''L'Ordine Nuovo'' (Italian for "The New Order") was a weekly newspaper established on 1 May 1919, in

Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...

, Italy, by a group, including

Antonio Gramsci Antonio Francesco Gramsci ( , ; ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosophy, Marxist philosopher, Linguistics, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, Political philosophy, political the ...

, Angelo Tasca and

Palmiro Togliatti Palmiro Michele Nicola Togliatti (; 26 March 1893 – 21 August 1964) was an Italian politician and statesman, leader of Italy's Italian Communist Party, Communist party for nearly forty years, from 1927 until his death. Born into a middle-clas ...

, within the

Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party (, PSI) was a Social democracy, social democratic and Democratic socialism, democratic socialist political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parti ...

. The paper was the successor of ''La Città futura'', a broadsheet newspaper. The founders of ''L'Ordine Nuovo'' were admirers of the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution, social change in Russian Empire, Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia Dissolution of the Russian Empire, abolish its mona ...

and strongly supported the immediate creation of

soviets The Soviet people () were the citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union. This demonym was presented in the ideology of the country as the "new historical unity of peoples of different nationalities" (). Nationality policy in the Soviet Union ...

in Italy. They believed that existing factory councils of workers could be strengthened so that they could become the basis of a communist revolution. However,

Amadeo Bordiga Amadeo Bordiga (13 June 1889 – 25 July 1970) was an Italian Marxist theorist. A revolutionary socialist, Bordiga was the founder of the Communist Party of Italy (PCdI), a member of the Communist International (Comintern), and later a leading ...

, who would become the founder of the

Communist Party of Italy The Italian Communist Party (, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Part ...

, criticised the plan as

syndicalism Syndicalism is a labour movement within society that, through industrial unionism, seeks to unionize workers according to industry and advance their demands through Strike action, strikes and other forms of direct action, with the eventual goa ...

, saying that soviets should only be created after Italy had come under communist control. Initially the newspaper, which was founded with union backing, focused on cultural politics, but in June 1919, the month following its founding, Gramsci and Togliatti pushed Tasca out and re-focused as a revolutionary voice. The newspaper reached a circulation of 6,000 by the end of the year and its reputation was heightened by its support of the April 1920 general strike, which the Socialist Party and the affiliated General Confederation of Labour did not support. On 1 January 1921, the paper began to be published on a daily basis. In January 1921, Bordiga and the supporters of ''L'Ordine Nuovo'' left the Socialist Party in order to establish the new

.Bellamy, p. xxv The paper went defunct in 1922, to resume in March 1924 by publishing intermittently the last eight numbers until March 1925.

References

;Notes ;Sources * Bellamy, Richard Paul (Ed.). ''Antonio Gramsci: pre-prison writings'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994 * Bellamy, Richard Paul & Darrow Schecter (1993).
Gramsci and the Italian State
', Manchester/New York: Manchester University Press, * Lindemann, Albert S. ''The Red years: European socialism versus bolshevism, 1919-1921''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974

External links

*
All issues of L'Ordine Nuovo
at Centro Gramsci {{DEFAULTSORT:Ordine Nuovo 1919 establishments in Italy 1922 disestablishments in Italy Antonio Gramsci Defunct newspapers published in Italy Defunct weekly newspapers Defunct Italian-language newspapers Newspapers published in Turin Newspapers established in 1919 Publications disestablished in 1922 Socialist newspapers Weekly newspapers published in Italy