Development
Development began in 2005, and was reportedly assisted by the Almaz-Antey Corporation. It was initially developed as a naval system. In late-2011, China reported the "co-development between Russia and China" of the missile was complete. The HQ-16B was developed by late-2011. A ground battery consists of a command post, two multifunction radars, and four to six launchers. Each launcher has six missiles.Operational history
The platform for the HHQ-16, the Type 054A frigate, entered service in 2008. The HQ-16A entered service in 2011. The HQ-16A entered Chinese service in 2011. Pakistan entered negotiations to purchase the missile in 2015. The LY-80s entered service with the Pakistan Army in March 2017.Variants
;HQ-16A Original land-based variant with a range of . ;HHQ-16 Naval variant. ;HQ-16B Improved variant with slant range exceeding . ;HQ-16C Improved variant with slant range exceeding . ;LY-80 Export variant. ;LY-80N Export naval variant.Operators
; HQ-16A, HQ-16B and HHQ-16. ; LY-80, LY-80N.References
Sources
* * * * {{Chinese_Missiles Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China Naval surface-to-air missiles Military equipment introduced in the 2010s