![Neißemündung](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Nei%C3%9Fem%C3%BCndung.JPG)
The Lusatian Neisse (german: Lausitzer Neiße; pl, Nysa Łużycka; cs, Lužická Nisa;
Upper Sorbian
Upper Sorbian (), occasionally referred to as "Wendish", is a minority language spoken by Sorbs in Germany in the historical province of Upper Lusatia, which is today part of Saxony. It is grouped in the West Slavic language branch, together ...
: ''Łužiska Nysa'';
Lower Sorbian
Lower may refer to:
*Lower (surname)
*Lower Township, New Jersey
*Lower Receiver (firearms)
*Lower Wick
Lower Wick is a small hamlet located in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated about five miles south west of Dursley, eight ...
: ''Łužyska Nysa''), or Western Neisse, is a river in northern
Central Europe
Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the area' ...
.
[''Neisse River''](_blank)
at www.britannica.com. Retrieved 4 Feb 2011.''Transnational Pilot River Basin''
at http://eagri.cz/public. Retrieved 4 Feb 2011. It rises in the Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains ( cz, Jizerské hory), or Izera Mountains ( pl, Góry Izerskie; german: Isergebirge), are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The range got its name from the Jizera River, which rises a ...
, near Nová Ves nad Nisou
Nová Ves nad Nisou (german: Neudorf an der Neiße) is a municipality and village in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Horní Černá Studnice ...
, at the Czech border becoming the Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
–German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
border for its remaining , to flow into the similarly northward-flowing Oder
The Oder ( , ; Czech, Lower Sorbian and ; ) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river in total length and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows thr ...
.
Its drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, t ...
covers , of which in Poland, the rest is mainly in Germany.[Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017]
Statistics Poland
Statistics Poland (formerly known in English as the Central Statistical Office ( pl, Główny Urząd Statystyczny, popularly called GUS)) is Poland's chief government executive agency charged with collecting and publishing statistics related to th ...
, p. 85-86 The river reaches the tripoint
A tripoint, trijunction, triple point, or tri-border area is a geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or subnational entities meet. There are 175 international tripoints as of 2020. Nearly half are situated in rivers, l ...
of the three nations by Zittau
Zittau ( hsb, Žitawa, dsb, Žytawa, pl, Żytawa, cs, Žitava, :de:Oberlausitzer Mundart, Upper Lusatian Dialect: ''Sitte''; from Slavic languages, Slavic "''rye''" (Upper Sorbian and Czech: ''žito'', Lower Sorbian: ''žyto'', Polish: ''żyto' ...
, a German town/city, after , leaving the Czech Republic.[ It is a left-bank tributary of the Oder, into which it flows between ]Neißemünde
Neißemünde (''Neissemuende'', literally ''Mouth of the Neisse river'') is a municipality in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It belongs to the '' Amt'' ("collective municipality") Neuzelle, which has its administrative seat in t ...
-Ratzdorf and Kosarzyn – north of the towns of Guben
Guben (Polish and Sorbian: ''Gubin'') is a town on the Lusatian Neisse river in Lower Lusatia, in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. Located in the Spree-Neiße district, Guben has a population of 20,049. Along with Frankfurt (Oder) and Görlitz ...
and Gubin.
Since the 1945 Potsdam Agreement
The Potsdam Agreement (german: Potsdamer Abkommen) was the agreement between three of the Allies of World War II: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union on 1 August 1945. A product of the Potsdam Conference, it concerned th ...
in the aftermath of World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the river has partially demarcated the German-Polish border (along the Oder-Neisse line). While the German population outside was expelled.
It is the longest and most watered of the three rivers of its non-adjectival name in both the main languages (the two other rivers being the Eastern Neisse
The Eastern Neisse, also known by its Polish name of Nysa Kłodzka (german: Glatzer Neiße, cs, Kladská Nisa), is a river in southwestern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder, with a length of 188 km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570& ...
( pl, Nysa Kłodzka; german: Glatzer Neisse) and Raging Neisse
The Raging NeisseDodge, Lt Col Theodore Ayrault. ''Napoleon: A History of the Art of War. Vol. IV'', 2014 ( pl, Nysa Szalona, or ''Jauersche Neiße'') is a river in Poland. It has a length of about and flows into the Kaczawa (Katzbach), which in ...
(Polish: ''Nysa Szalona''; German: ''Wütende Neiße'' or ''Jauersche Neiße'')). It is usually simply referred to as the Neisse.
Name
Since the river runs through the historic region of Lusatia
Lusatia (german: Lausitz, pl, Łużyce, hsb, Łužica, dsb, Łužyca, cs, Lužice, la, Lusatia, rarely also referred to as Sorbia) is a historical region in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland. Lusatia stretches from the Bóbr ...
, the adjective "Lusatian" or "Western" before the name of the river Neisse is used whenever differentiating this border river
''Border River'' is a 1954 American Western film directed by George Sherman and starring Joel McCrea, Yvonne De Carlo and Pedro Armendáriz.
Plot
During the US Civil War, Clete Mattson arrives in Zona Libre, a small territory across the river ...
from the Eastern Neisse
The Eastern Neisse, also known by its Polish name of Nysa Kłodzka (german: Glatzer Neiße, cs, Kladská Nisa), is a river in southwestern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder, with a length of 188 km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570& ...
(Polish: ''Nysa Kłodzka'', German: ''Glatzer Neisse'') and the smaller Raging Neisse
The Raging NeisseDodge, Lt Col Theodore Ayrault. ''Napoleon: A History of the Art of War. Vol. IV'', 2014 ( pl, Nysa Szalona, or ''Jauersche Neiße'') is a river in Poland. It has a length of about and flows into the Kaczawa (Katzbach), which in ...
(Polish: ''Nysa Szalona''; German: ''Wütende Neisse'' or ''Jauersche Neisse''), both in Poland.
Towns and villages
At Bad Muskau
Bad Muskau (; formerly ''Muskau'', hsb, Mužakow, pl, Mużaków, cs, Mužakov) is a spa town in the historic Upper Lusatia region in Germany, at the border with Poland. It is part of the Görlitz district in the State of Saxony.
It is located ...
the Neisse flows through Muskau Park
Muskau Park (german: Muskauer Park, officially: ''Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau''; pl, Park Mużakowski) is a landscape park in the Upper Lusatia region of Germany and Poland. It is the largest and one of the most famous English gardens in Ce ...
, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
. Cities and towns on the river from source to mouth include:
* Jablonec nad Nisou
Jablonec nad Nisou (; german: Gablonz an der Neiße) is a city in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 45,000 inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is a local centre for education, and is known for its glass ...
, Czech Republic
* Vratislavice, Czech Republic
* Liberec
Liberec (; german: Reichenberg ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants and it is the fifth-largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preser ...
, Czech Republic
* Chrastava
Chrastava (; german: Kratzau) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Chrastava is made up of town parts of Chrastava, Dolní Chrastava and Horní Chrastava, ...
, Czech Republic
* Hrádek nad Nisou
Hrádek nad Nisou (; german: Grottau, pl, Gródek nad Nysą) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,700 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument ...
, Czech Republic
* Zittau
Zittau ( hsb, Žitawa, dsb, Žytawa, pl, Żytawa, cs, Žitava, :de:Oberlausitzer Mundart, Upper Lusatian Dialect: ''Sitte''; from Slavic languages, Slavic "''rye''" (Upper Sorbian and Czech: ''žito'', Lower Sorbian: ''žyto'', Polish: ''żyto' ...
, Germany
* Bogatynia
Bogatynia (; German: ''Reichenau in Sachsen'') is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 16,460.
Geography
The municipal area forms Poland's "Turoszów p ...
, Poland
* Görlitz
Görlitz (; pl, Zgorzelec, hsb, Zhorjelc, cz, Zhořelec, :de:Ostlausitzer Mundart, East Lusatian dialect: ''Gerlz'', ''Gerltz'', ''Gerltsch'') is a town in the Germany, German state of Saxony. It is located on the Lusatian Neisse River, and ...
, Germany; Zgorzelec
Zgorzelec (, german: link=no, Görlitz, szl, Gorlice, Upper Lusatian German dialect: ''Gerlz'', ''Gerltz'', and ''Gerltsch'', hsb, Zhorjelc, dsb, Zgórjelc, cz, Zhořelec) is a town in southwestern Poland with 30,374 inhabitants (2019). It ...
, Poland
* Pieńsk
Pieńsk (german: Penzig) is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district ( gmina) called Gmina Pieńsk, and stands on the east bank of the Lusatian Neisse river, ...
, Poland
* Bad Muskau
Bad Muskau (; formerly ''Muskau'', hsb, Mužakow, pl, Mużaków, cs, Mužakov) is a spa town in the historic Upper Lusatia region in Germany, at the border with Poland. It is part of the Görlitz district in the State of Saxony.
It is located ...
, Germany; Łęknica
Łęknica (german: Lugknitz; hsb, Wjeska) is a border town in western Poland, one of the two gminas of Żary County in Lubusz Voivodeship.
Muskau Park (''Park Mużakowski''), a Polish-German World Heritage Site, stretches north of the town ce ...
, Poland
* Forst (Lausitz)
Forst (Lausitz) ( dsb, Baršć) is a town in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany. It lies east of Cottbus, on the river Lausitzer Neiße which is also the German-Polish border, the Oder-Neisse line. It is the capital of the Spree-Neiße district ...
, Germany
* Guben
Guben (Polish and Sorbian: ''Gubin'') is a town on the Lusatian Neisse river in Lower Lusatia, in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. Located in the Spree-Neiße district, Guben has a population of 20,049. Along with Frankfurt (Oder) and Görlitz ...
, Germany; Gubin, Poland
Tributaries
Right bank:
* Lubsza
Left bank:
* Mandau
The Mandau ( cs, Mandava) is a river in Bohemia (Czech Republic) and Saxony (Germany). It is a left tributary of the Lusatian Neisse, which it joins near Zittau.
It originates from multiple springs north of the 580.6m (1902 feet AMSL) Wolf Mou ...
See also
* List of rivers of the Czech Republic
This is a list of rivers of the Czech Republic.
Naming conventions
Czech language distinguishes between larger (river) and smaller (stream, creek, brook etc.) watercourses; the respective nouns being '' řeka'' (feminine, "river") and '' potok' ...
* List of rivers of Germany
This article lists rivers which are (at least partially) located in Germany. Rivers that flow into the sea are sorted geographically, along the coast. Rivers that flow into other rivers are sorted by the proximity of their points of confluence to t ...
* List of rivers of Poland
Following is a list of rivers, which are at least partially, if not predominantly located within Poland.KSNG (2002–2014)List of Names of Flowing Waters (Wykaz nazw wód płynacych)(PDF file, direct download 1.47 MB), Komisja Standaryzacji Nazw Ge ...
References
External links
Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law
Peace Palace Library
* Closed Germany-Poland bridges
{{Authority control
International rivers of Europe
Rivers of Poland
Rivers of Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Rivers of Lubusz Voivodeship
Rivers of the Liberec Region
Rivers of Brandenburg
Rivers of Saxony
Jablonec nad Nisou District
Liberec District
Geography of Lusatia
Germany–Poland border
Federal waterways in Germany
Border rivers
Rivers of Germany