Hangar No. 1 is an airship hangar located at Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. It was the intended destination of the rigid airship LZ 129 ''Hindenburg'' prior to the ''Hindenburg'' disaster on May 6, 1937, when it burned while landing. Built in 1921, it is one of the oldest surviving structures associated with that period's development of

lighter-than-air A lifting gas or lighter-than-air gas is a gas that has a density lower than normal atmospheric gases and rises above them as a result. It is required for aerostats to create buoyancy, particularly in lighter-than-air aircraft, which include fre ...

flight. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968.

Description

In 1921 the US Navy established Lakehurst Naval Air Station to serve as its headquarters for

flight. The new base became the center for experimentation and development of rigid airships for strategic and commercial purposes as well as the control station for all Naval lighter-than-air flights. Hangar No. 1 was the first major facility built at Lakehurst to house the huge helium-filled dirigibles. The hangar was completed in 1921 by the Lord Construction Company, with trusses erected by the Bethlehem Steel Company. The hangar is long, wide and high, with a floor area of . The hangar is typical of airship hangar designs of World War I, utilizing counterbalanced doors similar to hangars built in Great Britain. At each end are two pairs of massive steel doors mounted on railroad tracks. These double doors are structurally separate from the hangar itself. Each

counterbalance A counterweight is a weight that, by applying an opposite force, provides balance and stability of a mechanical system. The purpose of a counterweight is to make lifting the load faster and more efficient, which saves energy and causes less wear ...

d door weighs 1,350 tons and is powered by two 20- horsepower motors, although provisions were made to open the doors manually, which required the assembled manpower of nine men. Service

mezzanines A mezzanine (; or in Italian language, Italian, a ''mezzanino'') is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the double-height ceilinged floor below, or which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building, a loft ...

are located on each side of the hangar. The hangar also had a system of railroad tracks that led to the mooring areas outside the hangar. The hangar was large enough to house two rigid airships as well as additional non-rigid airships ( blimps).

Operations

Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00828, Lakehurst, Luftschiffe ZR-3 und ZR-1

The hangar was used to construct the USS ''Shenandoah'' (ZR-1) from 1922 to 1923. On September 4, 1923, the ship made a brief maiden flight in the vicinity of Lakehurst and was christened on October 10, 1923. In 1924 the US Navy obtained its second rigid airship built in Germany and delivered to the United States as a war reparation payment. The USS ''Los Angeles'' (ZR-3) shared Hangar No. 1 with the USS ''Shenandoah''. The hangar also provided service and storage for other airships including the ''Graf Zeppelin'' (LZ 127), USS ''Macon'' (ZRS-5), USS ''Akron'' (ZRS-4) as well as the German LZ 129 ''Hindenburg'' during its transatlantic flights. Today the hangar holds a mock aircraft carrier flight deck, used as a training facility for

aircraft carrier An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a ...

flight deck personnel. The East Coast Indoor Modelers club, a chartered club within the auspices of the United States' official aeromodeling organization, the Academy of Model Aeronautics, has been allowed to use the hangar since 1926 to fly indoor free flight model aircraft, these self-powered aircraft models benefit from the large wind-free open space of the hangar. Since 1994,

Ocean County Vocational Technical School The Ocean County Vocational Technical School is a public school district based in Toms River that provides technical and vocational education to residents of Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. The district provides a number of full-time p ...

has operated its Career & Technical Institute in the hangar, the institute offers adult tech programs in aviation and electronic technologies. In addition to Hangar No. 1 there are five other airship hangars at Lakehurst, which today are used for training, testing and storage. File:USS Shenandoah Bau.jpg, USS ''Shenandoah'' (ZR-1) under construction inside the airship hangar No. 1 in 1923. File:LZ 129 Hindenburg with RD-4 over Lakehurst May 1936.jpg , ''Hindenburg'' arrival at Lakehurst, May 9, 1936. With Hangar One and USS ''Los Angeles'' (ZR-3) moored in the background. File:NAS Lakehurst NAN5-48.jpg, Hangar N°1 on the Naval Air Station Lakehurst, about 1946/47.

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography