Membership and editorial positions on law journals, especially flagship law reviews, is competitive and traditionally confers honor and prestige. Selection for law review membership is usually based on a combination of students' grades, their performance on a short article-writing competition, and an examination on ''
Bluebook ''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation'' is a style guide that prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the United States. It is taught and used at a majority of U.S. law schools and is also used in a majority of federal ...
'' legal citation rules.


Overview

The primary function of a law review is to publish scholarship in the field of law. Law reviews publish lengthy, comprehensive treatments of subjects (referred to as "articles"), that are generally written by law professors, judges, or legal practitioners. The shorter pieces, attached to the articles, commonly called "notes" and "comments," are written by
law student Legal education is the education of individuals in the principles, practices, and theory of law. It may be undertaken for several reasons, including to provide the knowledge and skills necessary for admission to legal practice in a particular ...
"members" of the law review. Law review articles often express the thinking of specialists or experts with regard to problems, in a legal setting, with potential solutions to those problems. Historically, law review articles have been influential in the development of the law; they have been frequently cited as persuasive authority by the courts almost worldwide.


In North America

In the US, law reviews are normally edited and published by an organization of students at a
law school A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction. Law degrees Argentina In Argentina, ...
or through a bar association, in close collaboration with faculty members. Law reviews can provide insight and ideas that contribute to the bedrock of jurisprudence. For example, Justice Stanley Mosk of the
Supreme Court of California The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacra ...
admitted that he got the idea for
market share liability Market share liability is a legal doctrine that allows a plaintiff to establish a prima facie case against a group of product manufacturers for an injury caused by a product, even when the plaintiff does not know from which defendant the product ...
from the ''
Fordham Law Review The ''Fordham Law Review'' is a student-run law journal associated with the Fordham University School of Law that covers a wide range of legal scholarship. Overview In 2017, the ''Fordham Law Review'' was the seventh-most cited law journal by ...
'' comment cited extensively in the court's landmark decision in ''
Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories, (1980), was a landmark products liability decision of the Supreme Court of California which pioneered the doctrine of market share liability. Background The plaintiff in ''Sindell'' was a young woman who devel ...
'' (1980). While most American law schools publish general reviews dealing with broad areas of law, some law schools publish specialized reviews, dealing with a particular area of the law, such as civil rights and civil liberties,
international law International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for ...
, environmental law, and human rights. Some specialized reviews focus on statutory, regulatory, and public policy issues.


In Europe

In Europe, law reviews "contribute to legal scholarship on the place of Europe in the world" and "serve as a forum where the national, international and EU perspectives meet and engage." The reviews focus a lot on the themes of "political science and international relations contributions" and how they relate and interact with the complex policies and principles of "EU’s external relations."


In Africa

In Africa, law reviews have focused on a wide range of issues: from "legal pluralism and customary law'" to "issues of international law in the African context," including "legal and institutional regional and sub-regional developments, post conflict resolution, constitutionalism, commercial law and environmental law." Some reviews have fostered a discussion on reforms and changes in political and economic administrations. The Journal of African Law has published articles from LGBT rights in Malawi to the rights of indigenous peoples under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.


Trends

In recent years, a trend has been propagated to have law reviews publish online-only content. Some law journals have abandoned print entirely, instead choosing to publish all of their content only on the Internet. Some earlier debate centered on how slow and ineffectual law reviews have been to keep pace with the rapid changes in law and scholarship trajectory, especially in the US. The underlying premise was that the reviews focused more on constitutional matters (dealt with more at the Supreme Court level) than with the non-constitutional doctrines of jurisprudence that the larger expanse of the lower courts dealt with.


Editorial staff


United States

In the United States, law reviews are typically edited by a certain percentage of the top students in the class or students who are selected to join after successfully completing a “write on competition” at the end of their first year of law school. As law professor Erwin N. Griswold wrote of the ''Harvard Law Review'': "Some people are concerned that a major legal periodical in the United States is edited and managed by students. It is an unusual situation, but it started that way, and it developed mightily from its own strength". During the 1990s, the
American Bar Association The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. Founded in 1878, the ABA's most important stated activities are the setting of aca ...
followed suit and began coordinating its own practitioner journals with law schools, courting student editorial bodies for publications including ''
Administrative Law Review The ''Administrative Law Review'' was established in 1948 and is the official law journal of the American Bar Association Section of Administrative Law & Regulatory Practice. Overview The journal is a quarterly publication managed and edited by ap ...
'', ''
The International Lawyer ''The International Lawyer'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal and the official publication of the American Bar Association's (ABA) Section of International Law and Practice. It was established in 1966 and has been based at Southern Met ...
'', ''
Public Contract Law Journal The ''Public Contract Law Journal'' (cited to as Pub. Cont. L.J.) is the official journal of the American Bar Association Section of Public Contract Law. The journal is published four-times per year addressing legal issues facing the practice of p ...
'', and ''
The Urban Lawyer ''The Urban Lawyer'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal and the official publication of the American Bar Association's (ABA) Section of State and Local Government Law. Published in cooperation with the University of Missouri–Kansas City Sc ...
''. Despite Griswold's confidence in student editors, criticism of this practice continues. In 2004, Judge
Richard Posner Richard Allen Posner (; born January 11, 1939) is an American jurist and legal scholar who served as a federal appellate judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit from 1981 to 2017. A senior lecturer at the University of Chica ...
wrote a critical account entitled "Against the Law Reviews" in the magazine ''Legal Affairs''. However, Posner also wrote that his own time as president of the ''Harvard Law Review'' represented a "Golden Age ... for student-edited law reviews". In 2019, the top 16 law schools in the United States all reported female
editors-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...
of their law reviews. For the first time in history, women led all of the law journals of the most prestigious U.S. law schools.


Canada

In Canada, the fully student-run law reviews (without a Faculty editor-in-chief) include, in order of the frequency they are cited by the Supreme Court of Canada: the ''
McGill Law Journal The ''McGill Law Journal'' is a student-run legal publication at McGill University Faculty of Law in Montreal. It is a not-for-profit corporation independent of the Faculty and it is managed exclusively by students. The ''Journal'' also publishes t ...
'', the ''
Osgoode Hall Law Journal The ''Osgoode Hall Law Journal'' () is a law review affiliated with Osgoode Hall Law School of York University, Toronto, Canada Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,79 ...
'', the ''
Queen's Law Journal The ''Queen's Law Journal'' is a Canadian peer-reviewed law review. The ''Journal'' is published by Queen's University at Kingston in Kingston, Ontario, Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territor ...
'', the ''
Alberta Law Review The ''Alberta Law Review'' is a peer-reviewed law review or legal journal, published quarterly by the Alberta Law Review Society. The Society is a non-profit organization consisting entirely of students from both the University of Alberta Faculty ...
'', ''
University of British Columbia Law Review A university () is an educational institution, institution of higher education, higher (or Tertiary education, tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. Universities ty ...
'', the ''
University of Ottawa Law Review The University of Ottawa Faculty of Law (''French: Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa)'' is the law school at the University of Ottawa, located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1953, the Faculty is today divided into civil law (l ...
'', the ''
Saskatchewan Law Review Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a province in western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dak ...
'', and the ''
University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review The ''University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review'' is a law review at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law, run by law students at the Faculty and publishing scholarly work by law students from any institution. It was first published in 19 ...
''. The country also has several specialized publications run entirely by students.


Europe

Outside North America, student-run law reviews are the exception rather than the norm. In Continental Europe law reviews are almost uniformly edited by academics. However, a small number of student-edited law reviews have recently sprung into existence in Germany (''Ad Legendum'', ''Bucerius Law Journal'', ''Freilaw Freiburg Law Students Journal'', ''
Goettingen Journal of International Law The ''Goettingen Journal of International Law'' (GoJIL) is a jurisprudential online journal published by a student group in the Faculty of Law at the University of Göttingen in cooperation with the Institute of International and European Law in ...
'', ''Hanse Law Review'', Heidelberg Law Review, ''Marburg Law Review''), the Netherlands (''
Ars Aequi Ars or ARS may refer to: Places * Ars, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran * ''Ars'', various communes in France: ** Ars, Charente, in the Charente ''département'' ** Ars, Creuse, in the Creuse ''département'' ** Ars-en-Ré, in t ...
'', ''Groningen Journal of International Law'') and the Czech Republic (''Common Law Review''). Two student-run publications have also been established in Italy: ''
Bocconi Legal Papers Bocconi University School of Law is based at Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, and was formally established in 1999. The school of law is a consolidation of a pre-existing tradition in legal studies at Bocconi University under the aegis of the ...
'', adopting the format of a working paper series, as a way to complement – rather than compete with – peer-reviewed publications and offer scholars an additional round of feedback; ''University of Bologna Law Review'', a double-blind peer reviewed law journal, run by University of Bologna, School of Law students, which follows The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation.


Belgium

In Belgium, the oldest and most prominent student-edited law review is '' Jura Falconis''. It was founded by a group of students from the Law Faculty of the ''
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven KU Leuven (or Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) is a Catholic research university in the city of Leuven, Belgium. It conducts teaching, research, and services in computer science, engineering, natural sciences, theology, humanities, medicine, l ...
'' who, in 1964, conceived the idea of producing their own law journal grafted on the famous American law reviews. Since then, ''Jura Falconis'' has grown into a very solid and most unusual value in the Belgian legal literature.


France

The articles in the leading law reviews in France are written by academics and lawyers, the principal editors are
Dalloz Dalloz is a French publisher that specializes in legal matters and is France's main legal publisher. It was founded by Désiré Dalloz and his brother Armand in 1845. Dalloz was acquired by Groupe de La Cite in 1989. CEP acquired almost complete ...
, LexisNexis, Lamy (part of the international Wolters Kluwer group) and Francis Levebvre.


United Kingdom

Within the United Kingdom, as in much of the Commonwealth outside North America (a notable exception being Australia), all of the leading law reviews are edited and run by academics. The leading law reviews in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth more generally are the ''
Law Quarterly Review The ''Law Quarterly Review'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering common law throughout the world. It was established in 1885 and is published by Sweet & Maxwell. It is one of the leading law journals in the United Kingdom. History The ...
'' (first published 1885), the ''
Modern Law Review The ''Modern Law Review'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Modern Law Review Ltd. and which has traditionally maintained close academic ties with the Law Department of the London School of Economics. ...
'' (first published 1937), the '' Cambridge Law Journal'' (first published 1973), The ''
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies The ''Oxford Journal of Legal Studies'' is a legal journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 1.083, ...
'' (first published 1981) and
Legal Studies Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of Reason#Logical rea ...
(first published 1981). The ''Bracton Law Journal'' (now '' Exeter Law Review'') was the first student-run law review when it began publishing in 1965. Since then, the ''Birkbeck Law Review'', ''Bristol Law Review'', ''Cambridge International Law Journal'', ''Cambridge Student Law Review'', ''Dundee Student Law Review'', ''Durham Law Review'', ''Cardiff Law Review,'' ''Edinburgh Student Law Review'', ''King’s Student Law Review'', ''Warwick Student Law Review'', ''Southampton Student Law Review'', ''Strathclyde Law Review'', the ''UCL Human Rights Review'' and the ''Student Journal of Law'' have also emerged.


Italy

The ''University of Bologna Law Review'' is a student-run law journal published by the Department of Legal Studies of the
University of Bologna The University of Bologna ( it, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy. Founded in 1088 by an organised guild of students (''studiorum''), it is the oldest university in continuo ...
, and officially sponsored by
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP (known as Cleary Gottlieb) is an American multinational law firm headquartered at One Liberty Plaza in New York City. Known as a white shoe law firm, Cleary employs over 1,200 lawyers worldwide. History Th ...
and the International Chamber of Commerce - Italy. Its editorial board is composed of more than 150 members, including students, scholars, and professionals from all over the world. The ''
Trento Student Law Review Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th centur ...
''The Trento Student Law Review
/ref> is a student-run law review based in Trento, Italy. Established in 2017, it published its first issue, titled "Number Zero", in January 2018.http://hosting.unitn.it/ojs/web2/index.php/TheTSLR/issue/view/5 ''
Bocconi Legal Papers Bocconi University School of Law is based at Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, and was formally established in 1999. The school of law is a consolidation of a pre-existing tradition in legal studies at Bocconi University under the aegis of the ...
'' is a student-edited law journal in Italy. It is a project sponsored by Bocconi School of Law and is published by a group of students belonging to the same institution, under the supervision of several faculty advisors.


Ireland

The main professionally edited law reviews in Ireland include the following: *''Bar Review'' *''Commercial Law Practitioner'' *''Construction, Engineering and Energy Law Journal'' *''Conveyancing and Property Law Journal'' *''Dublin University Law Journal'' *''Hibernian Law Journal'' *''Irish Criminal Law Journal'' *''Irish Employment Law Journal'' *''Irish Planning and Environmental Law Journal'' *''Irish Probate Law Journal'' *''
Irish Law Times The ''Irish Law Times'' () is a law journal for practitioners and academic lawyers that covers a range of legal topics. Its forerunner, the ''Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal'' (), was first established in 1865. The journal included law r ...
'' *''Irish Journal of Family Law'' *''Irish Journal of Practice and Procedure'' *''Medico-Legal Journal of Ireland'' *''The Irish Jurist'' The leading student law reviews are the ''Dublin City University Law Review'', the ''
Trinity College Law Review The ''Trinity College Law Review'' (TCLR) is a student-run law review affiliated with Trinity College Dublin School of Law. It is the oldest Irish student edited law journal, published annually every March since 1998. It is available on two onli ...
'', the '' UCD Law Review'', the ''Irish Student Law Review'' and the '' Cork Online Law Review''.


The Netherlands

In the Netherlands, ''
Ars Aequi Ars or ARS may refer to: Places * Ars, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran * ''Ars'', various communes in France: ** Ars, Charente, in the Charente ''département'' ** Ars, Creuse, in the Creuse ''département'' ** Ars-en-Ré, in t ...
'' is one of the few general legal journals. It has been published since 1951. It is edited by students from all faculties of law of Dutch universities, who review and edit submitted articles (''
peer review Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review ...
'' is not common in Dutch law journals). The quality of its publications are considered top-ranked in the Dutch legal discipline. ''Ars Aequi'' publishes articles written by established scholars, researchers and students. The editorial board does however not set different quality standards for student articles. ''Ars Aequi'' has published its Black Issue in 1970, criticizing legal aid. It resulted in reforms of accessible legal aid in the Netherlands.


Nordic countries

In Iceland, ''Úlfljótur Law Review'', has been in publication since 1947. In 2007 it celebrated its 60th anniversary. Since its creation in 1947 it has been edited and run by students at the Department of Law, University of Iceland. ''Úlfljótur Law Review'' is the most senior of all academic journals still in publication at the university and held in great respect by Icelandic jurists and legal scholars. In Finland, ''Helsinki Law Review'', edited by students at the University of Helsinki, has been active since 2007. Earlier, the University of Turku published ''Turku Law Journal'' from 1999 to 2003. Sweden's first law review is ''Juridisk Publikation''. The first number of ''Juridisk Publikation'' was published in April 2009. It originated as a review by students from Stockholm University. It is now delivered to Swedish law students from all universities, as well as to most legal libraries in the country. ''Juridisk Publikation'' is edited by top students from the law schools in Lund, Stockholm Uppsala, Gothenborg and Umeå. The publication is anonymously peer reviewed by a board of leading Swedish legal practitioners and academics. In Norway, the first student edited law review ''Jussens Venner'' was founded in 1952 by students Carsten Smith and Torkel Opsahl (both of whom later became distinguished academics). Occasionally it features peer-reviewed articles, but its editors are composed of one student from the Faculty of Law at the University of Oslo and one student from the Faculty of Law at the University of Bergen. Its articles are mainly related to the curriculum at these universities.


Argentina

In spite of some few exceptions, in Argentina almost all law reviews are run by publishing houses or law professors. In both cases, the involvement of students in the day to day creation of these reviews is fully narrowed. Among these few exceptions, it should be mentioned the case of ''
Revista Lecciones y Ensayos ''Lecciones y Ensayos'' is a biannual law review run by university students and published by the University of Buenos Aires School of Law since 1956.
'', a law review ran by students of the School of Law of the
University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires ( es, Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one of the most prestigi ...
.Revista Lecciones y Ensayos
''website of the University of Buenos Aires School of Law''.


Australia

In Australia, the leading student-edited peer-reviewed academic law reviews are the '' Melbourne University Law Review'', ''
Sydney Law Review The ''Sydney Law Review'' is a peer-reviewed law journal established in 1953. References External links * SydLRev Online Australasian Legal Information Institute The Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) is an institution ...
'', ''
Federal Law Review The ''Federal Law Review'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed law review A law review or law journal is a scholarly journal or publication that focuses on legal issues. A law review is a type of legal periodical. Law reviews are a source of res ...
'', ''
Monash University Law Review The ''Monash University Law Review'' is a scholarly refereed law journal based at the Monash University Faculty of Law. The journal is managed by an editorial committee of Monash University Monash University () is a public research universi ...
'' and ''UNSW Law Journal''. The ''Melbourne University Law Review'' regularly outperforms ''Sydney Law Review'' on impact, citation in journal and cases and combined rankings. These publications are among the most-cited law reviews by the High Court of Australia and among the most cited non-US reviews by US journals. The top international law journal in Australia is the '' Melbourne Journal of International Law'', also a student-edited peer-reviewed academic law review.


Brazil

In Brazil, law reviews are usually run by academics as well, but there are efforts by students to change this; for example: ''University of Brasilia Law Students Review'' (re-established in 2007), the ''Review of the Academic Center Afonso Pena'' from the
Federal University of Minas Gerais The Federal University of Minas Gerais ( pt, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG) is a federalIn the Brazilian Higher Education context, ''Federal'' does not mean ''collegiate'' (even though most Federal Universities in Brazil enjoy a sim ...
(published since 1996), and the ''Alethes Periodic'' from
Federal University of Juiz de Fora The Federal University of Juiz de Fora ( pt, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, UFJF) is a public research university in Brazil. Throughout its over 50 years of existence, the university has undergone significant growth, strengthening the qual ...
. However, academics and official rankings usually refuse to evaluate student law reviews as "equals". To pursue academic recognition by the Brazilian Ministry of Education, review bodies must include post-graduated and ranked academics, which prevents student law reviews to even be recognized or compared to other similar legal periodicals.


China

In China, there are law reviews run by academics, as well as law reviews run by students. The ''China Law Journal'' is an attempt to create a legal publication, that is produced from all groups related to law, including lawyers, academics, students, members of the judiciary, procurators and anyone else in related fields with an interest in China.


India

Among academic law journals in India, the ''Journal of Indian Law Institute'' and the ''Delhi Law Review'' published by the Faculty of Law,
University of Delhi Delhi University (DU), formally the University of Delhi, is a collegiate central university located in New Delhi, India. It was founded in 1922 by an Act of the Central Legislative Assembly and is recognized as an Institute of Eminence (IoE) ...
since 1972 are most prominent and respected among Indian legal scholars and academicians. National Law Schools/Universities are now leading the law review publication field, with notable reviews being the '' NALSAR Student Law Review'' and the ''
National Law School of India Review The ''National Law School of India Review'' is a student-run, Peer review, peer-reviewed, bi-annual law review published by the ''Student Advocate Committee'' of the National Law School of India University. History The journal was established ...
'' and lawbright, eJournal.


Mexico

The '' Mexican Law Review'', the law review of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico's preeminent university, is edited by professors and is therefore a closer cousin to peer-reviewed social science journals than to typical student-run law journals.


Online legal research providers

Online legal research providers such as
Westlaw Westlaw is an online legal research service and proprietary database for lawyers and legal professionals available in over 60 countries. Information resources on Westlaw include more than 40,000 databases of case law, state and federal statu ...
and
LexisNexis LexisNexis is a part of the RELX corporation that sells data analytics products and various databases that are accessed through online portals, including portals for computer-assisted legal research (CALR), newspaper search, and consumer informa ...
give users access to the complete text of most law reviews published beginning from the late 1980s. Another such service,
Heinonline HeinOnline (HOL) is a commercial internet database service launched in 2000 by William S. Hein & Co., Inc. (WSH Co), a Buffalo, New York publisher specializing in legal materials. The company began in Buffalo, New York, in 1961 and is currently b ...
, provides actual scans of the pages of law reviews going back to the 1850s.


Student activity

Membership on the law review staff is highly sought after by some law students, as it often has a significant impact on their subsequent careers as attorneys. Many U.S. federal judges and partners at the most prestigious
law firms A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to r ...
were members or editors of their school's law review. There are a number of reasons why journal membership is desired by some students: * Some see the intense writing, research and editing experience as invaluable to the student's development as an attorney; * Others see the selection process as helping differentiate the best and the brightest from an already strong group of law students. At schools with more than one law review, membership on the main or flagship journal is normally considered more prestigious than membership on a specialty law journal. This is not the case at all schools, however. At many schools, the more prestigious journal is the specialty journal; a low-ranked general journal will rarely attract as much attention as a category-leading specialized journal. Often the best indicator is the age of the journal; a newer journal will rarely have the same clout with employers that the older journal has, even when the older journal is specialized. In any case, membership on any such journal is a valuable credential when searching out employment after law school. The paths to membership vary from law school to law school, and also from journal to journal, but generally contain a few of the same basic elements. Most law reviews select members after their first year of studies either through a writing competition (often referred to as "writing on" to the law review), their first-year grades (referred to as "grading on" to the law review) or some combination thereof. Most Canadian law reviews, however, do not take grades into considerations and cannot be submitted with the application. A number of schools will also grant membership to students who independently submit a publishable article. The write-on competition usually requires applicants to compose a written analysis of a specific legal topic, often a recent Supreme Court decision. The written submissions are often of a set length, and applicants are sometimes provided with some or all of the background research. Submissions normally are graded blindly, with submissions identified only by a number which the graders will not be able to connect to a particular applicant. A student who has been selected for law review membership is said to have "made the law review." Secondary journals vary widely in their membership process. For example, at
Yale Law School Yale Law School (Yale Law or YLS) is the law school of Yale University, a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was established in 1824 and has been ranked as the best law school in the United States by '' U.S. News & Worl ...
, the only one of its nine journals that has a competitive membership process is the flagship ''Yale Law Journal'' – all others are open to any Yale Law student who wishes to join. By contrast, other secondary journals may have their own separate membership competition, or may hold a joint competition with the main law review. A law review's membership is normally divided into staff members and editors. On most law reviews, all 2Ls (second-year students) are staff members while some or all 3Ls (third-year students) serve as editors. 3Ls also typically fill the senior editorial staff positions, including senior articles editor, senior note & comment editor, senior managing editor, and, the most prestigious of all, editor-in-chief of the law review. (Upon graduation, the editor-in-chief of the law review can often expect to be highly recruited by the most prestigious law firms.) As members, students are normally expected to edit and cite-check the articles that are being published by the law review, ensuring that references support what the author claims they support and that footnotes are in proper ''
Bluebook ''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation'' is a style guide that prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the United States. It is taught and used at a majority of U.S. law schools and is also used in a majority of federal ...
'' format, depending on the publication's preference. On some law reviews, students may be expected to write a note or comment of publishable quality (although it need not actually be published), although other law reviews often pull from a broader pool for submissions. The editorial staff is normally responsible for reviewing and selecting articles for publication, managing the editing process, and assisting members in writing their notes and comments. Depending on the law school, students may receive academic credit for their work on the law review, although some journals are entirely extracurricular.


History of law reviews


United States

English and US law education in the early 19th century was dominated by the study of "discursive" treatises which examined older English case law. These treatises were written by eminent scholars of the era, but had diminishing relevance to a newly founded nation. The treatise format was also unsuited to communicate the rapid decisions of a young court system to an expanding population of lawyers. By the 1850s a number of legal periodicals had arisen in the US which "typically highlighted recent court decisions, local news, and editorial comments." One of these periodicals, the ''American Law Register'', was founded in 1852 and has been published continually since. Now known as the ''
University of Pennsylvania Law Review The ''University of Pennsylvania Law Review'' is a law review published by an organization of second and third year J.D. students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. It is the oldest law journal in the United States, having been publishe ...
'', it is the oldest surviving law review in the US. By the 1870s, these early commercial legal periodicals established the format for a more "modern style of legal writing" and led to today's student-edited law reviews. The first student-edited law periodical in the US was the ''Albany Law School Journal'', founded in 1875. This journal, described as something like a "legal newspaper", folded after just one year. Its spiritual successor, the current ''
Albany Law Review The ''Albany Law Review'' is a quarterly law review edited by students at Albany Law School. The ''Albany Law Review'' is one of three student-edited law journals published by the school.Albany Law School"Journals & Publications" History The ' ...
'' was later published in 1936. The ''Columbia Jurist'' was created by students in 1885, but ceased publication in 1887. Despite its short lifespan, the ''Jurist'' is credited with inspiring creation of the '' Harvard Law Review,'' first published in 1887''.'' The current ''
Columbia Law Review The ''Columbia Law Review'' is a law review edited and published by students at Columbia Law School. The journal publishes scholarly articles, essays, and student notes. It was established in 1901 by Joseph E. Corrigan and John M. Woolsey, who se ...
'', was founded in 1901. The success of the ''Harvard Law Review'' provided a model that was followed by later journals: faculty-written articles solicited and published by student editors. ''
Yale Law Journal The ''Yale Law Journal'' (YLJ), known also as the ''Yale Law Review'', is a student-run law review affiliated with the Yale Law School. Published continuously since 1891, it is the most widely known of the eight law reviews published by students ...
'', first published in 1891, used this format to great success. Other contemporary journals were launched by faculty with varying degrees of student input including ''
Dickinson Law Review Dickinson Law Review is the flagship law review of Penn State Dickinson Law. Founded in 1897 as ''The Forum,'' it is the fifth oldest law review in continuous print in the United States. From 1898-1899, Julia Radle, the first female student in th ...
'' in 1897. ''The West Virginia Bar'', a publication by the state Bar Association started in 1894. In 1917, editorship was taken over by the West Virginia College of Law and became the ''
West Virginia Law Review The ''West Virginia Law Review'' is a triannual student-run law review published by the West Virginia University College of Law. It was established in 1894 and is the fourth oldest law review in the United States. History The journal underwent s ...
'' in 1949. The first law review originating outside the Northeast was the ''
Michigan Law Review The ''Michigan Law Review'' is an American law review and the flagship law journal of the University of Michigan Law School. History The ''Michigan Law Review'' was established in 1902, after Gustavus Ohlinger, a student in the Law Department ...
'', beginning in 1902. The ''
Northwestern University Law Review The ''Northwestern University Law Review'' is a law review and student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. The ''Law Review''s primary purpose is to publish a journal of broad legal scholarship. The ''Law Review'' publishes s ...
''—formerly the ''Illinois Law Review''—followed shortly thereafter in 1906. Both ''Michigan'' and ''Northwestern'' were launched by faculty and only later turned over to student editors. Following these publications, there was a lull in new journals broken in 1908 by publication of the ''Maine Law Review'' which unfortunately ceased publication when the school closed in 1920. The ''
California Law Review ''California Law Review'' (also referred to as ''CLR'') is the journal of the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law. It was established in 1912. The application process consists of an anonymous write-on competition, with grades playing ...
'', beginning in 1912, was the nation's first law review published west of Illinois. ''
The Georgetown Law Journal ''The Georgetown Law Journal'' is a student-edited scholarly journal published at Georgetown University Law Center. It is the flagship law review of the Georgetown University Law Center. Overview The ''Georgetown Law Journal'' is headquartere ...
'' was launched that same year. Additional US law reviews * The ''
Kentucky Law Journal The University of Kentucky J. David Rosenberg College of Law, also known as UK Rosenberg College of Law, is the law school of the University of Kentucky located in Lexington, Kentucky. Founded initially from a law program at Transylvania Universit ...
'' - 1913 *''
Virginia Law Review The ''Virginia Law Review'' is a law review edited and published by students at University of Virginia School of Law. It was established on March 15, 1913, and permanently organized later that year. The stated objective of the ''Virginia Law Revi ...
'' - 1913 * The ''Marquette Law Review'' - 1916 * ''
Stanford Law Review The ''Stanford Law Review'' (SLR) is a legal journal produced independently by Stanford Law School students. The journal was established in 1948 with future U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher as its first president. The review produces s ...
'' - 1948 See also *
Bar journal A ''bar journal'' is a trade magazine published by a bar association, a lawyers association.* Bryan A. Garner, editor, ''Black's Law Dictionary'' 8th ed. (West Group, 2004) . See also *''ABA Journal'' *''Law review A law review or law journ ...


References


External links


Bernard Hibbitts, Last Writes? Re-assessing the Law Review in the Age of Cyberspace

Current Issues of Top Law Reviews
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