genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of 22 ...
s. The
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
for this genus is the black garden ant, ''
Lasius niger
)
, official_languages =
, languages_type = National languagesheathland
A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler ...
, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species include the temporary social parasites of the ''L. mixtus'' group and the hyper-social parasite ''
Lasius fuliginosus
''Lasius fuliginosus'', also known as the jet ant or jet black ant, is a species of ant in the subfamily Formicinae.
Distribution
This species has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia, from Portugal and Ireland in the west, Finland in the nort ...
''. '' Lasius flavus'' is also a commonly seen species, building grassy hillocks in undisturbed pasture. In the Alps, these mounds - always aligned east to catch the first rays of the rising sun - have been traditionally used by goatherds as natural
compass
A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with ...
es. Species in the subgenus ''Acanthomyops'', in particular '' L. interjectus'' and '' L. claviger'', are commonly known as citronella ants due to their citronella-like smell.
Moisture ants
Many ''Lasius'' species, known collectively as "moisture ants" in the United States, make their nests in and around moist rotting wood as well as under rocks. They can infest buildings, particularly foundation forms in contact with soil, becoming a minor nuisance. They are not considered a structural threat because they only make their galleries in wood that is already decayed. Some species build "cartonlike" nests in moist locations made of decayed wood fragments cemented together with honeydew and the ant's mandibular gland secretions. Workers are monomorphic, 2 to 3 mm long, yellow to dark brown. They are secretive, and forage mostly at night for honeydew and other sweet substances, and may also prey on small insects. Winged reproductive males and females swarm in late summer and fall, which is when building infestations may be noticed. They are distinguished from
carpenter ant
Carpenter ants (''Camponotus'' spp.) are large () ants indigenous to many forested parts of the world.
They build nests inside wood consisting of galleries chewed out with their mandibles or jaws, preferably in dead, damp wood. However, unlik ...
s (''Camponotus''), another structure-infesting species, by being much smaller, and having a notch in the dorsal thorax (top of the center body division), where carpenter ants have a rounded thorax. Widespread moisture ant species include ''L. alienus'' and ''L. neoniger'', as well as some ''Acanthomyops'' species.
Species
*''
Lasius alienoflavus
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
'' Bingham, 1903
*''
Lasius alienus
''Lasius alienus'', or cornfield ant, is a species of ant in the subfamily Formicinae (family Formicidae). Workers have a length of about 2–4 mm, Queens are larger (7–9 mm).
Distribution
They live in Europe, from Spain to the Cauca ...
'' (Foerster, 1850)
*''
Lasius americanus
''Lasius alienus'', or cornfield ant, is a species of ant in the subfamily Formicinae (family Formicidae). Workers have a length of about 2–4 mm, Queens are larger (7–9 mm).
Distribution
They live in Europe, from Spain to the Cauca ...
'' Emery 1893
*†''
Lasius anthracinus
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
'' (Heer, 1867)
*''
Lasius aphidicola
''Lasius umbratus'', colloquially known as the yellow shadow ant and yellow lawn ant, is a palearctic species of parasitic ant distributed across Eurasia and the Maghreb region of Africa. It was once thought that this species occurred in North ...
'' (Walsh, 1863)
*''
Lasius arizonicus
''Lasius arizonicus'' is a species of ant belonging to the genus ''Lasius'', formerly a part of the genus (now a subgenus) ''Acanthomyops''. Described in 1917 by Wheeler, the species is native to the United States
The United States of A ...
'' Wheeler, 1917
*''
Lasius atopus
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
'' Cole, 1958
*''
Lasius austriacus
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
Lasius balcanicus
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
'' Seifert, 1988
*''
Lasius balearicus
''Lasius balearicus'' is an ant species from the genus ''Lasius''. It was discovered in 1982 by Cedric Alex Collingwood, an entomologist from the Royal Entomological Society and described as a new species in 2014 after a team from the Institut d ...
'' Talavera, Espadaler & Vila, 2014
*''
Lasius bicornis
''Lasius bicornis'' is a species of ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period ...
'' (Foerster, 1850)
*''
Lasius bombycina
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
Lasius colei
''Lasius colei'' is a species of ant belonging to the genus ''Lasius'', formerly a part of the genus (now a subgenus) ''Acanthomyops''. Described in 1968 by Wing, the species is native to the United States
The United States of America ( ...
Lasius draco
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
Lasius fuliginosus
''Lasius fuliginosus'', also known as the jet ant or jet black ant, is a species of ant in the subfamily Formicinae.
Distribution
This species has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia, from Portugal and Ireland in the west, Finland in the nort ...
Lasius glom
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
Lasius jensi
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
Lasius mikir
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...
Lasius neglectus
''Lasius neglectus'' is a polygynous, sometimes invasive, ant of the genus ''Lasius''. The ant was identified in 1990 after establishing a colony in Budapest, Hungary. Superficially, they are similar in appearance to the common black garden ant, ...
Lasius neoniger
''Lasius neoniger'', also known as the turfgrass ant, Labour day ant, cornfield ant or nuisance ant, is a species of ant in the genus ''Lasius''. Found in North America, the species is common in the eastern United States and Canada, though they ...
Lasius talpa
''Lasius'' is a genus of formicine ants. The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, ''Lasius niger''. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, '' L. neoniger'', and '' L. alienus''. Other species i ...