Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant (LVNPP) is located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, in
Alto Lucero Alto Lucero (formally: Alto Lucero de Gutiérrez Barrios) is a city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located at , some 35 km from state capital Xalapa. It serves as the administrative centre for the surrounding municipality of the same name. ...
,
Veracruz
Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...
,
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
. It is the only
nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant (NPP) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a electric generator, generato ...
in Mexico and produces about 4.5% of the country's electrical energy. It consists of two units GE
Boiling Water Reactors
A boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power. It is a design different from a Soviet graphite-moderated RBMK. It is the second most common type of electricity-generating nuc ...
(BWR-5) each one with installed capacity of 682
MW using
low enriched uranium
Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 (written 235U) has been increased through the process of isotope separation. Naturally occurring uranium is composed of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (238U ...
(3%) as fuel. Unit-1 (U-1) started its operation on July 29, 1990. Unit-2 (U-2) started its operation on April 10, 1995. Initial architects in 1975 for the plant were Burns and Roe Inc and later Ebasco Services designed and supervised the project. The steam turbine and other components were manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric.
The plant is owned and operated by
Comisión Federal de Electricidad
The Comisión Federal de Electricidad ( en, Federal Electricity Commission) is the state-owned electric utility of Mexico, widely known as CFE. It is the country's dominant electric company, and the country's second most powerful state-owned comp ...
(CFE), the national electric company owned by the Mexican government.
Laguna Verde has been considered a strategic facility for the National Power System (
SEN
Sen may refer to:
Surname
* Sen (surname), a Bengali surname
* Şen, a Turkish surname
* A variant of the Serer patronym Sène
Currency subunit
* Etymologically related to the English word ''cent''; a hundredth of the following currencies:
** ...
) due to its high power generation capacity, lowest operating cost, and frequency and voltage regulation capacity. All the electric power generated is delivered to its single client, the National Energy Control Center (CENACE). CENACE is entrusted with the function of planning, directing, and supervising the transmission and distribution of electric power to end users. CENACE has classified LVNPP as Base Load Power Plant since the beginning of its operations.
The annual generation average for LVNPP in the last 5 years has been of 10.5 TWh, electric energy sufficient to meet the demand of more than 4 million inhabitants.
In 2020 the Ministry of Energy authorised the operating licence extension for unit 1 of an additional 30 years, to a 60 year lifetime to 2050.
Description
The generation of electric power at the CLV is based on the technology of
nuclear fission
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radio ...
of
uranium
Uranium is a chemical element with the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weak ...
atoms, which takes place in the reactor. The energy released by the nuclear fission is transferred as heat from the fuel to the cooling water, which boils into steam. The quality of steam is controlled through a separator and dryer. The separator and dryer are part of the internal processes of the reactor pressure vessel. The turbine transforms power from steam (kinetic energy) into mechanical energy causing an electric generator to move (electric power production). Once the steam has gone through the turbine, it is cooled in a condenser; the water obtained in this manner is pumped again toward the nuclear reactor, to restart the generation cycle.
Steam flow rate from each reactor is 3944 kilotons/hour (kt/h) to generate 682 MW of electric power. Both Reactor Units (U1 and U2) operate using 444 enriched uranium assemblies, storing power equal to 38.9 million oil barrels. This nuclear fuel is specifically designed to be admitted into the core of the reactor. The fuel is purchased only from qualified vendors worldwide. After 18 months of operation, between 25% and 30% of the nuclear fuel is replaced. This activity is called "Refueling Outage" process.
Power Uprate
In 2007 CFE signed a contract with an investment of USD 600 million to increase the original capability of each of the units of Laguna Verde by 20%, equivalent to 255 MW, in order to tend the growth of the demand of electric power in Mexico. This power uprate will allow to LVNPP an additional annual generation of 2.1 TWh, equivalent to the demand of a city of 800 thousand inhabitants.
GE and CFE jointly performed the engineering analysis to determine the necessary plant modifications and to support the safety analysis report necessary for approval of the power uprate by the Mexican nuclear regulator National Commission on Nuclear Safety and Safeguards (CNSNS).
Work began in 2008 by
Iberdrola and
Alstom
Alstom SA is a French multinational rolling stock manufacturer operating worldwide in rail transport markets, active in the fields of passenger transportation, signalling, and locomotives, with products including the AGV, TGV, Eurostar, Avelia ...
and is expected to finish late 2010. The main modifications consist in a turbine and condenser retrofit and the replacement of the electric generator,
main steam reheater and the
feedwater heater. The budget for the project is USD 605 million.
Laguna Verde Power Uprate and Modernization Project
Awards
The following table shows the chronologic developments at Laguna Verde.
Laguna Verde has obtained several awards. The plant received the National Quality Award
IFCT
2007), and Golden Award from Iberoamerican Foundation for Quality Management
FUNDIBEQ
2009).
In 2009, Laguna Verde obtained Annual recognition as a Socially Responsible Enterprise awarded by the Mexican Center for Philanthropy.
See also
* Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced b ...
* Probabilistic Risk Assessment
References
External links
México apostará fuerte a explotar “energías limpias”, incluida la nuclear
''
La Crónica de Hoy
'' 31 March 2010)
Repotenciación de la planta de energía nuclear en Laguna Verde
'
Mexican Presidency Official Website
'' 22 May 2006)
Profile of Laguna Verde NPP
(Publication insid
WANO
{dead link, date=December 2017 , bot=InternetArchiveBot , fix-attempted=yes , Volume 13 Number 2 Year 2005)
FUNDIBEQ
2009)
Conoce sobre la generación de Energía Eléctrica por medios NuclearesCFE
Listado de centrales nucleoeléctricas generadoras en MéxicoCFE
Nuclear power stations in Mexico
Buildings and structures in Veracruz
Veracruz (city)