The Ladinian is a
stage and
age
Age or AGE may refer to:
Time and its effects
* Age, the amount of time someone or something has been alive or has existed
** East Asian age reckoning, an Asian system of marking age starting at 1
* Ageing or aging, the process of becoming older ...
in the
Middle Triassic series or
epoch. It spans the time between
Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the
Anisian and succeeded by the
Carnian (part of the
Upper or Late Triassic).
The Ladinian is coeval with the
Falangian regional stage used in
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.
Stratigraphic definitions
The Ladinian was established by Austrian geologist
Alexander Bittner
Alexander Bittner (16 March 1850, in Friedland – 31 March 1902, in Vienna) was an Austrian paleontologist and geologist.
Following graduation from the University of Vienna in 1873, he remained in Vienna as an assistant to Eduard Suess. In 1874 ...
in 1892. Its name comes from the
Ladin people that live in the
Italian Alps (in the
Dolomites, then part of
Austria-Hungary).
The base of the Ladinian Stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the
ammonite
Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These molluscs, commonly referred to as ammonites, are more closely related to living coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid and cuttlefish) ...
species ''
Eoprotrachyceras curionii'' first appears or the first appearance of the conodont ''
Budurovignathus praehungaricus
''Budurovignathus'' is an extinct genus of conodont.
Use in stratigraphy
The Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic is defined by the first appearance of ''Budurovignathus praehungaricus''.
The global reference profile for the base (the GSSP ...
''. The global reference profile for the base (the
GSSP) is at an
outcrop in the
river bed of the
Caffaro river at
Bagolino
Bagolino (Brescian: ) is a ''comune'' in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy, in the valley of the river Caffaro, on the right side of Valle Sabbia. Bagolino is known for the cheese named Bagòss and the carnival. Similar to grana padano ...
, in the
province of Brescia, northern
Italy.
[The GSSP was established by Brack ''et al.'' (2005)] The top of the Ladinian (the base of the Carnian) is at the first appearance of ammonite species ''
Daxatina canadensis''.
The Ladinian is sometimes subdivided into two subages or substages, the Fassanian (early or lower) and the Longobardian (late or upper). The Ladinian contains four ammonite biozones, which are evenly distributed among the two substages:
*zone of ''
Frechites regoledanus''
*zone of ''
Protrachyceras archelaus''
*zone of ''Protrachyceras gredleri''
*zone of ''Eoprotrachyceras curionii''
Ladinian life
References
Notes
Literature
*; 2005: ''The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) and its implications for the Triassic time scale'', Episodes 28(4), pp. 233–244.
*; 2004: ''A Geologic Time Scale 2004'',
Cambridge University Press.
External links
GeoWhen Database - LadinianUpper Triassican
Lower Triassictimescales, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
*Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy: ''Stratigraphic charts for the Triassic''
an
{{Authority control
Ladinian,
*02
Geological ages
Triassic geochronology