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The landing craft mechanized (LCM) is a
landing craft Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault. The term excludes landing ships, which are larger. Pr ...
designed for carrying vehicles. They came to prominence during the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
when they were used to land troops or
tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engin ...
s during
Allied An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
amphibious assaults.


Variants

There was no single design of LCM used, unlike the landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) or Landing Craft Assault (LCA) landing craft made by the US and UK respectively. There were several different designs built by the UK and US and by different manufacturers. The British motor landing craft was conceived and tested in the 1920s and was used from 1924 in exercises. Nine were in service at the start of the war. It was the first purpose built tank landing craft. It was the progenitor of all subsequent LCM designs.


LCM (1)

The landing craft, mechanised Mark I was an early British model. It was able to be slung under the davits of a liner or on a cargo ship boom with the result that it was limited to a 16-ton tank. The LCM Mark I was used during the Allied landings in Norway (one alongside the MLCs), and at Dieppe and some 600 were built. *Displacement: 35 tonnes *Length: *Width: *Draught: *Machinery: two Chrysler 100 hp petrol engines *Speed: 7 knots *Crew: 6 men *Armament: two .303 in. Lewis guns *Capacity: one medium tank, or 26.8 tons of cargo or 60 troops **100 men ** with of freeboard


LCM (2)

*Displacement: 29 tons *Length: 45 ft (14 m) *Beam: 14 ft 1 in (4.3 m) *Draft: 3 ft (0.91 m) *Speed: 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h) *Armament: two .50-cal
M2 Browning machine gun The M2 machine gun or Browning .50 caliber machine gun (informally, "Ma Deuce") is a heavy machine gun that was designed towards the end of World War I by John Browning. Its design is similar to Browning's earlier M1919 Browning machine gun, w ...
s *Crew: 4 *Capacity; 100 troops, or one 13.5 ton tank, or 15 tons of cargo The first American LCM design, from the US Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair. Approximately 150 were built by
American Car & Foundry ACF Industries, originally the American Car and Foundry Company (abbreviated as ACF), is an American manufacturer of railroad rolling stock. One of its subsidiaries was once (1925–54) a manufacturer of motor coaches and trolley coaches und ...
and Higgins Industries.


LCM (3)

There were two designs: *Bureau Capable of carrying of cargo *Higgins In appearance very similar to the LCVP which Higgins Industries also constructed, with a wide load area at the front and a small armoured (1/4 inch steel) wheelhouse on the aft decking over the engine room. A Higgins LCM-3 is on display at the Battleship Cove maritime museum in Fall River, Massachusetts. Another Higgins LCM-3 is displayed at the Museo Storico Piana delle Orme in Province of Latina, Italy, 18 miles East of Anzio. *Displacement: 52 tons (loaded); 23 tons (empty) *Length: *Beam: *Draft: (forward); (aft) *Speed: (loaded); (empty) *Armament: two .50-cal
M2 Browning machine gun The M2 machine gun or Browning .50 caliber machine gun (informally, "Ma Deuce") is a heavy machine gun that was designed towards the end of World War I by John Browning. Its design is similar to Browning's earlier M1919 Browning machine gun, w ...
s *Crew: 4 *Capacity: One 30-ton tank (e.g. M4 Sherman), 60 troops, or of cargo


LCM (4)

In the years 1943 and 1944, seventy-seven LCM(4)s were built. Outwardly, the LCM(4) was almost completely identical to a late model LCM(1) – the difference lay inside the pontoon. Here special bilge pumps and special ballast tanks allowed the LCM(4) to alter trim to increase stability when partially loaded.


LCM (5)

British model of LCM


LCM (6)

An LCM (3) extended by amidships. Many were later adapted as armoured troop carriers (ATCs or "
Tangos Tangos may refer to: * "Tangos" (song), a song popularized in Spain * Tangos (district), a district or barangay in Navotas, Philippines * ''Tangos'' (album), a 1973 album by Buenos Aires 8 * ''Tangos'' (Rubén Blades album), a 2014 album by Ru ...
") for the Mobile Riverine Force in the Vietnam War; others became "
Monitors Monitor or monitor may refer to: Places * Monitor, Alberta * Monitor, Indiana, town in the United States * Monitor, Kentucky * Monitor, Oregon, unincorporated community in the United States * Monitor, Washington * Monitor, Logan County, West Vir ...
" with 105mm guns, "Zippos" with flamethrowers or "Charlie" command variants. * Power plant: ** 2 Detroit 6-71 diesel engines; sustained; twin shaft; or ** 2 Detroit 8V-71 diesel engines; sustained; twin shaft * Length: 56.2 feet (17.1 m) * Beam: 14 feet (4.3 m) * Displacement: 64 tons (65 metric tons) full load * Speed: 9 knots (10.3 mph, 16.6 km/h) * Range: 130 miles (240 km) at * Military lift: 34 tons (34.6 metric tons) or 80 troops * Crew: 5


LCM (7)

British model of LCM


LCM (8)

General characteristics, LCM 8 Type * Power plant: four 6-71 six-cylinder diesels, two hydraulic transmissions, two propeller shafts. (Lighterage Division, NSA Danang 1969-1970) crew of 3: coxswain, bowhook, and engineer (aka "snipe") * Power plant: 2 Detroit 12V-71 diesel engines; sustained; twin shafts * Length: 73.7 feet (22.5 m) * Beam: 21 feet (6.4 m) * Displacement: 105 tons (106.7 metric tons) full load * Speed: 12 kt (13.8 mph, 22.2 km/h) * Range: 190 nm (350 km) at full load * Capacity: 53.5 tons (54.4 metric tons) * Military lift: one M48 or one M60 tank or 200 troops * Crew: 5


Operators

* – Turkish Naval Forces * – United States Navy, U.S. Army 7th Transportation Brigade Expeditionary * – Royal Thai Navy * – Royal Australian Navy * – Australian Army * – Spanish Navy * – Navy of El Salvador * – Royal New Zealand Navy * –
Egyptian Navy The Egyptian Navy ( ar, القوات البحرية المصرية, El-Quwwāt el-Bahareya el-Miṣriyya, Egyptian Navy Forces), also known as the Egyptian Naval Force, is the maritime branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. It is the largest navy ...
* –
Royal Saudi Navy The Royal Saudi Navy ( ar, البَحْريَّة الْمَلكيَّة السُّعُودِيَّة, Al-Quwwat al-Bahriyah al-Arabiyah as-Su'udiyah) or Royal Saudi Naval Forces ( ar, القُوَّات البَحْريَّة الْمَلك ...
* -
Pakistan Navy ur, ہمارے لیے اللّٰہ کافی ہے اور وہ بہترین کارساز ہے۔ English language, English: Allah is Sufficient for us - and what an excellent (reliable) Trustee (of affairs) is He!(''Quran, Qur'an, Al Imran, 3:173' ...
* - Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force * - Vietnam People's Navy


Former operators

* – Khmer National Navy * – Republic of Vietnam Navy


See also

* Motor Landing Craft * Landing Craft, Tank * LCVP (United States) *
LCM2000 The LCM2000 was a class of Landing Craft Mechanised (LCM) built for the Australian Army by Australian Defence Industries (ADI) (now Thales Australia). The LCMs were ordered in 2001 and the first craft was originally scheduled to enter service wit ...
*
LCM 25 ton type Japan has eleven LCM 25 ton type landing ships in service with Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. Built in Japan, the boats are similar in design to the US LCM-6 The landing craft mechanized (LCM) is a landing craft designed for carrying ve ...
- Japanese version of LCM-6


Notes


References

*Gordon L. Rottman & Tony Bryan, ''Landing Ship, Tank (LST) 1942–2002'', New Vanguard series 115, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2005. *Gordon L. Rottman & Hugh Johnson, ''Vietnam Riverine Craft 1962–75'', New Vanguard series 128, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2006. *Gordon L. Rottman & Peter Bull, ''Landing Craft, Infantry and Fire Support'', New Vanguard series 157, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2009. *Maund, LEH ''Assault From the Sea'', Methuen & Co. Ltd., London 1949.


External links


Skill in the Surf: A Landing Boat ManualHistory of "Logistics over The Shore" operationsLCM & LCU fact fileLCM-6 surface textures required for Xj3D/VRML model
{{Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries Landing craft Ship types