''Laccotrephes'' is a genus of

water scorpion Nepidae is a family of exclusively aquatic Heteropteran insects in the order Hemiptera. They are commonly called water scorpions for their superficial resemblance to scorpions, due to their raptorial forelegs and the presence of a long slender p ...

belonging to the family

Nepidae Nepidae is a family of exclusively aquatic Heteropteran insects in the order Hemiptera. They are commonly called water scorpions for their superficial resemblance to scorpions, due to their raptorial forelegs and the presence of a long slender p ...

. They are carnivorous insects that hunt near the water surface. They are not aggressive, but may inflict a painful bite if not handled carefully, which may cause a local reaction. There are about 60 species found in shallow stagnant or slow-moving waters in warm parts of Africa, Asia and Australia.

Anatomy

300px, ''Laccotrephes'' species in South Africa They are dark brown to rufous brown, elongate and flattened, aquatic insects with hooked raptorial forelegs and a long, thin tube (or siphon) protruding from the tip of the abdomen. The respiratory siphon consists of two filaments which are extensions of the eighth abdominal tergum. These in unison form an air duct which takes in air from above the water surface (similar to a snorkel). Air is fed via the tracheal system and spiracles on the dorsum of the first abdominal segment to an air store under the elytra.

Populations

The genus contains two distinguishable assemblages, with respectively

Afrotropical The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ...

and

Indomalayan The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indi ...

Australasian Australasian is the adjectival form of Australasia, a geographical region including Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continen ...

centers of diversity. The two assemblages overlap only in Iran. Morphology of the male

paramere Parameres ('side parts') are part of the external reproductive organs of male insects and the term was first used by Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff, Verhoeff in 1893 for the lateral genital lobes in Coleoptera. The primary phallic lobes which appear in th ...

is important in distinguishing species.

Species

The following are included in ''BioLib.cz'':BioLib.cz: "Laccotrephes" Stål, 1866 (retrieved 11 January 2021)
/ref> * '' Laccotrephes ampliatus'' (Montandon, 1895) * '' Laccotrephes annulipes'' (Laporte in Silbermann, 1833) * '' Laccotrephes archipelagi'' (Ferrari, 1888) * '' Laccotrephes armatus'' Montandon, 1898 * '' Laccotrephes armipes'' Montandon, 1909 * '' Laccotrephes ater'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * '' Laccotrephes basilewskyi'' Poisson, 1955 * '' Laccotrephes biei'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes biimpresus'' Montandon, 1913 * '' Laccotrephes bokumai'' Poisson, 1960 * '' Laccotrephes brachialis'' Gerstaecker, 1873 – Africa * '' Laccotrephes breddini'' Montandon, 1913 * '' Laccotrephes brevicaudatus'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes calcar'' Distant, 1904 * '' Laccotrephes calcaratus'' Montandon, 1898 * '' Laccotrephes celebensis'' Polhemus & Keffer, 1999 –

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

* '' Laccotrephes chinensis'' (Hoffmann, 1925) * '' Laccotrephes collarti'' Poisson, 1940 * '' Laccotrephes dentatus'' (Ferrari, 1888) * '' Laccotrephes depressus'' (Montandon, 1895) * '' Laccotrephes dilatatus'' (Montandon, 1895) * '' Laccotrephes dipidii'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes dissimulatus'' Montandon, 1912 – Africa * '' Laccotrephes dubia'' Ferrari, 1888 * '' Laccotrephes ellipticus'' Gerstaecker, 1892 * '' Laccotrephes elongatus'' Montandon, 1907 * '' Laccotrephes erekhtheus'' Linnavuori, 1971 * '' Laccotrephes eusoma'' (Ferrari, 1888) * ''

Laccotrephes fabricii ''Laccotrephes'' is a genus of water scorpion belonging to the family Nepidae. They are carnivorous insects that hunt near the water surface. They are not aggressive, but may inflict a painful bite if not handled carefully, which may cause a loca ...

'' Stål, 1868 – Africa * '' Laccotrephes flavovenosa'' (Dohrn, 1860) * '' Laccotrephes fuscus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Laccotrephes gomai'' Poisson, 1960 * '' Laccotrephes griseus'' (Gúerin-Méneville, 1835) * '' Laccotrephes grossus'' (Fabricius, 1787) * '' Laccotrephes hyperion'' Linnavuori, 1971 * '' Laccotrephes ingens'' Ferrari, 1888 * †'' Laccotrephes incertus'' Popov, 1971 * '' Laccotrephes irresectus'' Montandon, 1914 * '' Laccotrephes japonensis'' Scott, 1874 * '' Laccotrephes kabarei'' Poisson, 1960 * '' Laccotrephes kafakumbai'' Poisson, 1957 * '' Laccotrephes kahuzii'' Poisson, 1960 * '' Laccotrephes kakyeloi'' Poisson, 1957 * '' Laccotrephes katekei'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes kazibae'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes keilak'' Linnavuori, 1971 * '' Laccotrephes latimanus'' Montandon, 1909 * '' Laccotrephes limosoides'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes limosus'' Stål, 1865 * '' Laccotrephes longicaudatus'' Nieser, Zettel & Chen, 2009 * '' Laccotrephes lupialae'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes maculatus'' (Fabricius, 1775) * '' Laccotrephes mancinii'' Poisson, 1957 * '' Laccotrephes masombwei'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes mozambica'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes niala'' Linnavuori, 1981 * '' Laccotrephes occultus'' Lundblad, 1933 * '' Laccotrephes oculatus'' Montandon, 1898 * '' Laccotrephes overlaeti'' Poisson, 1957 * '' Laccotrephes palestinensis'' Nieser, Chen & Guilbert, 2009 * '' Laccotrephes papuus'' Montandon, 1900 * '' Laccotrephes pfeiferiae'' (Ferrari, 1888) – Southeast Asia * '' Laccotrephes pseudoampliatus'' Poisson, 1956 * '' Laccotrephes pseudoater'' Poisson, 1954 * '' Laccotrephes robustior'' Zettel, 2008 * '' Laccotrephes robustus'' Stal, 1871 * '' Laccotrephes ruber'' (Linnaeus, 1764) * '' Laccotrephes simulatus'' Montandon, 1913 * '' Laccotrephes sondaicus'' J. Polhemus & Keffer, 1999 –

Sumbawa Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast. Along with Lombok, it forms the province of West Nusa Tenggara, but there ...

and

Flores Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. Including the Komodo Islands off its west coast (but excluding the Solor Archipelago to the east of Flores), the land area is 15,530.58 km2, and th ...

* '' Laccotrephes steindachneri'' (Ferrari, 1888) * '' Laccotrephes tristis'' (Stål, 1854) – Australia * '' Laccotrephes vicinus'' (Signoret, 1863) – Africa

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q18224042 Nepidae Nepomorpha genera