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''L'Est Républicain'' is a daily regional French
newspaper A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports a ...
based in Nancy, France. ''L'Est Républicain'' was established in 1889 by Léon Goulette, a French
Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
. The newspaper was founded on the grounds of ''anti-
Boulangisme Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche ("General Revenge"), was a French general and politician. An enormously popular public figure during the second decade of the Third Repub ...
''. It was closed down in 1941 when France was under the
German occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...
during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. In 1946 it was restarted. The paper is headquartered in Nancy and has its primary market in the
régions France is Administrative divisions of France, divided into eighteen administrative regions (french: régions, singular ), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five are Overseas departments and reg ...
of
Lorraine Lorraine , also , , ; Lorrain: ''Louréne''; Lorraine Franconian: ''Lottringe''; german: Lothringen ; lb, Loutrengen; nl, Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Gr ...
and
Franche-Comté Franche-Comté (, ; ; Frainc-Comtou: ''Fraintche-Comtè''; frp, Franche-Comtât; also german: Freigrafschaft; es, Franco Condado; all ) is a cultural and historical region of eastern France. It is composed of the modern departments of Doubs, ...
. ''L'Est Républicain'' has a conservative stance. The paper belongs to Societe du Journal l'Est Republicain SA, who also owns the newspapers ''
La Liberté de l'Est LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States. La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * La (musical note), or A, the sixth note * "L.A.", a song by Elliott Smith on ''Figur ...
'' and ''
Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace ''Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace'', commonly known as ''DNA'', is a regional daily French newspaper covering the Alsace region. History and profile ''DNA'' was created in November 1877 as ''Neueste Nachrichten'' by German Heinrich Ludwig Kays ...
'' among others. The publisher of ''L'Est Républicain'' is Est Bourgogne Rhône Alpes. On 23 September 2006, ''L'Est Républicain'' published a report on the possible death of
Osama bin Laden Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (10 March 1957 – 2 May 2011) was a Saudi-born extremist militant who founded al-Qaeda and served as its leader from 1988 until Killing of Osama bin Laden, his death in 2011. Ideologically a Pan-Islamism ...
. The circulation of the daily was 180,000 copies in 2009.


History


1889-1914: Foundation and development

LEst Républicain'' was founded in Nancy by Léon Goulette on 5 May 1889, the day of the inauguration of the Exposition Universelle for which the Eiffel Tower was built. The first issue was printed in 1200 copies on four pages. The newspaper was then the sixth daily in the Nancy press, alongside the ''Journal de la Meurthe et des Vosges'' (1799), ''L'Espérance'' (1838) and ''L'Impartial''. Sold for 5 cents, the newspaper had an anti-Boulangist and pro-Republican stance. It was red by many figures of Republican sensitivity, such as
Jules Méline Félix Jules Méline (; 20 May 183821 December 1925) was a French statesman, Prime Minister of France from 1896 to 1898. Biography Méline was born at Remiremont. Having taken up law as his profession, he was chosen a deputy in 1872, and in 187 ...
,
Jules Ferry Jules François Camille Ferry (; 5 April 183217 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885. He ...
,
Émile Gallé Émile Gallé (8 May 1846 in Nancy – 23 September 1904 in Nancy) was a French artist and designer who worked in glass, and is considered to be one of the major innovators in the French Art Nouveau movement. He was noted for his designs of ...
,
Auguste Daum Jean Louis Auguste Daum (1853 in Bitche – 1909 in Nancy) was a French ceramist, in glass. He was one of the founder members of École de Nancy and the director of Daum studio. He was the son of Jean Daum, brother of Antonin Daum and father o ...
,
Alfred Mézières Alfred Jean François Mézières (19 November 1826, in Réhon – 10 October 1915, in Réhon) was a French journalist, politician and historian of literature. Biography Alfred Mézières was educated at Metz College and the École Normale Supér ...
, as well as political figures from Nancy and Lorraine. Its headquarters were then located in rue de Saint-Dizier in downtown Nancy... On 1 April 1911 René Mercier took the head of the newspaper to replace Léon Goulette who suffered his anti-Dreyfusard position. Mercier opened an agency in Paris to collect political information and advertisements. The newspaper then generated enough profits to be self-financing. The premises having become too cramped, René Mercier bought land from the Compagnie de l'Est, at the corner of the Faubourg Saint-Jean. In March 1913, the editorial staff moved into a hotel designed by the French architect Pierre Le Bourgeois in the style of the
École de Nancy École de Nancy, or the Nancy School, was a group of Art Nouveau artisans and designers working in Nancy, France between 1890 and 1914. Major figures included the furniture designer Louis Majorelle, ebonist and glass artist Jacques Grüber, the ...
. At the same time, the director bought a new press with a speed of 20,000 copies per hour, making it possible to increase the number of pages and editions without increasing the price... In 1911, the circulation was 21,000 copies divided into three editions. The newspaper was modernized: new presentation, introduction of photographs, new sections on fashion, industry and agriculture, hiring of young journalists and numerous correspondents. The Est Républicain went through six editions, extending to neighboring departments: the
Vosges The Vosges ( , ; german: Vogesen ; Franconian and gsw, Vogese) are a range of low mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single ...
and the
Meuse The Meuse ( , , , ; wa, Moûze ) or Maas ( , ; li, Maos or ) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a t ...
. The newspaper then shifted rather to the left, while denouncing pacifists and antimilitarists, and supporting the action of the Lorraine-based
Raymond Poincaré Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (, ; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France. Trained in law, Poincaré was elected deputy in 1 ...
,
President of the French Republic The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency is ...
.


1914-1945: The journal during the two world wars

In 1914, following the outbreak of the
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, the newspaper lost much of its staff. Located in a combat zone, it was victim of French military censorship. But it continued, nonetheless, to be published, sometimes on a single double-sided sheet. The newspaper helped maintain the morale of Nancy, especially during the
Battle of Grand Couronné The Battle of Grand Couronné (french: Bataille du Grand Couronné reat Crown from 4 to 13 September 1914, took place in France after the Battle of the Frontiers, at the beginning of the First World War. After the German victories of Sarrebourg ...
in 1914, and when it was considered to evacuate the city in 1918. On the night of 26 to 27 February 1918 the printing house was bombed, but the newspaper continued to continued to be distributed on one page. In 1920, the printing amounted to 60,000 copies. In 1927, the newspaper was printed in 100,000 copies and extended its distribution to
Haute-Saône Haute-Saône (; Arpitan: ''Hiôta-Sona''; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019.Territoire de Belfort The Territoire de Belfort () is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, eastern France. It had a population of 141,318 in 2019.Bar-le-Duc Bar-le-Duc (), formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse département, of which it is the capital. The department is in Grand Est in northeastern France. The lower, more modern and busier part of the town extends along a narrow valley, sh ...
,
Verdun Verdun (, , , ; official name before 1970 ''Verdun-sur-Meuse'') is a large city in the Meuse department in Grand Est, northeastern France. It is an arrondissement of the department. Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital ...
,
Metz Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand E ...
,
Thionville Thionville (; ; german: Diedenhofen ) is a city in the northeastern French department of Moselle. The city is located on the left bank of the river Moselle, opposite its suburb Yutz. History Thionville was settled as early as the time of th ...
,
Épinal Épinal (; german: Spinal) is a commune in northeastern France and the prefecture of the Vosges department. Geography The commune has a land area of . It is situated on the river Moselle, south of Nancy. Épinal station has rail connection ...
, Saint-Dié and
Belfort Belfort (; archaic german: Beffert/Beffort) is a city in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in Northeastern France, situated between Lyon and Strasbourg, approximately from the France–Switzerland border. It is the prefecture of the Territo ...
. Before
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, L'Est Républicain held an anti-Nazi line. Paper restrictions and power cuts made it difficult for the newspaper to be published. On 13 June 1940 the newspaper was published for the last time. On 14 June, as the Germans entered Paris, the newspaper was scuttled, just like its competitor, ''L'Éclair de l'Est'', the next day. On 18 June the Germans entered Nancy, and on 8 July the authorities required the premises of L'Est Républicain.. As the region had then no written information, the editors of ''L'Est Républicain'' and ''L'Éclair de l'Est'' created the ''Nancy Presse'' newsletter which would be published until 3 August 1940. On 2 August 1940 the collaborationist journal ''L'Écho de Nancy'' published its first number. Totally controlled by the Germans, it defends Nazism, Adolf Hitler and advocated Antisemitism. The last issue printed on the installations of L'Est Républicain came out on 1 September 1944, but it continued to be printed in Germany until February 1945.. At the Liberation, the ''L'Est Républicain'' was requisitioned by the Resistance, which accused it of having collaborated with the Nazis. The resistance fighters print the ''République de l'Est Libéré''. Finally, on 8 October 1944 ''L'Est Républicain'' returned with Jacques Zenner as editor 11 and several agencies, in
Metz Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand E ...
, Nancy,
Besançon Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerl ...
,
Pontarlier Pontarlier ( ; Latin: ''Ariolica'') is a commune and one of the two sub-prefectures of the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France near the Swiss border. History Pontarlier occupies the ancient Roman station of ...
, etc.


1945-1997: Resuming development

In 1951, the circulation reached 200,000 copies. The newspaper spread to
Haute-Marne Haute-Marne (; English: Upper Marne) is a department in the Grand Est region of Northeastern France. Named after the river Marne, its prefecture is Chaumont. In 2019, it had a population of 172,512.Franche-Comté Franche-Comté (, ; ; Frainc-Comtou: ''Fraintche-Comtè''; frp, Franche-Comtât; also german: Freigrafschaft; es, Franco Condado; all ) is a cultural and historical region of eastern France. It is composed of the modern departments of Doubs, ...
. In addition, a new edition was created for the
Doubs Doubs (, ; ; frp, Dubs) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in Eastern France. Named after the river Doubs, it had a population of 543,974 in 2019.Besançon Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerl ...
. In 1968, the newspaper signed a collaboration agreement with '. Sales, writing and production services for the direction were pooled, while the results were split 50/50.. In 1977, a survey by the Center for the Study of Advertising Media (CESP) placed ''L'Est Républicain'' group in fourth place in the French daily press with 1,356,000 readers. In June 1979, the newspaper was building new premises in Houdemont, in the suburbs of Nancy. In 1985, all departments, except the local editorial office in Nancy, moved to the new premises. Since 1982, all editions of ''L'Est Républicain'' were printed in offset. In 1983, Gérard Lignac, who had been administrator of the newspaper since 1966, became its president. In 1989, the newspaper celebrated its centenary by opening its doors to 15,000 readers. On 6 June 1990 the newspaper launched a daily Braille edition, the first in Europe and the second in the world. In April 1994, ''L'Est Républicain'' was a partner with M6 for the production of the local , later renamed ''Le Six 'Nancy''.


1997-2010: Establishment of the Republican group East

In May 1997, ''L'Est Républicain'' became the majority shareholder of the
Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace ''Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace'', commonly known as ''DNA'', is a regional daily French newspaper covering the Alsace region. History and profile ''DNA'' was created in November 1877 as ''Neueste Nachrichten'' by German Heinrich Ludwig Kays ...
, based in
Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...
, by buying back the shares of for 250 million francs. At the same time, the group sold the newspapers ' and to the , which also owns 27% of ''L'Est Républicain''. In October 1999, ''L'Est Républicain'' took control of its competitor ''La Liberté de l'Est'', thus strengthening its influence in eastern France. On 26 October Christophe de Beco, nephew of CEO Gérard Lignac, was appointed managing director of L'Est Républicain. In October 2002, ''Le Journal de la Haute-Marne'' became a ''
société par actions simplifiée ''Société par actions simplifiée'' (SAS; English: simplified joint-stock company) is a French type of business entity. It is the first hybrid entity enacted under French law and based on common law principles rather than civil. It is similar t ...
'' 50% owned by ''L'Est Républicain''. In February 2006, ''Est Républicain'' or France Est Médias group buys the
Rhône-Alpes Rhône-Alpes () was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône an ...
division from Socpresse for €270 million (Le Progrès, Le Dauphiné libéré, Le Bien public, Le Journal de Saône-et-Loire) with the financial support from the Banque federative du Crédit Mutuel (BFCM). The new entity formed is the EBRA group, 51% owned by the Est Républicain group and 49% by Crédit Mutuel. On 23 September 2006 ''L'Est Républicain'' revealed a confidential-defense note from the DGSE indicating that the Saudi secret services were convinced that Osama bin Laden died on 23 August 2006 of a typhoid fever attack. The information was not confirmed by France and the United States. In June 2008, Crédit Mutuel acquired the company France Est, which holds 18% of the capital of the ''Est Républicain'' group, which itself holds 51% of the EBRA group. Crédit Mutuel thus became the majority shareholder of the EBRA group. Hoever, the Hersant Media group, a minority shareholder of the Est Républicain group, asked for the cancellation of this takeover which reduced its share from 27% to 17%, dispossessing it of its blocking minority. The Nancy commercial court ruled in his favor on 23 December 2008 and the Nancy Court of Appeal confirmed the sentence on 17 June 2009. On 2 January 2009 ''La Liberté de l'Est'' and the Vosges edition of ''L'Est Républicain'' were replaced by the newspaper '' Vosges Matin''.. On 23 February 2010 ''L'Est Républicain'' changed its appearance with a new logo, a new format (large format increased from 8 to 7 columns), a new layout, and a new editorial project. The newspaper was structured around three pillars: proximity to events, decryption of current events and investigation; and divided in five spaces: Town and local, Region, Sports, France-World, East and ''vous'' (everyday life). The cost of this change was 2 million euros..


Acquisition by Crédit Mutuel

In October 2010, the Banque federative du Crédit Mutuel (BFCM) bought the 29% held by the Hersant Media group in the Est Républicain group. Already owner of a share of the capital, it now owned 48% of the Eastern Republican group. The following month, it bought 43% of shares of CEO Gérard Lignac and thus took control of the group, which was integrated into the EBRA group. On 12 July 2011 the
Autorité de la concurrence The (; ) is France's national competition regulator. Its predecessor, the Competition Council, was established in the 1950s. The Competition Authority is an , responsible for preventing anti-competitive practices and monitoring the functionin ...
authorized the takeover of the Est Républicain group by Crédit Mutuel. In October 2011, Pierre Wicker became the joint general manager of ''L'Est Républicain'', ''
Le Républicain Lorrain ''Le Républicain Lorrain'' (founded in 1919) is a daily regional French newspaper based in Metz. As of 2012, its daily circulation was 123,357. In 2020, its circulation amounted to 87,508 copies. The newspaper has its primary market in the ''r ...
'' and Vosges Matin.. On 1 October 2013 the
Franche-Comté Franche-Comté (, ; ; Frainc-Comtou: ''Fraintche-Comtè''; frp, Franche-Comtât; also german: Freigrafschaft; es, Franco Condado; all ) is a cultural and historical region of eastern France. It is composed of the modern departments of Doubs, ...
daily ', owned by ''
L'Alsace ''L'Alsace-Le Pays'' is a regional daily French newspaper. ''L'Alsace'' covers the Alsace region and ''Le Pays'' the Franche-Comté region. History and profile ''L'Alsace-Le Pays'' was created in November 1944. In addition to its headquarters in ...
'', was sold to ''L'Est Républicain''. It was a question of putting an end to a "sterile and unproductive" competition between the two titles, properties of the EBRA group. The 40 employees of ''Le Pays'' joined the 73 journalists of ''L'Est Républicain'' in Franche-Comté, and an edition of ''L'Est Républicain-Le Pays'' was produced. On 16 November 2016 a new tabloid format was created. The 64-page journal was divided into two notebooks: one general and one local. This new format required 9 months to be completed and cost €500,000 to adapt the presses. The newspaper then employed 650 people and achieved a turnover of nearly 81 million euros. A new version of the website was planned for January 2017.


Circulation


Headquarters

The first headquarters of ''L'Est Républicain'' were located on rue Saint-Dizier, in the city center of Nancy. In March 1913, the head office was transferred to a building located at the corner of avenue Foch and boulevard Joffre, opposite the Magasins Réunis, not far from the station. It was designed by the French architect Pierre Le Bourgeois in the style of the
École de Nancy École de Nancy, or the Nancy School, was a group of Art Nouveau artisans and designers working in Nancy, France between 1890 and 1914. Major figures included the furniture designer Louis Majorelle, ebonist and glass artist Jacques Grüber, the ...
, close to
Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...
. An underground used to connect this building to the one where the presses and linotypes were located and which was located a few dozen meters away, at the corner of the and . Since 1985, the head office is located at rue Théophraste-Renaudot in Houdemont, in the suburbs of Nancy. Its construction was started in June 1979..


See also

*
List of newspapers in France Below is a list of newspapers in France. National Daily ; Online newspapers * ''Mediapart'' (internet only, investigative journalism) * ''La Tribune'' (switched to internet only since 2012, economics) * ''Slate (magazine), Slate'' * ''At ...


References


External links


''L'Est Républicain'' website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Est Republicain 1889 establishments in France Mass media in Nancy, France Daily newspapers published in France Publications established in 1889