Later Liao () was a short-lived dynastic regime in
Northeast China
Northeast China or Northeastern China () is a geographical region of China, which is often referred to as "Manchuria" or "Inner Manchuria" by surrounding countries and the West. It usually corresponds specifically to the three provinces east of t ...
that existed between 1216 and 1219. It was ruled by the
House of Yelü and was the last regime that sought to revive the
Liao dynasty
The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü ...
in China (the
Eastern Liao
Eastern Liao () was a 13th-century kingdom in what is now Northeast China, established by the Khitan Yelü clan in an attempt to resurrect the Liao dynasty. Its capital was situated in modern-day Kaiyuan, Liaoning.
Establishment
Yelü Liuge, a ...
had by this time become a vassal of the
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...
).
History
In 1213, Yelü Liuge proclaimed the
Eastern Liao
Eastern Liao () was a 13th-century kingdom in what is now Northeast China, established by the Khitan Yelü clan in an attempt to resurrect the Liao dynasty. Its capital was situated in modern-day Kaiyuan, Liaoning.
Establishment
Yelü Liuge, a ...
after rebelling against the
Jin dynasty. His pro-Mongol policy caused a split within the Eastern Liao court, eventually resulting in Yelü Sibu (the younger brother of Yelü Liuge) declaring himself emperor of an independent regime with the official dynastic title "Liao" (), known in retrospect as "Later Liao" ().
Not long after proclaiming himself emperor, Yelü Sibu was killed. The premier Yelü Qinu was made regent.
After suffering military defeat by the Jin dynasty, Yelü Qinu escaped and was subsequently killed by Yelü Jinshan. Yelü Jinshan ascended to the Later Liao throne in
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificati ...
. In 1217, Goryeo forces defeated Yelü Jinshan and forced him to abscond.
Yelü Jinshan's successor, Yelü Tong'guyu, was killed by Yelü Hanshe not long after becoming the ruler of Later Liao. As infighting erupted within Later Liao, an allied forces of Eastern Liao, the Mongol Empire and Goryeo encircled Later Liao. In 1219, Yelü Hanshe committed suicide in the aftermath of Later Liao's defeat, marking the end of the short-lived dynasty.
The territories once held by Later Liao were re-incorporated into Eastern Liao.
Monarchs
The only Later Liao monarch to use the title of
emperor
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...
was Yelü Sibu. All subsequent rulers assumed the title of king.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Liao
Dynasties in Chinese history
Former countries in Chinese history
Khitan history