''Arista Records, LLC v. LAUNCH Media, Inc.'', 578 F.3d 148 (2d Cir. N.Y. 2009), is a legal case brought by Arista Records, LLC, Bad Boy Records,

BMG Music Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) was a division of a German media company Bertelsmann before its completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Sony Corporation of America on 1 October 2008. Although it was established in 1987, the music com ...

, and Zomba Recording LLC (collectively, "BMG") alleging that the webcasting service provided by LAUNCH Media, Inc. ("Launch") willfully infringed BMG's sound recording copyrights.Opinion of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals
/ref> The lawsuit concerns the scope of the statutory term “interactive service” codified in 17 U.S.C. § 114, as amended by the

Digital Millennium Copyright Act The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a 1998 United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or s ...

of 1998 ("DMCA").17 U.S.C. §114
/ref> If the webcasting service is an interactive service, Launch would be required to pay individual licensing fees to BMG's sound recording copyright holders; otherwise, Launch only need to pay “a statutory licensing fee set by the Copyright Royalty Board.” The

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (in case citations, 2d Cir.) is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. Its territory comprises the states of Connecticut, New York and Vermont. The court has appellate juri ...

affirmed the trial court's judgment and ruled in favor of the Launch, finding that the webcasting service provided by Launch does not fall within the scope of the definition of an interactive service as a matter of law.

Background

Launch operates an internet radio website by providing a webcasting service (LAUNCHcast), “which enables a user to create ‘stations’ that play songs that are within a particular genre or similar to a particular artist or song the user selects.” The parties did not materially dispute how LAUNCHcast worked. LAUNCHcast is now known as

Yahoo! Music Radio Yahoo! Music Radio (formerly known as LAUNCHcast) was an Internet radio service offered by Clear Channel Communications' iHeartRadio through Yahoo! Music. The service, formerly offered by LAUNCH Media, and originally developed by Todd Beaupré, ...

. BMG holds the copyrights in the sound recordings of some of the songs played on the service for users, and has the exclusive right "to perform the copyrighted ound recordingpublicly by means of a digital audio transmission."

Trial court proceedings

On May 24, 2001, BMG brought suit, in the

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (in case citations, S.D.N.Y.) is a United States district court, federal trial court whose geographic jurisdiction encompasses eight counties of New York (state), New York ...

, against Launch alleging that Launch violated provisions of the

DMCA The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a 1998 United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or s ...

, codified in relevant part in 17 U.S.C. § 114, by providing an interactive service and therefore willfully infringing sound recording copyrights of BMG from November 1999 to May 2001. The district court charged the jury with determining whether LAUNCHcast was an interactive service within the meaning of 17 U.S.C. § 114(j)(7). The jury returned a verdict in favor of Launch.District Court Opinion
/ref>

Issue

Whether a webcasting service that provides users with individualized internet radio stations in this case is an interactive service within the meaning of 17 U.S.C. § 114.

Ruling of the court of appeal

On March 17, 2009, BMG appealed to the

, arguing that LAUNCHcast is an interactive service as a matter of law. On August 21, 2009, the Court of Appeal confirmed the lower court decision, ruling that the webcasting service was not an interactive service as a matter of law. “Based on a review of how LAUNCHcast functions, it is clear that LAUNCHcast does not provide a specially created program within the meaning of § 114(j)(7) because the webcasting service does not provide sufficient control to users such that playlists are so predictable that users will choose to listen to the webcast in lieu of purchasing music, thereby - in the aggregate - diminishing record sales.”

Discussions of interactive service

According to the statute, an interactive service "is one that enables a member of the public to receive a transmission of a program specially created for the recipient, or on request, a transmission of a particular sound recording, whether or not as part of a program, which is selected by or on behalf of the recipient." Therefore, the webcasting service LAUNCHcast is interactive under the statute “if a user can either (1) request - and have played - a particular sound recording, or (2) receive a transmission of a program "specially created" for the user.” Since the LAUNCHcast users cannot request a particular song on demand, the first definition of interactive does not cover LAUNCHcast service. The court "emphasized that the line between an interactive and noninteractive service must reflect Congress's concern that an interactive service would allow a user to pick the songs she wanted to hear and thus vitiate any need to purchase those songs."Glynn S. Lunney, Jr., "Copyright, Derivative Works, and the Economics of Complements", 12 Vand. J. Ent. & Tech. L. 779 (2010) The primary argument at stake is whether LAUNCHcast enables the user to receive a transmission of a program "specially created" for the user.Laurence P. Colton, Kerri Hochgesang, Todd Williams and Dana T. Hustins, "Intellectual Property", 61 Mercer L. Rev. 1153 (2010)Camalla Kimbrough, LAUNCH Away: "Second Circuit Rules that Degree of User Influence Determines Whether a Webcasting Service Must Obtain Individual Licenses for Performing Sound Recordings", 12 Tul. J. Tech. & Intell. Prop. 293 (2009) “In short, to the degree that LAUNCHcast's playlists are uniquely created for each user, that feature does not ensure predictability. Indeed, the unique nature of the playlist helps Launch ensure that it does not provide a service so specially created for the user that the user ceases to purchase music.” Therefore, “

he court He or HE may refer to: Language * He (pronoun), an English pronoun * He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ * He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets * He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' ...

cannot say LAUNCHcast falls within the scope of the DMCA's definition of an interactive service created for individual users.”

Subsequent developments

Certiorari was denied by the

Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

on January 25, 2010.

Related cases

*''United States v. Am. Soc'y of Composers (In re Cellco P'ship)'', 663 F. Supp. 2d 363 (S.D.N.Y. 2009). *'' Sony BMG Music Entertainment v. Tenenbaum'', No. 10-1947 (1st Cir.).

External links

References

{{Reflist United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cases Digital Millennium Copyright Act case law Arista Records Yahoo! litigation 2009 in United States case law United States lawsuits