Mary Rose-Anne Bolduc, born Travers, (June 4, 1894 – February 20, 1941) was a musician and singer of
French Canadian music. She was known as Madame Bolduc or La Bolduc. During the peak of her popularity in the 1930s, she was known as the ''Queen of Canadian Folk Singers''.
Bolduc is often considered to be Quebec's first singer-songwriter. Her style combined the traditional folk music of Ireland and Quebec, usually in upbeat, comedic songs.
Biography
Childhood
Mary Rose Anna Travers "La Bolduc" was born in
Newport, Quebec
Newport is a municipality of about 700 people in Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada. Newport has a small town called Island Brook.
On July 24, 2002, the then-township of Newport was amalgamated into the city ...
, in the
Gaspé region. Her father, Lawrence Travers, was an Anglophone of
Irish heritage, and her mother, Adéline Cyr, was of mixed
French Canadian and
Mi'kmaq
The Mi'kmaq (also ''Mi'gmaq'', ''Lnu'', ''Miꞌkmaw'' or ''Miꞌgmaw''; ; ) are a First Nations people of the Northeastern Woodlands, indigenous to the areas of Canada's Atlantic Provinces and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec as well as the nort ...
heritage. Her family included five full siblings, and an additional six half-siblings from her father's first marriage. Bolduc and her eleven siblings spoke English at home, but also spoke French fluently. The family was extremely poor, but Bolduc attended school for a time, becoming literate in French.
Her only music teacher was her father, who taught her how to play the instruments that were traditional in Quebec culture of the era: the
fiddle,
accordion, harmonica,
spoons
Spoons may refer to:
* Spoon, a utensil commonly used with soup
* Spoons (card game), the card game of Donkey, but using spoons
Film and TV
* ''Spoons'' (TV series), a 2005 UK comedy sketch show
*Spoons, a minor character from ''The Sopranos''
...
and
jaw harp. She learned traditional music from the two heritages, both Irish melodies and French-Canadian folk tunes. The family did not own a record player, piano or sheet music, so Bolduc learned
jig
The jig ( ga, port, gd, port-cruinn) is a form of lively folk dance in compound metre, as well as the accompanying dance tune. It is most associated with Irish music and dance. It first gained popularity in 16th-century Ireland and parts of ...
s and folk songs from memory or by ear. She was giving casual public performances by the spring of 1908, when she played the accordion at the logging camp where she worked as a cook and her father as a
lumberjack.
Early working life
In 1908, at the age of thirteen, Bolduc was sent to live with her half-sister Mary-Ann in
Montreal
Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple ...
, Quebec. Mary-Ann worked as a maid and had secured Bolduc a job as a maid in the house of Dr Lesage. She was paid $15 per month, in addition to
room and board. A few years later she took a job at a
textile mill
Textile Manufacturing or Textile Engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods ...
, which paid $15 weekly for 60 hours of work per week.
On August 17, 1914, she married Édouard Bolduc, a
plumber
A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, and for sewage and drainage in plumbing systems. .
The couple's first child was
stillborn
Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source. It results in a baby born without signs of life. A stillbirth can result in the feeling of guilt or grief in the mother. The ter ...
. Denise Bolduc was born in July 1916, Jeannette Bolduc in July 1917 and Roger Bolduc in August 1918. Roger died at the age of ten months and Jeanette at two years. The couple experienced more bad fortune with pregnancies and children; of the twelve or thirteen pregnancies, only four children reached adulthood. The family was quite poor, and in 1921 when Édouard had difficulty finding work they decided to move to
Springfield, Massachusetts. Édouard Bolduc's sister was living there at the time. They returned to Montreal a year later, as Édouard had been unable to secure work in Springfield. During this time Mary Bolduc entertained both friends and family with her musical talents. Among her friends were amateur musicians who sometimes performed with the ''Veillées du bon vieux temps'' at the
Monument-National
The Monument-National is a historic Canadian theatre located at 1182 Saint Laurent Boulevard in Montreal, Quebec. With a capacity of over 1,600 seats, the venue was erected between 1891 and 1894 and was originally the cultural centre of the Sai ...
under
Conrad Gauthier.
Musical career
When Conrad Gauthier's troupe was missing a folk violinist for a performance, one of Bolduc's friends arranged for her to fill in for the absent performer. Gauthier was suitably impressed by her performance and asked her to return for subsequent productions. The family was always in need of money and the small income she earned this way was useful. Bolduc became a regular player with Gauthier's troupe by 1928, playing the violin or the
jaw harp. Her work with them expanded to include other instrumental work and even some comic acting.
Bolduc was recommended by folk singer
Ovila Légaré to musical producer
Roméo Beaudry
Louis Roméo Beaudry (February 25, 1882 – May 6, 1932) was a French Canadian author, composer, pianist and record producer, who established Éditions Radio and served as the director general of the Starr Records company of Canada as a music p ...
of the
Compo Company.
Beaudry signed musicians for French language recordings on the
Starr Records label. Beaudry signed her to a recording contract to make four
78 rpm
A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English), or simply a record, is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near ...
records, paying her $25 per side. She made her first recording in April 1929, the French folk song ''Y'a longtemps que je couche par terre'' on side A, and an instrumental
reel
A reel is an object around which a length of another material (usually long and flexible) is wound for storage (usually hose are wound around a reel). Generally a reel has a cylindrical core (known as a '' spool'') with flanges around the ends ...
on side B. The record was a commercial flop. Her next two recordings also had meagre sales.
Bolduc's second recording was released for Christmas of 1929. The first side had an original song of Bolduc's, ''
La Cuisinière''. Side B was an adaptation of an English folk song titled ''Johnny Monfarleau''.
The record sold more than twelve thousand copies, which was unprecedented in
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
.
Bolduc earned a total of $450 from the sales and became a
household name
Household name may refer to:
* Household Name (album), ''Household Name'' (album), a studio album by Momma (band), Momma
* a popular brand, see brand awareness
* a popular person, see celebrity
* a term misused to exaggerate a product, see promoti ...
in Quebec. With this success, Beaudry had Bolduc releasing a double-sided record every month. Bolduc recorded an additional four songs in January 1930.
Nine more songs were recorded in April that year. By the end of 1930, she had recorded more than 30 songs. During this time, she collaborated on no less than fifty-six recordings of other artists. Most of these recordings did not credit her.
Bolduc sang accompaniments or played instruments for recordings by
Juliette Béliveau,
Eugène Daignault, Ovila Légaré,
Alfred Montmarquette, Adélard St. Jean, and possibly others.
Bolduc's first headlining performance came in November 1930, in
Lachute
Lachute () is a town in southwest Quebec, Canada, northwest of Montreal, on the Rivière du Nord, a tributary of the Ottawa River, and west of Mirabel International Airport. It is located on Autoroute 50, at the junctions of Quebec Provincial ...
at a
costume ball
A costume party (American English) or fancy dress party (other varieties of English) is a type of party, common in contemporary Western culture, in which many of the guests are dressed in costume, usually depicting a fictional or stock chara ...
.
The audience was extremely receptive to her music and she was inspired to start a show that focused on her own songs. In March 1931 she took an offer from a
burlesque company at the Théâtre Arlequin de Québec to perform as their main act. From this, she embarked on a three-month tour of Quebec with Juliette d'Argère.
Starting in
Hull in May 1931, they travelled western Quebec and Montreal, finishing in
Sept-Îles in July.
In 1931, her rising popularity increased the cost of her sheet music from four for one dollar to three for one dollar.
Bolduc formed her own touring troupe in 1932, named ''La Troupe du bon vieux temps''.
She hired Jean Grimaldi to direct the tours.
The performances contained elements of both
vaudeville
Vaudeville (; ) is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 19th century. A vaudeville was originally a comedy without psychological or moral intentions, based on a comical situation: a dramatic composition ...
and traditional folk music. Their first tours were around the Montreal area, and from August through December 1932 they gave fifty shows. The tours were a great success in Quebec with Bolduc earning $2000 from her first tour, compared to $500 – $1000 annually she got from royalties.
The troupe went on a tour of
New England
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York (state), New York to the west and by the Can ...
from April through June 1934, and a second tour of New England that autumn. They toured across Quebec, and in 1935 toured the
French speaking areas of northern Ontario.
They went on additional tours of New England in 1937 and 1939.
As the 1930s progressed, Bolduc's record sales began to slump, but her income from touring remained good. Bolduc stuck to her folk music style as the record buying public turned increasingly to jazz and
popular music
Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training.Popular Music. (2015). ''Fu ...
.
She produced eighteen records in 1930 and 10 in 1931, but with her declining sales she recorded nothing from July 1932 until she released a single album in March 1935,
and then four more in 1936.
In 1936, the family was able to afford a
nanny
A nanny is a person who provides child care. Typically, this care is given within the children's family setting. Throughout history, nannies were usually servants in large households and reported directly to the lady of the house. Today, modern ...
to attend to the children while Bolduc toured.
Beginning in 1935, her daughter Denise appeared with her as a pianist.
Other children occasionally appeared as backup singers, and her daughter Lucienne recorded ''L'Enfant volé''.
Bolduc was seriously injured in June 1937 in
Rivière-du-Loup
Rivière-du-Loup (; 2021 population 20,118) is a small city on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec. The city is the seat for the Rivière-du-Loup Regional County Municipality and the judicial district of Kamouraska. Its one of ...
when her tour company's car was in a head-on collision. She suffered a broken leg, a broken nose and a concussion. She was sent to a hospital in
Rimouski
Rimouski ( ) is a city in Quebec, Canada. Rimouski is located in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, at the mouth of the Rimouski River. It has a population of 48,935 (as of 2021). Rimouski is the site of Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), t ...
for treatment, where doctors discovered a cancerous
tumour
A neoplasm () is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue. The process that occurs to form or produce a neoplasm is called neoplasia. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and persists ...
. She began radiation treatment at the Radium Institute in Montreal, and engaged in practically no musical endeavours at this point, making no stage appearances for a full year. Her insurance company refused to pay for her damages, notably the concussion that caused memory loss and loss of concentration, which prevented her from writing songs. The suit ended badly as Bolduc did not use banks and had no record of her income to prove loss of income. Of her total damages and lost income, Bolduc recovered only $1500.
Bolduc began limited touring again in the summer of 1938, only in the Montreal area.
She made a radio broadcast in January 1939, and made two recordings in February 1939. One of those songs, ''Les Souffrances de mon accident'' (French "The sufferings of my accident") was on her accident.
She died of cancer on February 20, 1941, in Montreal and was buried in the
Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges.
Musical style
Bolduc never had any formal music lessons, and developed her own style under the influence of her father's teaching and the musical traditions of
Irish
Irish may refer to:
Common meanings
* Someone or something of, from, or related to:
** Ireland, an island situated off the north-western coast of continental Europe
***Éire, Irish language name for the isle
** Northern Ireland, a constituent unit ...
folk music and
Québécois folk tunes.
Her songs tended to be happy and comical with lively rhythms.
Her self-written songs often used existing melodies from folk tunes or dances, combined with lyrics she wrote herself.
For instance, she wrote the song ''Les Cinq Jumelles'' about the
Dionne Quintuplets
The Dionne quintuplets (; born May 28, 1934) are the first quintuplets known to have survived their infancy. The identical girls were born just outside Callander, Ontario, near the village of Corbeil. All five survived to adulthood.
The Di ...
, which was set to the tune of "
Little Brown Jug".
In other cases, she adapted popular contemporary American songs.
Bolduc often used the technique of the ''enumerative song'', which lists something such as foods or tasks.
This technique was traditional in French-Canadian folk songs, derived from similar French traditions. Bolduc also employed the traditional French folk song style of the ''dialogue song'', usually a duet with a man, where the song is a conversation or debate between the man and the woman.
One such song was ''Mademoiselle, dites-moi donc'', which she recorded with Ovila Légaré and featured the two of them bantering and flirting comedically. She often wrote in the style derived from traditional English
broadside ballad
A broadside (also known as a broadsheet) is a single sheet of inexpensive paper printed on one side, often with a ballad, rhyme, news and sometimes with woodcut illustrations. They were one of the most common forms of printed material between th ...
s, which tell current news to the tunes of traditional songs. One such song by Bolduc is ''La chanson du bavard'', which notably employs an introduction inviting the listener to hear a tale, as is common in broadside ballads.
Other topical ballads by Bolduc include ''Les Américains'' about Americans coming to Montreal during
Prohibition
Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcohol ...
to obtain liquor and the unrecorded ''Si je pouvais tenir Hitler,'' which she wrote a few days after the outbreak of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
.
Her music relied heavily upon the harmonica and the fiddle, the traditional instruments of reels in Quebec.
Her singing also adopted a nasal style, and her pitch was relaxed, both of which are found traditionally. Her singing often featured
turlutage, which derives from Irish and Scottish musical traditions.
Most often she employed this technique in reels, such as her song ''Reel turluté''.
Her touring troupe ''La Troupe du bon vieux temps'' gave fairly consistent performances. Mary Bolduc opened the show with her newest songs.
The troupe then performed comedy sketches, ensemble songs, folk songs and vaudeville routines. Most performances included a segment where amateurs performed, sometimes for cash prizes. Bolduc closed with some of her newest or most topical songs.
Bolduc's lyrics are predominantly French, but frequently include a few words or lines in English.
This was reflective of her country upbringing in Gaspésie, where the two languages mingle.
The recordings were marketed to working class francophone audiences, in small towns and rural areas where people had traditional values.
Professional image
Singing and stage careers were not well regarded in Quebec society of the 1920s and 1930s, especially for women.
To avoid gossip and to keep a good reputation, Bolduc was always credited under her married name ''Madame Édouard Bolduc'', both at live performances and on recordings. She attempted to include her family in her activities as much as possible. Her husband Édouard accompanied her troupe on their 1932 and 1934 tours.
Her eldest daughter Denise joined the troupe in 1935 as a pianist.
Recordings
Recordings of about 100 of her songs survive. Many of those that have not survived were written for special occasions.
* April 12, 1929: Ya longtemps que je couche par terre and La Gaspésienne.
* August 13, 1929: Gendre and belle-mère and Quand on s'est vu.
* November 22, 1929: Valse Denise and Reel de la goélette.
* December 6, 1929:
La cuisinière and Johnny Monfarleau.
* January 15, 1930: La servante and Regardez donc mouman.
* January 29, 1930: Arthimise marie le bedeau and Tourne ma roulette.
* March 11, 1930: Le bonhomme et la bonne femme and Si vous avez une fille qui veut se marier.
* March 18, 1930: Reel comique and Galop des pompiers.
* April 3, 1930: Le joueur de violon and Ton amour, ma Catherine.
* April 30, 1930: Reel turluté, Gigue des commères (Duet with
Alfred Monmarquette), Fantaisie écossaise (Duet with
Alfred Monmarquette) and Reel Balmoral (Duet with
Alfred Monmarquette).
* May 14, 1930: Fricassez-vous, Valse turlutée and La morue.
* May 20, 1930: Clogue à Ti-Zeph Parent (with
Alfred Monmarquette and
Adélard Saint-Jean), Reel des barbouillés (with
Alfred Monmarquette and
Adélard Saint-Jean).
* June 18, 1930: Mon vieux est jaloux and La pitoune.
* June 27, 1930: Un petit bonhomme avec un nez pointu and Chez ma tante Gervais.
* August 21, 1930: Toujours "L'R-100" and Les maringouins.
* September 23, 1930: Ça va venir découragez-vous pas and Fin Fin Bigaouette.
* October 27, 1930: La bastringue and Mademoiselle, dites-moi donc.
* November 4, 1930: Les agents d'assurance.
* November 5, 1930: Chapleau fait son Jour de l'An (Duet with
Ovila Légaré) and C'est comme ça qu'ça s'passe (Duet with
Ovila Légaré).
* November 13, 1930: Rouge carotte.
* November 14, 1930: Le Jour de lAn and Le bas de Noël.
* December 9, 1930: La petite boulangère (Duet with
Ovila Légaré) and Mechetagouine (Duet with
Ovila Légaré).
* December 10, 1930: La grocerie du coin and La gigueuse (with
Albertine Villeneuve and Thomas).
* December 12, 1930: Le propriétaire.
* January 15, 1931: Fêtons le Mardi-gras and Un vieux garçon gêné.
* February 3, 1931: Les filles de campagne and Nos braves habitants.
* March 26, 1931: Le sauvage du nord and Jean-Baptiste Beaufouette.
* April 9, 1931: L'ouvrage aux Canadiens and La chanson du bavard.
* July 7, 1931: C'est la fille du vieux Roupi and Il va m'faire mourir c'gars-là.
* July 8, 1931: La côte Nord and Aux chauffeurs d'automobile.
* September 15, 1931: Ah! C'qu'il est slow 'Tit Joe, Chanson de la bourgeoise and Le commerçant des rues.
* October 8, 1931: Tit Noir a le mal imaginaire.
* November 6, 1931: R'garde donc c'que t'as d'l'air and Danse en souliers d'boeufs.
* November 7, 1931: Bien vite c'est le Jour de l'an and Voilà le père Noël qui nous arrive.
* January 20, 1932: J'ai un bouton sur la langue, Rose cherche à se marier, Quand j'étais chez mon père and Les femmes.
* May 5, 1932: L'enfant volé, Si les saucisses pouvaient parler, Les policemen and Les Américains.
* July 2, 1932: En revenant des foins, Les conducteurs de chars, Les vacances and Sans travail.
* March 6, 1935: Les cinq jumelles and La Gaspésienne pure laine.
* March 20, 1936: Les colons Canadiens and La lune de miel.
* April 15, 1936: Les médecins, Gédéon amateur and Les pompiers de
St-Éloi.
* April 27, 1936: Arrête donc, Mary.
* August 24, 1936: Les belles-mères and Quand J'ai vingt ans.
* February 23, 1939: Tout le monde a la grippe, Le voleur de poule, Je m'en vais au marché and Les souffrances de mon accident.
Unrecorded original songs
Songs known to have been written and performed by Mary Bolduc but never recorded include:
* ''La Reine des Bières''
* ''As-tu vu l'éclipse?''
* ''Le nouveau gouvernement''
* ''La visite royale''
* ''Si je pouvais tenir Hitler''
* ''Roosevelt est un peu là''
* ''On déménage''
* ''Le secours direct''
Legacy
Some debate exists among historians as to whether Mary Bolduc or
Félix Leclerc
Félix Leclerc, (August 2, 1914 – August 8, 1988) was a French-Canadian singer-songwriter, poet, writer, actor and '' Québécois'' political activist. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 20, 1968. Leclerc was posth ...
should be identified as Quebec's first singer-songwriter.
Either way, both had significant influence on the development of Quebec's folk music culture from the 1930s onwards. Bolduc was the most widely known folk music singer of Quebec in the 1930s. Her humorous images of daily life, her realism in depicting the society of the time, and her satirical characters all appear in the work of subsequent singer-songwriters.
Although it was received poorly by critics of the day, Bolduc's use of colloquialisms and working-class vocabulary influenced future musicians like
Gilles Vigneault
Gilles Vigneault (; born 27 October 1928) is a Canadian poet, publisher, singer-songwriter, and Quebec nationalist and sovereigntist. Two of his songs are considered by many to be Quebec's unofficial anthems: " Mon pays" and " Gens du pays", ...
and
Clémence DesRochers Clémence DesRochers OC (born 23 November 1933) is a Canadian actress, humourist, singer, and author.
Life
She was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec on 23 November 1933.
At the age of 17, she went to Montreal where she entered the normal school. She the ...
. Other Québécois musicians with notable influences from Bolduc include
Oscar Thiffault, whose style was descended from Bolduc,
André Gagnon
André Gagnon (2 August 1936 – 3 December 2020) was a Canadian pianist, composer, conductor, arranger, and actor, known for his fusion of classical and pop styles,Jean-Pierre Thiollet, ''88 notes pour piano solo'', Neva Editions, 2015, p.16 ...
, whose composition ''Les Turluteries'' is based on Bolduc's use of turlutage,
and
Robert Charlebois
Robert Charlebois, OC, OQ (born June 25, 1944) is a Québecois author, composer, musician, performer and actor.
Charlebois was born in Montreal, Quebec. Among his best known songs are ''Lindberg'' (the duo with Louise Forestier in particular ...
, who also sang in the dual French Canadian and English derived style and used the everyday
slang
Slang is vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in spoken conversation but avoided in formal writing. It also sometimes refers to the language generally exclusive to the members of particular in-g ...
of Quebec.
On August 12, 1994, a stamp was released that honoured her with her portrait on a
Canadian postage stamp.
The stamp was designed by Pierre Fontaine based on images from Bernard Leduc. Seven and a half million copies were printed. The same year, a park was created in her hometown of Newport named ''Mary Travers Park''.
In 2002, Mary Bolduc was made a MasterWorks honoree by the
Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada.
''
La Bolduc
Mary Rose-Anne Bolduc, born Travers, (June 4, 1894 – February 20, 1941) was a musician and singer of French Canadian music. She was known as Madame Bolduc or La Bolduc. During the peak of her popularity in the 1930s, she was known as the ...
'', a biographical film about Bolduc by director
François Bouvier
François Bouvier is a Canadian film and television director from Quebec."A paradoxical people put on quite the show". ''The Globe and Mail'', June 15, 1985.
His credits have included the films '' Jacques and November (Jacques et novembre)'', ''Un ...
, was released in Quebec in April 2018.
The film stars
Debbie Lynch-White
Debbie Lynch-White (born 1986) is a Canadian film and television actress from Quebec. Most noted for her performance in the 2018 film '' La Bolduc'' in the title role as folk singer Mary Rose-Anna "La Bolduc" Travers, she was previously known fo ...
as Bolduc.
See also
*
List of Quebec musicians
This is a list of singers, bands, composers and other musicians from the province of Quebec.
Blues
* Garou – also pop
* Okoumé – also néo-trad, rock and electronica
* Roxanne Potvin – singer, guitarist
* David Wilcox
Chanson
* ...
*
Music of Quebec
Like many cosmopolitan cities, Quebec is a home for all genres of music. From folk music to hip hop, music has always played an important role in Quebecer culture. In the 1920s and '30s singer/songwriter Madam Bolduc performed comedic songs in ...
*
Culture of Quebec
The culture of Quebec emerged over the last few hundred years, resulting predominantly from the shared history of the French-speaking North American majority in Quebec. Québécois culture, as a whole, constitutes all distinctive traits – spirit ...
References
External links
Site Mary Travers dite : « La Bolduc »Heritage Minute*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolduc, La
1894 births
1941 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Quebec
Singers from Quebec
Canadian women folk singers
Quebecers of French descent
Quebec people of Irish descent
People from Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
French-language singers of Canada
20th-century Canadian women singers
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery