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''Lactarius porninsis'', the larch milkcap, is a member of the large milk-cap genus ''
The species was described by French botanist
Lactarius
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like ...
'' in the order Russulales. It is found in Europe and Asia, where it grows in a mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant ...
l association with larch.
Taxonomy
The species was described by French botanist Léon Louis Rolland
Léon Louis Rolland (10 December 1841 – 11 June 1912) was a French mycologist.
Early life
Rolland, whose father was an engineer and director of the coal mines in the region, began his secondary education at the lycée (high school) of Anger ...
in 1889. Rolland collected the species in Zermatt, Switzerland
Zermatt () is a municipality in the district of Visp in the German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a year-round population of about 5,800 and is classified as a town by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO).
...
. ''Lactarius porninae'' is an orthographic variant. Otto Kuntze
Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze (23 June 1843 – 27 January 1907) was a German botanist.
Biography
Otto Kuntze was born in Leipzig.
An apothecary in his early career, he published an essay entitled ''Pocket Fauna of Leipzig''. Between 1863 and 1866 he ...
placed it in the genus '' Lactifluus'' in 1898. The specific epithet
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...
''porninsis'' honours Rolland's colleague M. Pornin.
Description
The cap is initially hemispherical with a margin that is rolled inward, later flattening to become convex or flat with a depressed center and margin that curves upward slightly; it reaches in diameter. The cap surface has a felt-like texture and is slightly sticky to the touch. Its colour is orange to yellow-brown or orange-brown, with concentric rings that are palest near the margin. The thin, crowded gills have an adnate to slightly decurrent attachment to the stipe, and are a pale pinkish- buff colour. The cylindric stipe measures long by thick, and tapers slightly both near the top and the base. It has a smooth surface and ranges in colour from pale cream to pinkish-buff. The spore print is cream, while thespore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...
s are ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation.
An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the ...
, measuring 6.3–9.6 by 5.2–7.3 μm
The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Unit ...
. They have an incompletely reticulated surface with ridges up to 0.5 μm high. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are somewhat club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 40–50 by 10–13 μm.
Edibility
The fruit bodies of ''Lactarius porninsis'' are edible. It is one of several ''Lactarius'' species sold in rural markets in China.Habitat and distribution
''Lactarius porninsis'' ismycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant ...
l with larch. It is common in mountain forests of central Europe, where it fruits from July to November. In Asia, it is found in China and Japan.
Chemistry
The fruit bodies contain fatty acid esters, which, when the fruit body is injured, are rapidly converted to the farnesane-type sesquiterpenes porninsal and porninsol. These chemicals are part of a wound-activated chemical defense system that helps protect the mushroom against parasites and predators.See also
* List of ''Lactarius'' speciesReferences
External links
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1574908 porninsis Edible fungi Fungi described in 1889 Fungi of Asia Fungi of Europe Fungus species