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Laihka State ( shn, လၢႆးၶႃႈ), also spelt Legya or Lecha ( my, လဲချား), was a state in the central division of the Southern
Shan States
The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called ''muang'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India.
The term "Shan States" was firs ...
of
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
, with an area of .
The general character of the state was hilly and broken, with a mean altitude of a little under . The main rivers were the
Nam Teng
Teng River or Nam Teng is a river of Shan State, eastern Burma. It is a tributary of the Salween River.
Course
The river has its source in the Shan Hills north of Mongkung and flows roughly eastwards and then southwards past the towns of Kawnlan ...
, an important tributary of the
Salween
, ''Mae Nam Salawin'' (
, name_etymology =
, image = Sweet_View_of_Salween_River_in_Tang_Yan_Township,_Shan_State,_Myanmar.jpg
, image_size =
, image_caption = Salween River in Shan State, Myanmar
, map ...
, and the
Nam Pawn
This is a list of rivers in Myanmar (also known as Burma).
This list is arranged by drainage basin from east to west, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name.
Indian Ocean
* Nāf River
* Kaladan River
* Lemro Riv ...
. Laihka, located in the
plain
In geography, a plain is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands ...
of the Nam Teng, was the capital where the
saopha
Chao-Pha (; Ahom language, Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the T ...
had his palace ''(haw)''. The town of
Panglong, where the
Panglong Agreement
The Panglong Agreement ( my, ပင်လုံစာချုပ် ) was reached in Panglong, Southern Shan State, between the Burmese government under Aung San and the Shan, Kachin, and Chin peoples on 12 February 1947. Aung Zan Wai, Pe ...
took place, is located close to Laihka.
History
Traditional legends talk about a predecessor kingdom in the area named Hansavadi.
Laihka State was founded in 1505 as a state subordinated to
Hsenwi State
Hsenwi ( shn, သဵၼ်ႈဝီ; tdd, ᥔᥦᥢᥲ ᥝᥤᥴ), also known as Theinni ( my, သိန္နီ), was a Shan state in the Northern Shan States in what is today Burma. The capital was Hsenwi town.
History
Most Tai Yai chronicl ...
.
On the downfall of
King
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king.
*In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...
Thibaw civil war broke out, and reduced the population to a few hundred. In 1901 it had risen again to 25,811. About seven-ninths of the land under cultivation consisted of wet
rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima
''Oryza glaberrima'', commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown i ...
cultivation. A certain amount of upland rice was also cultivated, and
cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor perce ...
,
sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with ...
and
garden
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is ''control''. The garden can incorporate both ...
produce made up the rest. Laihka, the capital, was noted for its
iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in f ...
work, both the iron and the implements made being produced at
Pang Long
Pang Long (; born May 2, 1971) is a Chinese singer. ''Two Butterflies'' and ''You are My Rose'' are his representative works.
Biography
Pang was born in Fuxin, Liaoning, China in 1971, his father is a miner, he has 3 older sisters.
After ...
in the west of the state. This and
lacquerware
Lacquerware are objects decoratively covered with lacquer. Lacquerware includes small or large containers, tableware, a variety of small objects carried by people, and larger objects such as furniture and even coffins painted with lacquer. Befor ...
were the chief exports, as also a considerable amount of
pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and por ...
. The imports were chiefly cotton piece-goods and
salt
Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in the form of a natural crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantitie ...
.
Rulers
The rulers bore the title
Myosa
Myoza or Myosa ( my, မြို့စား}) is a high-ranking royal title and position for Burmese royalty and nobility.
History
The monarch had all the power to control everything in the kingdom. Below the monarch rank, minor queens, princes, ...
until mid nineteenth century.
Shan and Karenni States of Burma
/ref>
Myosas
*1734 - 1794 Khun Lek
*1794 - 1803 Law Na
*1803 - 1807 La Hkam
*1807 - 18.. Hkun Lek
Saophas
The ritual style was ''Kambawsa Rahta Mahawunths Thiri Thudamaraza''. The saopha start at 1505 the first Sao Khrua Hpa and in 1542 the linege of him is vacant Sao Hkun Möng the saopha of Hsipaw
Hsipaw ( shn, သီႇပေႃႉ; Tai Nuea: ᥔᥤᥴ ᥙᥨᥝᥳ), also known as Thibaw ( my, သီပေါ), is the principal town of Hsipaw Township in Shan State, Myanmar on the banks of the Duthawadi River. It is north-east of Mandal ...
send his son Hkun Naw to be the saopha here
Saophas:
* 1505–1542 Sao Khrua Hpa
* 1542–1579 Hso Naw Hpa
* 1579–1609 Hso Kloung Hpa
* 1609–1628 Hso Hon Hpa
* 1628–1650 Hso Sieng Hpa
* 1650–1670 Sao San Hpa
* 1670–1687 Ngok Shin Hpa
* 1687–1702 Pong Awk Phyu
* 1702–1715 Sao Hkam Pan
* 1715–1745 Sao Perng Long
* 1745–1771 Sao Tern Möng
* 1771–1794 Sao Sai Hkam
* 1794–1803 Hkun Law Hpa
* 1803–1807 Sao Hla Hkam
* 1807–1854 Hkun Lek Hpa
* 1854–1856 Hkun Aung Hkam (Shwe Taung Kyaw)
* 1856–1860 Hkun Long Kyit Hpa
* 1860–1862 Sao Hkam Möng (1st time)
* 1862–1866 Hkun Hkwang Hpa
* 1866–1868 Sao Nang Kyam Faung .... (female)
* 1868–1879 Sao Hkam Möng (2nd time)
* 1879–1882 Vacant
* 1882–1928 Hkun Lai
* 1928–1952 Sao Num
References
External links
"Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states"
Shan States
1505 establishments in Asia
{{Burma-geo-stub