Langham, Dorset

Gillingham ( ) is a town and civil parish in the Blackmore Vale area of Dorset, England. It lies on the B3095 and B3081 roads, approximately south of the A303 trunk road and northwest of Shaftesbury. It is the most northerly town in the county. In the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 11,756. The neighbouring hamlets of Peacemarsh, Bay and Wyke have become part of Gillingham as it has expanded.

Gillingham is pronounced with a hard initial "g" (), unlike Gillingham, Kent, which is pronounced with a soft "g" ().

History

There is a Stone Age barrow in the town, and evidence of Roman settlement in the 2nd and 3rd centuries; however the town was established by the Saxons. The church of St Mary the Virgin has a Saxon cross shaft dating from the 9th century.

The name Gillingham was used for the town in its 10th century Saxon charter, and also in an entry for 1016 in the annals, as the location of a battle between Edmund Ironside and the Vikings. In the Domesday Book in 1086 it is recorded as ''Gelingeham'', and later spellings include ''Gellingeham'' in 1130, ''Gyllingeham'' in 1152 and ''Gilingeham'' in 1209. The name derives from a personal name plus the Old English ''inga'' and ''hām'', and means a homestead of the family or followers of a man called Gylla.

Half of the town's population of 2,000 died of the Black Death in the four months following October 1348.

In the Middle Ages, Gillingham was the site of a royal hunting lodge, visited by Kings Henry I, Henry II, John and Henry III. A nearby royal forest, Gillingham Forest, was set aside for the king's deer. The lodge fell into disrepair and was destroyed in 1369 by Edward III of England, Edward III.

Edward Rawson (politician), Edward Rawson, the first secretary to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was born in Gillingham.

Gillingham became a local farming centre, gained the first grammar school in Dorset in 1516 and a silk mill in 1769. Gillingham's church has a 14th-century chancel, though most of the rest of the building was built in the 19th and 20th centuries. Many other buildings in the town are of Tudor dynasty, Tudor origin.

In the 1820s, the artist John Constable stayed at Gillingham vicarage and, being impressed by the beauty of the countryside, executed several local sketches and paintings. His painting of the old town bridge is in the Tate Gallery. In the 1850s, the arrival of the railway to the town brought prosperity and new industries including brickmaking, cheese production, printing, soap manufacture and at the end of the 19th century one of the first petrol engine plants in the country. In the Second World War Gillingham's position on the railway from London to Exeter was key to its rapid growth. In 1940 and 1941 there was large-scale Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II, evacuation of London and other industrial cities to rural towns, particularly in the north, southwest and Wales. Gillingham grew rapidly because of this.

Gillingham was the centre of a Gillingham (liberty), liberty of the same name.

Demography

In the 2011 census Gillingham civil parish had 5,345 dwellings, 5,107 households and a population of 11,756.

The population of the parish in the censuses between 1921 and 2011 is shown in the table below:

Governance

Gillingham is divided into four Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom, electoral wards: Gillingham Town, Lodbourne, Milton and Wyke. Their total population in the United Kingdom Census 2011, 2011 census was 9,799. They form part of the constituency of North Dorset (UK Parliament constituency), North Dorset, which is currently represented in the UK parliament by the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Simon Hoare.

Economy and society

Gillingham has good transport links, being south of the A303 road, A303, the main road from London to the South West England, South West, and having a Gillingham (Dorset) railway station, railway station on the Exeter to London railway line. Salisbury is about 30 minutes away by train, and 50 minutes by car. It is approximately two hours into central London, with trains arriving at London Waterloo station, Waterloo.

The town has 70 shops and two commercial estates (Brickfields Business Park and Brickfields Industrial Estate) and the Gillingham education area has 7 primary schools (4 in the town) and 1 secondary school.

The town plays host to the annual 'Gillingham & Shaftesbury Show', which is an agricultural show held every August at the showground on the outskirts of the town. Gillingham Town Carnival is held every October.

The biggest sports club in the town is North Dorset Rugby Football Club, North Dorset Rugby Club. This is located at Slaughtergate on the west side of Gillingham. The town also has a Non-League football club, Gillingham Town F.C., Gillingham Town, which plays at Woodwater Lane.

Until 2009, when it ceased for financial reasons, Gillingham hosted an annual 10-day festival of music and sport. Gillingham has had a brass band since 1928 and perform at civic events and carnivals.

See also

* List of hundreds in Dorset

References

Further reading

External links

Gillingham Town CouncilGillingham Museum

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Gillingham, Dorset,
Towns in Dorset
Civil parishes in Dorset