The

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

is civil law.

History

The Romanian judicial system experienced a major overhaul in the early 2010s, with the introduction of four new

codes In communications and information processing, code is a system of rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or gesture—into another form, sometimes shortened or secret, for communication through a communication c ...

: the

Civil Code A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations. A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core ar ...

(2011), the

Civil Procedure Code Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what ki ...

(2013) and the

Penal Penal is a town in south Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago. It lies south of San Fernando, Princes Town, and Debe, and north of Moruga, Morne Diablo and Siparia. It was originally a rice- and cocoa-producing area but is now a rapidly expanding and de ...

and Penal Procedure Codes (2014).

Constitution

The basic law of Romania is the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

, which was adopted in December 1991 and revised in October 2003.

Legislation

Legislation Legislation is the process or result of enrolled bill, enrolling, enactment of a bill, enacting, or promulgation, promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous Government, governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law i ...

includes laws and decrees.Verzariu and Burgess. "Bibliography of Pertinent Romanian Legislation". Joint Venture Agreements in Romania: Background for Implementation. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of East-West Trade. June 1977
Page 69

Laws

*Law No 28 of 28 December 1967 *Law No 71 of 29 December 1969 *Law No 22 of 28 November 1981 *Law No 3 of 12 November 1982

Courts and judiciary

There is a

Constitutional Court of Romania The Constitutional Court of Romania ( ro, Curtea Constituțională a României) is the institution which rules on whether the laws, decrees or other bills enacted by Romanian authorities are in conformity with the Constitution of Romania, Constitu ...

and a

High Court of Cassation and Justice The High Court of Cassation and Justice ( ro, Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție) is Romania's supreme court, and the court of last resort. It is the equivalent of France's Cour de Cassation and serves a similar function to other courts of ...

Legal practitioners

There is a National Union of Bar Associations of Romania (Romanian: Uniunea Națională a Barourilor din România) and a Bar Council. There was a Lawyers Union.

Criminal law

Criminal law Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law i ...

in Romania is centered on the

Penal Code of Romania The Penal Code of Romania (''Codul penal al României'') is a document providing the legal basis regarding criminal law in Romania. The Code contains 446 articles. The articles mention aspects such as the national boundaries of law and the crimes t ...

, which came into force on 1 February 2014.

Private law

The current

Civil Code of Romania The Civil Code of Romania (''Codul civil al României'', commonly referred to as ''Noul Cod Civil'' – the New Civil Code, officially Law no. 287/2009 on the Civil Code) is the basic source of civil law in Romania. It was adopted by Parliament on ...

came into force on 1 October 2011, replacing the old Civil Code of 1864, the Commercial Code of 1887 and the Family Code of 1953. The previous civil code came into force on 1 December 1865, and was amended numerous times over the years. It was re-published, in its amended form, in 1993 under the title ''Codul Civil''.Pries, Information Sources in Law For

civil procedure Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what ki ...

, see the

Civil procedure code of Romania The Civil Procedure Code of Romania ( ro, Codul de procedură civilă al României) is the law regulating civil procedure in Romania. It came into force on 15 February 2013 as Law no. 134/2010, implemented through Law no. 76/2012, replacing the old ...

References

*Pries, Anne. In Winterton and Moys (eds).

Information Sources in Law ''Information Sources in Law'' is a book. First Edition The first edition was edited by R G Logan and published by Butterworths in 1986. It is part of the series which was then known as Butterworths Guides to Information Sources. It consists of tw ...

. Second Edition. Bowker-Saur. 1997. Chapter Twenty-Three: Romania. Page
401
to 413. *Virgiliu Stoicoiu. Legal Sources and Bibliography of Romania. Free Europe Committee. 1964
Google Books
*Levasseur, Trahan and Gruning. The Legal System of Romania. Carolina Academic Press. 2020
Google Books
*Digest of General Laws of Romania
Google Books
*Romanian legislation
Google Books
*P Gogeanu and L P Marcu. A Concise History of Romanian Law. Scientific and Encyclopaedic Publishing House. Bucharest. 1981. *Istoria dreptului românesc. istory of Romanian Lawbr>Google Books
*H B Jacobini. Romanian Public Law: Some Leading Internal Aspects. East European Monographs. 1987
Google Books
*Irina Moroianu Zlatescu. Constitutional Law in Romania. Kluwer Law International. First Edition. 2012
Second Edition
2017. *The New Communist Electoral Law in Romania. National Committee for a Free Europe. 1953
Google Books
*Catalin-Gabriel Stanescu and Bogdan Timofti. Commercial and Economic Law in Romania. Kluwer Law International. 2013
Google Books
*Maria Bugeanu, Mihaela Tudor and Florentina Almajanu. Insurance Law in Romania. Kluwer Law International. 2012
Google Books
*Georgeta Dinu, Adelina Roman, Marius Ștefana and Radu Tufescu. Competition Law in Romania. Kluwer Law International. First Edition. 2013
Second Edition
2015. *Leaua and Baias
Arbitration in Romania: A Practitioner's Guide
Kluwer Law International. 2016. *Raluca Dimitriu. Romanian Industrial Relations Law. Intersentia. 2007
Google Books
*Catalin Gabriel Stanescu. Energy Law in Romania. Kluwer Law International. First Edition. 2015
Second Edition
2018. *Strenc, Gheorghiu and Bucsa. Intellectual Property Law in Romania. Kluwer Law International. First Edition. 2012. Second Edition. 2016
Third Edition
2020. *Romania: An Analysis of Media Law and Practice. Article 19. 1997
Google Books

External links

Guide to Law Online - Romania
from

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...

{{Law in Europe Law of Romania