''La Caricature'' was a satirical weekly French periodical that was distributed in Paris between 1830 and 1843 during the

July Monarchy The July Monarchy (), officially the ''Kingdom of France'' (), was a liberalism, liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 9 August 1830, after the revolutionary victory of the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 26 Februar ...

. Its cartoons repeatedly attacked King Louis Philippe, whom it typically depicted as a pear.

History

''La Caricature morale, politique et littéraire'' was published from 1830 to 1843. Auguste Audibert was editor and Charles Philipon (1800–1861) was director and main author. Honoré de Balzac and Louis Desnoyers assisted Philipon in writing some of the magazines issues. Primary artists were Honoré Daumier and Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville with caricature contributions from many artists including Henry Monnier, Alexandre Decamps, Auguste Raffet, Paul Gavarni, Achille Devéria, Auguste Desperret, Eugène Forest, Benjamin Roubaud. The journal was founded after the censorship laws had been relaxed following the

July Revolution The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (), Second French Revolution, or ("Three Glorious ays), was a second French Revolution after French Revolution, the first of 1789–99. It led to the overthrow of King Cha ...

of 1830 in which Louis Philippe came to power. It covered both politics and art. 251 issues appeared between 1830 and 1835, each of four pages, with two or three lithographs. Philipon was the owner of the largest printing house in Paris equipped with lithographic presses, and used them to print ''La Caricature'' and '' Le Charivari'', another illustrated paper. He drew together a group of skilled artists who mostly worked for these two papers, through which they attacked the king and the system of government with growing violence. The major contributors were

Honoré Daumier Honoré-Victorin Daumier (; February 26, 1808 – February 10 or 11, 1879) was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the July Revolution, Revolution of 1830 ...

(1808–1879) and Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville (1803–1847), but there were many others. For example, a caricature by Jules David appeared in ''La Caricature'' of 31 May 1831. The king is depicted as an illusionist who uses the '' juste milieu'' and some ''poudre de non-intervention'' to make liberty and revolution vanish. In 1830–31 there were revolutionary uprisings in Italy. The Austrians intervened to suppress the revolts, and the French did nothing to prevent them. The Pope broke his promise to grant the rebels in the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...

an amnesty. ''La Caricature'' published a cartoon that showed the Pope on his throne surrounded by corpses. Similarly, Philipon published cartoons that associated the French government with that of Tsar Nicholas I when Russia suppressed a revolt in Poland. The fall of Warsaw was announced by Horace Sebastiani, the French foreign minister, as "L'ordre règne à Varsovie" (Order reigns in Warsaw). The phrase was used as a caption for one of the cartoons. The journal became increasingly vocal in its opposition to Louis-Philippe, and was seized more than twelve times. The publishers were prosecuted, and Philipon was jailed for a year. In 1835 the government passed legislation that forced ''La Caricature'' to cease publication. The journal began publication again in 1838 and continued until 1843. Writing in 1840,

William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray ( ; 18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was an English novelist and illustrator. He is known for his Satire, satirical works, particularly his 1847–1848 novel ''Vanity Fair (novel), Vanity Fair'', a panoramic portra ...

talked of the "curious contest between the State and M. Philipon's little army." Thackery wrote,

Contributors

Illustrations

Drawings and lithographies were contributed by the following artists, among others: * Victor Adam * Hippolyte Bellangé * Nicolas Toussaint Charlet *

* Jules David *

Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps (March 3, 1803August 22, 1860) was a French painter noted for his Orientalist works. Life Decamps was born in Paris. In his youth he travelled in the East, and reproduced Oriental life and scenery with a bold fidelity to ...

* Auguste Desperret (or Desperet) * Achille Devéria * Eugène Forest * Paul Gavarni * Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville * Henry Monnier * Charles Philipon * Clément Pruche * Auguste Raffet * Benjamin Roubaud * Charles-Joseph Traviès de Villers

Articles

Some of the authors of articles were: * Agénor Altaroche * Auguste Audibert *

Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac ( , more commonly ; ; born Honoré Balzac; 20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright. The novel sequence ''La Comédie humaine'', which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is ...

* Louis Desnoyers *

Louis Adrien Huart Louis may refer to: People * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer Other uses * Louis (coin), a French coin * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also * ...

* Charles Philipon

References

Citations Sources * * *

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Caricature (1830-1843), La 1830 establishments in France 1843 disestablishments in France Caricature Defunct magazines published in France Satirical magazines published in France Magazines published in Paris Weekly magazines published in France Magazines established in 1830 Magazines disestablished in 1843