''La Caricature'' was a satirical weekly published French periodical that was distributed in Paris between 1830 and 1843 during the

July Monarchy The July Monarchy (french: Monarchie de Juillet), officially the Kingdom of France (french: Royaume de France), was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 26 July 1830, with the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 23 F ...

. Its cartoons repeatedly attacked King

Louis Philippe Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary War ...

, whom it typically depicted as a pear.

History

''La Caricature morale, politique et littéraire'' was published from 1830 to 1843. Auguste Audibert was editor and

Charles Philipon Charles Philipon (19 April 1800 – 25 January 1861) was a French lithographer, caricaturist and journalist. He was the founder and director of the satirical political journals '' La Caricature'' and of ''Le Charivari''. Early life Cha ...

(1800–61) was director and main author. Honoré de Balzac and Louis Desnoyers assisted Philipon in writing some of the magazines issues. Primary artists were Honoré Daumier and Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville with caricature contributions from many artists including Henry Monnier, Alexandre Decamps, Auguste Raffet, Paul Gavarni, Achille Devéria, Auguste Desperret, Eugène Forest, Benjamin Roubaud. The journal was founded after the censorship laws had been relaxed following the

July Revolution The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (french: révolution de Juillet), Second French Revolution, or ("Three Glorious ays), was a second French Revolution after the first in 1789. It led to the overthrow of King ...

of 1830 in which Louis Philippe came to power. It covered both politics and art. 251 issues appeared between 1830 and 1835, each of four pages, with two or three lithographs. Philipon was the owner of the largest printing house in Paris equipped with lithographic presses, and used them to print ''La Caricature'' and ''

Le Charivari ''Le Charivari'' was an illustrated magazine published in Paris, France, from 1832 to 1937. It published caricatures, political cartoons and reviews. After 1835, when the government banned political caricature, ''Le Charivari'' began publishing ...

'', another illustrated paper. He drew together a group of skilled artists who mostly worked for these two papers, through which they attacked the king and the system of government with growing violence. The major contributors were

Honoré Daumier Honoré-Victorin Daumier (; February 26, 1808February 10, 1879) was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the Revolution of 1830 to the fall of the second N ...

(1808–79) and

Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville Jean Ignace Isidore Gerard was a 19th century French illustrator and caricaturist who published under the pseudonym of Grandville. He has been called "the first star of French caricature's great age",Rose, Cynthia. 2020. J. J. Grandvill: A Matte ...

(1803–47), but there were many others. For example, a caricature by

Jules David Jean-Baptiste David (called Jules David; 1808–1892) was a French painter and lithographer. His illustrations appeared in many books and magazines. He was particularly known for his illustrations of contemporary Parisian fashions. Early years ...

appeared in ''La Caricature'' of 31 May 1831. The king is depicted as an illusionist who uses the ''

juste milieu ''Juste milieu'' (meaning "middle way" or "happy medium") is a term that has been used to describe centrist political philosophies that try to find a balance between extremes, and artistic forms that try to find a middle ground between the traditio ...

'' and some ''poudre de non-intervention'' to make liberty and revolution vanish. In 1830–31 there were revolutionary uprisings in Italy. The Austrians intervened to suppress the revolts, and the French did nothing to prevent them. The Pope broke his promise to grant the rebels in the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...

an amnesty. ''La Caricature'' published a cartoon that showed the Pope on his throne surrounded by corpses. Similarly, Philipon published cartoons that associated the French government with that of Tsar Nicholas I when Russia suppressed a revolt in Poland. The fall of Warsaw was announced by

Horace Sebastiani Quintus Horatius Flaccus (; 8 December 65 – 27 November 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace (), was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his ' ...

, the French foreign minister, as "L'ordre règne à Varsovie" (Order reigns in Warsaw). The phrase was used as a caption for one of the cartoons. The journal became increasingly vocal in its opposition to Louis-Philippe, and was seized more than twelve times. The publishers were prosecuted, and Philipon was jailed for a year. In 1835 the government passed legislation that forced ''La Caricature'' to cease publication. The journal began publication again in 1838 and continued until 1843. Writing in 1840,

William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray (; 18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was a British novelist, author and illustrator. He is known for his satirical works, particularly his 1848 novel '' Vanity Fair'', a panoramic portrait of British society, and t ...

talked of the "curious contest between the State and M. Philipon's little army." Thackery wrote,
Le_juste_milieu_se_crotte_by_Traviès_de_Villers

Contributors

Illustrations

Drawings and lithographies were contributed by the following artists, among others: * Victor Adam *

Hippolyte Bellangé Joseph Louis Hippolyte Bellangé (17 January 1800 – 10 April 1866) was a French battle painter and printmaker. His art was influenced by the wars of the first Napoleon, and while a youth, he produced several military drawings in lithography. H ...

Nicolas Toussaint Charlet , - align = "right" , , - align = "right" , Nicolas Toussaint Charlet (20 December 1792 – 30 October 1845) was a French painter and printmaker, more especially of military subjects. Life Charlet was born in Paris. He was the son o ...

Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps (March 3, 1803August 22, 1860) was a French painter noted for his Orientalist works. Life Decamps was born in Paris. In his youth he travelled in the East, and reproduced Oriental life and scenery with a bold fidelity to ...

* Auguste Desperret (or Desperet) *

Achille Devéria Achille Jacques-Jean-Marie Devéria (6 February 180023 December 1857) was a French painter and lithographer known for his portraits of famous writers and artists. His younger brother was the Romantic painter Eugène Devéria, and two of his six ...

* Eugène Forest *

Paul Gavarni Paul Gavarni was the pen name of Sulpice Guillaume Chevalier (13 January 1804 – 24 November 1866), a French illustrator, born in Paris. Early career Gavarni's father, Sulpice Chevalier, was from a family line of coopers from Burgundy. Paul be ...

Henry Monnier Henry-Bonaventure Monnier (7 June 1799 in Paris – 3 January 1877) was a French playwright, caricaturist and actor. Life After studying at the Lycée Bonaparte, he frequented the workshops of Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson and Antoine-Jean G ...

* Clément Pruche *

Auguste Raffet Denis Auguste Marie Raffet (2 March 180416 February 1860) was a French illustrator and lithographer. He was a student of Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, and was a retrospective painter of the Empire. Biography Raffet was born in Paris. At ...

Benjamin Roubaud Joseph Germain Mathieu Roubaud, called "Benjamin", (29 May 1811 – 13 January 1847), the son of Mathieu Aubert Roubaud and Rosalie Caillol, was a 19th-century French painter, lithographer and caricaturist. Biography In Paris Roubaud was a st ...

* Charles-Joseph Traviès de Villers

Articles

Some of the authors of articles were: *

Agénor Altaroche Agénor Altaroche (18 April 1811 – 13 May 1884) was a French journalist, chansonnier and man of letters, Commissioner of the Provisional Government for the Puy-de-Dôme Puy-de-Dôme (; oc, label=Auvergnat, lo Puèi de Doma or ''lo Puèi Dom ...

* Auguste Audibert *

Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac ( , more commonly , ; born Honoré Balzac;Jean-Louis Dega, La vie prodigieuse de Bernard-François Balssa, père d'Honoré de Balzac : Aux sources historiques de La Comédie humaine, Rodez, Subervie, 1998, 665 p. 20 May 179 ...

Louis Desnoyers Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis (d ...

* Emmanuel Gonzalez *

Louis Adrien Huart Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis (d ...

References

Citations Sources * * *

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Caricature (1830-1843), La 1830 establishments in France 1843 disestablishments in France Caricature Defunct magazines published in France Satirical magazines published in France Magazines published in Paris Weekly magazines published in France Magazines established in 1830 Magazines disestablished in 1843