Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 3 (LAMP3, Lamp3) is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMP3''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
It is one of the
lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein
Lysosome-associated membrane glycoproteins (LAMPs) are integral membrane proteins, specific to lysosomes, and whose exact biological function is not yet clear. Structurally, the lamp proteins consist of two internally homologous lysosome-luminal d ...
s.
LAMP3 also known as DC-LAMP (Dendritic cell lysosomal associated membrane glycoprotein) is a member of the LAMP family along with
LAMP1
Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) also known as lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 and CD107a (Cluster of Differentiation 107a), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMP1'' gene. The human ''LAMP1'' gene is locat ...
and
LAMP2, these proteins make up the members of the glycoconjugate coat present on the inside of the lysosomal membrane.
In humans, this protein is almost exclusively found in mature
Dendritic cell
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (also known as ''accessory cells'') of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. ...
s. While LAMP3 can be observed on the surface of dendritic cells, the protein is mainly found within lysosomes. LAMP3 first appears in the
MHC Class II
MHC Class II molecules are a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules normally found only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, mononuclear phagocytes, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, ...
compartment and in cells aids in the identifying and processing of an antigen during an immune response.
LAMP3 protein is linked with the maturation of dendritic cells, and as a marker for transformed type II pneumocytes or
alveolar cells.
Studies have linked LAMP3 with the inhibition of the viral replication of
Influenza A
'' A virus'' (''IAV'') causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of the genus ''Alphainfluenzavirus'' of the virus family '' Orthomyxoviridae''. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wi ...
cells.
Structure and Tissue Distribution
LAMP3 is a Type I integral membrane protein consisting of about 416 amino acid residues with about 90% of the protein located within the lumen of the lysosomes.
LAMP3 has been shown to be highly expressed in dendritic cells during cell differentiation and maturation.
During human fetal development, between weeks 10 and 20, LAMP3 is highly expressed in the lungs, while in normal adult tissue cells LAMP3 is expressed in the lungs, appendix, testis and lymph nodes.
References
Further reading
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External links
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Clusters of differentiation
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