HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Laterza culture or Laterza-Cellino San Marco culture is an
Eneolithic The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often voc ...
culture in
Southern Italy Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half. The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the peop ...
. It takes its name from the tombs discovered in the locality of Laterza, near
Taranto Taranto (, also ; ; nap, label= Tarantino, Tarde; Latin: Tarentum; Old Italian: ''Tarento''; Ancient Greek: Τάρᾱς) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto, serving as an important com ...
, and
Cellino San Marco Celino San Marco ( Leccese: ) is a ''comune'' in the province of Brindisi in Apulia, on the south-east coast of Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is ...
, near
Brindisi Brindisi ( , ) ; la, Brundisium; grc, Βρεντέσιον, translit=Brentésion; cms, Brunda), group=pron is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Histo ...
, in
Apulia it, Pugliese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographic ...
. It developed in
Apulia it, Pugliese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographic ...
and
Basilicata it, Lucano (man) it, Lucana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = ...
, and to a lesser extent of
Central Italy Central Italy ( it, Italia centrale or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region, and a European Parliament constituency. Regions Central It ...
in the 3rd millennium BC, around 2950-2350 BC. As with many of the cultures of the late prehistoric period, it is known essentially from the style of pottery recovered from archaeological digs. The culture was defined in 1967 by Francesco Biancofiore, following research in a
necropolis A necropolis (plural necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'', literally meaning "city of the dead". The term usually im ...
of the same name situated to the north-west of the city of
Taranto Taranto (, also ; ; nap, label= Tarantino, Tarde; Latin: Tarentum; Old Italian: ''Tarento''; Ancient Greek: Τάρᾱς) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto, serving as an important com ...
, in southern
Apulia it, Pugliese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographic ...
. Biancofiore F., "La necropoli Eneolitica di Laterza, origini e sviluppo dei gruppi "protoappenninici" in Apulia", in ''Origini'', vol. I (1967), pp 195-300 Biancofiore F., 1971, Origini e sviluppo delle civiltà preclassiche nell'Italia sud-orientale, ''Origini'', vol. 5, p. 193-309 Cipolloni Sampo M., Calattini M., Palma di Cesnola A., Cassano S., Radina F., Bianco S., Marino D. A., Gorgoglione M. A., Bailo Modesti G., avec la collaboration de Grifoni Cremonesi R., 1998, ''L’Italie du Sud'', in Guilaine J., Atlas du Néolithique européen. L’Europe occidentale, E.R.A.U.L., vol. 46, Paris, p. 9-112 For a long while this culture was only documented in a few essentially funerary sites. Biancofiore F., 1979, La civiltà Eneolitica di Laterza, in Adamsteanu D., Biancofiore F., Cremonesi G., D’Andria F., Geniola A., Palma di Cesnola A., ''La Puglia dal Paleolitico al Tardoromano'', Milan, p. 128-149 Recent research of large sites, particularly near
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
and others in northern
Campania Campania (, also , , , ) is an administrative Regions of Italy, region of Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the i ...
, have extended knowledge of the homes of the culture. Fugazzola Delpino M. A., Salerno A., Tagliacozzo A., Tiné V., Vanzetti A., "Una comunità della facies di Laterza nella pianura campana: L'area "Forum" di Gricignano – US NAVY (CE)", in Bernabò Brea M., Bietti Sestieri A. M., Cardarelli A., Cocchi Genick D., Grifoni Cremonesi R., Pacciarelli M., ''Le comunità della preistoria italiana, studi e ricerche sul neolitico e le Età dei Metalli'', Castello di Lipari, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Atti della XXXV Riunione Scientifica, Chiesa di S. Caterina, 2-7 giugno 2000, 2 vol., Florence, vol. 1 (2003), pp 199-214 Anzidei A. P., Carboni G., "Nuovi contesti funerari eneolitici dal territorio di Roma", in Martini F., ''La cultura del morire nella società preistoriche e protostoriche italiane'', Origines, Florence (2007), pp 177-186


Chronology and geographic distribution

The chronology of this cultura has been established thanks to recent discoveries. Carboni G., Anzidei A. P., 2013, L’Eneolitico recente e finale nel Lazio centro-meridionale: una puntualizzazione sullo sviluppo e la durata di alcuni aspetti culturali sulla base delle più recenti datazioni radiometriche, in Cocchi Genick D., ''Cronologia assoluta e relativa dell’Età del Rame in Italia'', Atti dell’Incontro di Studi, Università di Verona, 25 giugno 2013, Qui Edit, Verona, Vol. I, p. 91-118 The culture developed between 2900 and 2300 B.C.. It appeared in central Puglia, Basilicata and on the Tyhrennian shore of Campania and Lazio were the most ancient finds have been discovered. In these last two regions Laterza characteristics overlap with and replace the last manifestations of the Gaudo culture. In some cases these two cultures overlap in the same site, as in
Salve A salve is a medical ointment used to soothe the surface of the body. Medical uses Magnesium sulphate paste is used as a drawing salve to treat small boils and infected wounds and to remove 'draw' small splinters. Black ointment, or Ichthyol ...
, in southern Puglia. Ingravallo E., Aprile G., Dell'Anna S., 2010, Notiziario – Masseria Profichi – Masseria Don Cesare (Salve, Prov. di Lecce), ''Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche'', vol. LX, p. 388-389 The influence of the Laterza Culture is seen in areas distant from its original territory as evidenced by decoration of pottery. In the necropoli di Selvicciola, a site in northern Lazio attributed to the
Rinaldone culture The Rinaldone culture was an Eneolithic culture that spread between the 4th and the 3rd millennium BC in northern and central Lazio, in southern Tuscany and, to a lesser extent, also in Marche and Umbria. It takes its name from the town of Rinald ...
, a jug of Laterza type was discovered. Laterza type decorations are also present in the ceramics of other localities of
Central Italy Central Italy ( it, Italia centrale or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region, and a European Parliament constituency. Regions Central It ...
, for example at Maddalena di
Muccia Muccia is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about southwest of Ancona and about southwest of Macerata. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 925 and an area of .All demographic ...
in
Marche Marche ( , ) is one of the twenty regions of Italy. In English, the region is sometimes referred to as The Marches ( ). The region is located in the central area of the country, bordered by Emilia-Romagna and the republic of San Marino to the ...
. In Osteria del Curato-via Cinquefrondi, on the periphery of Rome, a tomb was discovered which contained three different styles of pottery: Gaudo, Rinaldone and Laterza. Anzidei A. P., Carboni G., Castagna M. A., Celant A., Cianca M., Egidi R., Favorito S., Funiciello R., Giordano G., Malvone M., Tagliacozzo A., 2007, L’abitato eneolitico di Osteria del Curato-via Cinquefrondi : nuovi dati sulle facies archeologiche di Laterza e Ortucchio nel territorio di Roma, in Bietti A., ''Strategie di insediamento fra Lazio e Campania in età preistorica e protostorica'', Atti della XL Riunione Scientifica, Roma, Napoli, Pompei, 30 novembre – 3 dicembre 2005, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. 2, p. 477-508 In
Agro romano The Ager Romanus (literally, "the field of Rome"') is the geographical rural area (part plains, part hilly) that surrounds the city of Rome. Politically and historically, it has represented the area of influence of Rome's municipal government. It ...
the Laterza Culture gave birth to the Ortucchio culture (which evolved between 2670 and 2550 B.C. principally from the influence of and contact with
Bell Beaker culture The Bell Beaker culture, also known as the Bell Beaker complex or Bell Beaker phenomenon, is an archaeological culture named after the inverted-bell beaker drinking vessel used at the very beginning of the European Bronze Age. Arising from a ...
) while in other areas it ceased to exist. In Pantano Borghese, near Rome, a site assigned to an advanced state of the Laterza Culture was discovered, contemporaneous with neighbouring sites of the Ortucchio culture. According to scholars it is a cultural
enclave An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...
which survived in the area. Tagliacozzo A., 2011, Pantano Borghese (Monte Compatri, Roma). Un insediamento preistorico nel territorio gabino, in Ghini G. (Ed), ''Settimo Incontro di Studi sul Lazio e la Sabina'', Atti del Convegno, Roma, 9-11 marzo 2010, Lazio e Sabina, vol. 7, Edizioni Quasar, Roma, p. 189-201


Gallery

File:Elementi di collana in ambra, dalla necropoli dell'età del rame di laterza, 2500-200 ac ca.jpg File:Idoletto fallico in arenaria, dalla necropoli dell'età del rame di laterza, 2500-200 ac ca.jpg File:Punte di freccia in selce, dalla necropoli dell'età del rame di laterza, 2500-200 ac ca.jpg File:Coltellini e pugnali in rame, di tipo montebradoni, dalla necropoli dell'età del rame di laterza, 2500-200 ac ca.jpg


References

Archaeological cultures in Italy Chalcolithic cultures of Europe Archaeological cultures of Southern Europe {{Italy-archaeology-stub