Lanškroun (; german: Landskron) is a town in
Ústí nad Orlicí District
Ústí nad Orlicí District ( cs, okres Ústí nad Orlicí) is a district (''okres'') within Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Ústí nad Orlicí. The district has borders with Pardubice District to the west, Sv ...
in the
Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region ( cs, Pardubický kraj; , ; pl, Kraj pardubicki) is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It ...
of the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
. It has about 9,300 inhabitants. It lies on the border of the historical lands of
Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
and
Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The me ...
. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an
urban monument zone.
Administrative parts
Lanškroun is made up of town parts of Dolní Třešňovec, Lanškroun-Vnitřní Město, Ostrovské Předměstí and Žichlínské Předměstí.
Geography
Lanškroun is located about northeast of
Ústí nad Orlicí
Ústí nad Orlicí (; german: Wildenschwert) is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. The town lies in the Orlické Mountains on the confluence of the rivers Tichá Orlice and Třebovka. The town ...
and east of
Pardubice. It lies in the
Podorlická Uplands.
The Třešňovský Stream flows through the town. In the northwestern part of the municipal territory is a set of six ponds on the Ostrovský Stream. The largest of them is Dlouhý, used for recreational purposes and water sports. The northernmost ponds Pšeničkův and Olšový and the area around the Zadní Stream before its confluence with Ostrovský Stream are protected as a nature reserve within the
Lanškroun Ponds Nature Park
Lanškroun Ponds Nature Park ( cs, Přírodní park Lanškrounské rybníky) is a nature park in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It includes the Lanškroun Ponds Nature Reserve.
Location
Lanškroun Pon ...
.
History
The first written mention of Lanškroun is from 1285, when it was donated by King
Wenceslaus II
Wenceslaus II Přemyslid ( cs, Václav II.; pl, Wacław II Czeski; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, ''Václav II. Král český a polský'', Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1 ...
to
Zavis of Falkenstein
Zavis of Falkenstein ( cs, Záviš z Falkenštejna; – 24 August 1290), a member of the noble house of Vítkovci, was a Bohemian noble and opponent of King Ottokar II.
Biography
Zavis was a scion of the Vítkovci lords of Krumlov, his f ...
. Lanškroun was founded during the colonization in the second half of the 13th century under the name ''Landeskrone''. It became the economical centre of the large estate of Lanšperk and later of separate Lanškroun estate.
In 1304, Lanškroun property of the
Zbraslav Monastery
The Cistercian Abbey of Zbraslav ( la, Aula Regia, cs, Zbraslavský klášter) located in Zbraslav near Prague (today part of Prague) was one of the most significant monasteries of the Cistercian Order in the Kingdom of Bohemia (present-day Czech ...
and in 1358, it was acquired by
Roman Catholic Diocese of Leitomischl
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Litomyšl (Czech; Leitomischl in German) was a medieval Latin Catholic bishopric in Litomyšl, Bohemia (then Holy Roman Empire, now Czech Republic) and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
History
* On April 30, 1 ...
. In 1371, an
Augustinian Augustinian may refer to:
*Augustinians, members of religious orders following the Rule of St Augustine
*Augustinianism, the teachings of Augustine of Hippo and his intellectual heirs
*Someone who follows Augustine of Hippo
* Canons Regular of Sain ...
monastery was founded. In 1421, the town was conquered by
Jan Žižka
Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha ( en, John Zizka of Trocnov and the Chalice; 1360 – 11 October 1424) was a Czech general – a contemporary and follower of Jan Hus and a Radical Hussite who led the Taborites. Žižka was a successful milit ...
. After the
Hussite Wars
The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, European monarchs loyal to the Cat ...
, the estate was acquired by the noble family of Kostka of Postupice. It began to prosper and obtained various privileges. In 1507, it was bought by the
Pernštejn family. Then it was shortly held by Hrzán of Harasov, and after the
Battle of White Mountain
), near Prague, Bohemian Confederation(present-day Czech Republic)
, coordinates =
, territory =
, result = Imperial-Spanish victory
, status =
, combatants_header =
, combatant1 = Catholic L ...
, it was bought by the
Liechtenstein family.
During the Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...
, the town was repeatedly burned down and looted by Swedish army
The Swedish Army ( sv, svenska armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces.
History
Svea Life Guards dates back to the year 1521, when the men of Dalarna chose 16 young able men as body guards for the insurgent nobleman Gustav Vas ...
and the catholicization began. After the war, the population was significantly decreased. It was repopulated by German settlers and in 1683, German has become the official language.[
During the 18th century, Lanškroun was an average serf town. In 1848, the serfdom was abolished and Lanškroun became a district town. In the 1870s, the industrialization began. The railway was built in 1884–1885.][
Until 1918, the town was part of the ]Austrian monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
(the Austrian side after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867), as the seat of the district Landskron in Bömen, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
. After 1919 it became part of Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
. In 1938 it was occupied by German troops as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, according to the Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement ( cs, Mnichovská dohoda; sk, Mníchovská dohoda; german: Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. It provided "cession to Germany ...
.
Until the expulsion
Expulsion or expelled may refer to:
General
* Deportation
* Ejection (sports)
* Eviction
* Exile
* Expeller pressing
* Expulsion (education)
* Expulsion from the United States Congress
* Extradition
* Forced migration
* Ostracism
* Persona non ...
of the German speaking population from Lanškroun in 1946, the majority of population of the town had been German. After the expulsion, the town became completely Czech. In 1945, it ceased to be a district town.[
]
Demographics
Sights
Lanškroun is known for its large Renaissance town hall, which is one of the symbols of the town. It was built in 1581–1582. The two original Renaissance portals are preserved.
The original monastery from the 14th century was rebuilt into a Renaissance castle. The reconstruction was completed in 1601. From the 1650s to 1716, it was rebuilt to its current appearance. Today it houses the town museum. The Church of Saint Wenceslaus is adjacent to the castle and stood here before the founding of the monastery. It was first mentioned in 1350 and originally was consecrated to the Virgin Mary. It was reconstructed several times, the tower was added in 1768.
Notable people
*Jan Marek Marci
Jan Marek Marci (german: Johannes Marcus Marci de Cronland; June 13, 1595April 10, 1667), or Johannes Marcus Marci, was a Bohemian doctor and scientist, rector of the University of Prague, and official physician to the Holy Roman Emperors. The c ...
(1595–1667), physician and scientist
*Josef Johann Steinmann Josef Johann Steinmann (8 March 1779, in Lanškroun – 9 July 1833, in Prague) was an Austrian pharmacist and chemist.
He worked as a pharmacist in Lanškroun and Prague, during which time, he conducted botanical investigations in the Riesengebir ...
(1779–1833), Austrian pharmacist and chemist
*Friedrich Gustav Piffl
Friedrich Gustav Piffl (15 October 1864 – 21 April 1932) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Vienna.
Gustav Piffl was born in Lanškroun, Bohemia, in what was then the Austrian Empire. He was the son of Rudolf Piffl ...
(1864–1932), Cardinal and Archbishop of Vienna
*Herwig Schopper
Herwig Franz Schopper (born 28 February 1924) is a Czech-born experimental physicist and was the director general of CERN from 1981 to 1988.
Biography
Schopper was born in Lanškroun, Bohemia, to a family of Austrian descent. He obtained his d ...
(born 1924), Czech-German experimental physicist
* Jan Smejkal (born 1946), chess player
*Jan Ambrož
Jan Ambrož (born 18 June 1954), is a Czech chess International Master (IM) (1980), Czechoslovak Chess Championship winner (1980), Chess Olympiad team silver medalist (1982).
Biography
Jan Ambrož achieved the greatest success in his chess car ...
(born 1954), chess player
* Ludmila Müllerová (born 1954), politician
* Robert Dušek (born 1967), politician
*Roman Šebrle
Roman Šebrle (; born 26 November 1974) is a retired decathlete from the Czech Republic. He is considered to be one of the best decathlon athletes of all time. Originally a high jumper, he later switched to the combined events and is a former worl ...
(born 1974), decathlete, Olympic winner
Twin towns – sister cities
Lanškroun is twinned with:
* Castiglione in Teverina
Castiglione in Teverina is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region Lazio, located about northwest of Rome and about northeast of Viterbo.
History
Castiglione is located in an area once settled by the Etruscan ...
, Italy
* Dzierżoniów
Dzierżoniów (; szl, Rychbach; german: Reichenbach im Eulengebirge ) is a town located at the foot of the Owl Mountains in southwestern Poland, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975 to 1998 in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship). It is ...
, Poland
* Hajdúszoboszló
Hajdúszoboszló () is a town in Hajdú-Bihar county, Hungary, southwest of county seat Debrecen. It is the third largest town in Hajdú-Bihar county.
Etymology
The name comes from a Slavic personal name Soběslav (see e.g. Soběslav, Soběsl ...
, Hungary
* Kežmarok
Kežmarok (german: Kesmark or ; hu, Késmárk, yi, קעזמאַרק, Kezmark, pl, Kieżmark) is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia (population 16,000), on the Poprad River. Prior to World War I, it was in Szepes county in the ...
, Slovakia
* Serock
Serock is a town at the north bank of the Zegrze lake in the Legionowo County, Masovian Voivodeship
The Masovian Voivodeship, also known as the Mazovia Province ( pl, województwo mazowieckie ) is a voivodeship (province) in east-central P ...
, Poland
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lanskroun
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
Populated places in Ústí nad Orlicí District
Populated places established in the 13th century