Lanivtsi (; russian: Лановцы, Lanovtsy; ; yi, לאַנאָוויץ, Lanovits), is a city in

Kremenets Raion Kremenets Raion ( uk, Кременецький район) is a raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Kremenets. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukra ...

Ternopil Oblast Ternopil Oblast ( uk, Тернопі́льська о́бласть, translit=Ternopilska oblast; also referred to as Ternopilshchyna, uk, Терно́пільщина, label=none, or Ternopillia, uk, Тернопілля, label=none) is an obl ...

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. The population is 8,680 as of 2001. It hosts the administration of

Lanivtsi urban hromada Lanivtsi urban territorial hromada ( uk, Лановецька територіальна громада, translit=Lanovetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center i ...

, one of the

hromada A hromada ( uk, територіальна громада, lit=territorial community, translit=terytorialna hromada) is a basic unit of administrative division in Ukraine, similar to a municipality. It was established by the Government of Ukra ...

s of Ukraine. Current population:

History

Lanivtsi received a town charter in 1545 from the Polish king. Until the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...

, it was part of Volhynian Voivodeship. Ashkenazy Jews began to settle there later. In 1795 - 1918, Lanivtsi was occupied by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

. In 1897 the Jewish population numbered 1,174 of a total of 2,525 in the city. Numbers of Jews were killed in

pogroms A pogrom () is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russian ...

, and others emigrated to western Europe or the United States. By 1921 their population in the city was 640. There was a

Tarbut The word Tarbut (תרבות) means "Culture" in Hebrew. The Tarbut movement was a network of secular, Hebrew-language schools in parts of the former Jewish Pale of Settlement, specifically in Poland, Romania and Lithuania. It operated primarily bet ...

school and yeshiva, and many of the younger people became

Zionists Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after ''Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Jew ...

.Yad Vashem, "Lanowce", ''The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: K-Sered''
New York: NYU Press, 2001, p. 750 In the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...

between the world wars, Lanivtsi, known then as Łanowce, belonged to Krzemieniec County, Volhynian Voivodeship. For centuries, Lanivtsi was the center of an area of large estates that belonged to several noble families, such as the Jelowicki,

Wiśniowiecki The House of Wiśniowiecki ( uk, Вишневе́цькі, ''Vyshnevetski''; lt, Višnioveckiai}) was a Polish-Lithuanian princely family of Ruthenian-Lithuanian origin, notable in the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. They we ...

, Mniszech and Rzewuski. In 1939 the town was invaded by the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

, and then invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, with occupation starting July 3 of that year. With the help of Ukrainian guards, the Germans created a Jewish

ghetto A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished t ...

in Łanowce, where Jews worked as forced laborers. Jews from neighboring villages were transported and confined there in 1942. From August 13-14, 1942, the Germans and Ukrainians murdered a total of 1,833 Jews beside open pits, where they were buried in mass graves. Few survived the Holocaust. Until 18 July 2020, Lanivtsi was the administrative center of

Lanivtsi Raion Lanivtsi Raion ( uk, Лановецький район) was a raion in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Lanivtsi. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduc ...

. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Lanivtsi Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion.

References

{{Authority control Cities in Ternopil Oblast Towns of district significance in Ukraine Kremenetsky Uyezd