''L'Inflexible'' (S 615) is the sixth and final of the SNLE ("''Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins''", " Nuclear Missile-Launching Submarine") of the

Force océanique stratégique The Strategic Ocean Force (french: Force océanique stratégique, FOST) has been the synonym of the French Submarine Forces since 1999, which the commandant commands the ensemble related to, along with the squadron of nuclear attack submarine ...

(FOST), the

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

nuclear deterrent component of the

French Navy The French Navy (french: Marine nationale, lit=National Navy), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the five military service branches of France. It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in t ...

. Construction began on 27 March 1980. The boat was launched on 23 June 1982, commissioned on 1 April 1985 and decommissioned on 14 January 2008.

Design and construction

''L'Inflexible'' uses basically the same design as the other ''Redoutable''-class vessels, but has benefited from technological advances over its predecessors. The submarine uses the M4 missile, which carries 6 independent 150 kilotonnes of TNT equivalent nuclear warheads. Their range is reported to be over . The boat also has the capability of launching the SM39

Exocet The Exocet () is a French-built anti-ship missile whose various versions can be launched from surface vessels, submarines, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Etymology The missile's name was given by M. Guillot, then the technical director ...

anti-ship missile An anti-ship missile (AShM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A good ...

. ''L'Inflexible'' received TIT (''Traitement de l'Information Tactique'', "Tactical Information Processor"), a cluster of French-designed computers and serial digital bus links for intersystem communication and DMUX21

sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigation, navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect o ...

. The submarine has an improved inertial navigation system over other vessels of the class. The boat also has the improved internal communication system—SNTI, ''Système Numérisé de Transmissions Intérieures'' (Digital Internal Communication System). Other miscellaneous improvements were made in electrical systems, nuclear systems, improving safety and stealth and rudder and engines, improving reliability and stealth. ''Inflexible has an improved hull profile.'' The other ''Redoutable''-class submarines have been modified to meet the standards of ''L'Inflexible'' ("Refonte M4"). ''L'Inflexible'' was officially decommissioned on 14 January 2008.

In popular culture

''L'Inflexible'' has inspired ''Le Soleil ne se lève pas pour nous'' ("''No sunrise for us''") by

Robert Merle Robert Merle (; 28 August 1908 – 27 March 2004) was a French novelist. Early life Merle was born in 1908 in Tébessa, French Algeria. His father Félix, who was an interpreter "with a perfect knowledge of literary and spoken Arabic", was kille ...

, a 1987 semi-fictitious book in form of a romanced documentary.

References

Redoutable-class submarines (1967) Ships built in France 1982 ships Cold War submarines of France {{France-mil-ship-stub

Design and construction

In popular culture

See also

References