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''L.A. Noire'' is a 2011
action-adventure The action-adventure genre is a video game hybrid genre that combines core elements from both the action game and adventure game genres. Typically, pure adventure games have situational problems for the player to solve to complete a storyli ...
video game developed by
Team Bondi Team Bondi Pty. Limited ( ) was an Australian video game developer based in Sydney. The company was founded by creative director Brendan McNamara, formerly of Team Soho, in 2003. The studio's first and only title, the action-adventure game ''L. ...
and published by
Rockstar Games Rockstar Games, Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City. The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive, using the assets Take-Two had previously acquired from BMG Interactive. Foun ...
. Set in 1947
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
, the game follows
detective A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads the ...
Cole Phelps's rise among the ranks of the
Los Angeles Police Department The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially known as the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the municipal police department of Los Angeles, California. With 9,974 police officers and 3,000 civilian staff, it is the third-larges ...
as he solves a range of cases across various bureaus. When he is tasked with investigating a
morphine Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies (''Papaver somniferum''). It is mainly used as a pain medication, and is also commonly used recreationally, or to make other illicit opioids. There ...
distribution ring that involves several of his former squadmates from World War II, Phelps finds both his personal and professional life falling into turmoil, and reluctantly joins forces with his estranged former comrade, Jack Kelso, as they uncover a major conspiracy involving prominent Los Angeles figures. The game is played from a
third-person perspective Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the a ...
. The player may freely roam its interactive open world, primarily in a vehicle or on foot. As the game progresses, the player advances through several police department bureaus—Patrol, Traffic, Homicide, Vice, and Arson. The story is divided into multiple "cases", during which players must investigate crime scenes for clues, follow up leads, and interrogate suspects and witnesses; the player's success at these activities impacts how much of each case's story is revealed and their overall rating. The game features fast-paced action sequences, including chases, combat, and gunfights. Outside of cases, the player can complete optional
street crimes Street crime is a loose term for any criminal offense in a public place. The difference between street crime and white-collar crime is that street crime is often violence that occurs in a public area whereas white-collar crime is non-violent crime ...
and collect items found around the game world. The development of ''L.A. Noire'' began following Team Bondi's founding in 2004, and was assisted by multiple Rockstar studios worldwide. ''L.A. Noire'' uses the proprietary
motion capture Motion capture (sometimes referred as mo-cap or mocap, for short) is the process of recording the movement of objects or people. It is used in military, entertainment, sports, medical applications, and for validation of computer vision and robo ...
technology MotionScan, which captures actors' facial expressions from every angle, resulting in a realistic recreation of a human face essential for the game's interrogations. As part of their research for the open world, the development team conducted field research in Los Angeles. The game features an original score inspired by 1940s films, and contains licensed music of songs from the era. The game was delayed numerous times through its seven-year development, which included a change of publisher and platforms. The working hours and managerial style of the studio was met with public complaints from staff members, and Team Bondi closed shortly after the game's initial release. ''L.A. Noire'' was the first video game honoured as an official selection at the
Tribeca Film Festival The Tribeca Festival is an annual film festival organized by TriBeCa Productions, Tribeca Productions. It takes place each spring in New York City, showcasing a diverse selection of film, episodic, talks, music, games, art, and immersive progra ...
. The game was released for the PlayStation 3 and
Xbox 360 The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation ...
consoles in May 2011, and for
Windows Windows is a group of several Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, W ...
in November; an enhanced version was released for
Nintendo Switch The is a hybrid video game console developed by Nintendo and released worldwide in most regions on March 3, 2017. The console itself is a tablet that can either be docked for use as a home console or used as a portable device, making it a ...
,
PlayStation 4 The PlayStation 4 (PS4) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013, it was launched on November 15, 2013, in North America, November 29, 2013 in ...
, and
Xbox One The Xbox One is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third base console in the Xbox series of video game consoles. It was first released in North America, parts of ...
in November 2017. The game received positive reviews from critics, with praise directed at the facial animation, narrative, characters, performances, music, world design, and interrogation gameplay, though responses to the shooting and driving mechanics were mixed. It shipped four million units in its first month and 7.5 million by September 2017, and received multiple year-end nominations from
gaming publications Video game journalism is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of video games, typically based on a core "reveal–preview–review" cycle. With the prevalence and rise of independent media online, online publicati ...
. ''L.A. Noire: The VR Case Files'', a subset of cases playable in
virtual reality Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games), ed ...
, was released in December 2017.


Gameplay

''L.A. Noire'' is an
action-adventure The action-adventure genre is a video game hybrid genre that combines core elements from both the action game and adventure game genres. Typically, pure adventure games have situational problems for the player to solve to complete a storyli ...
neo-noir Neo-noir is a revival of film noir, a genre that had originally flourished during the post-World War II era in the United Statesroughly from 1940 to 1960. The French term, ''film noir'', translates literally to English as "black film", indicating s ...
crime game. Played from a
third-person perspective Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the a ...
, the game is set in an open-world environment featuring
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
in 1947. The player completes cases to progress through the story, fulfilling objectives in a generally linear order; as they roam the open world, the player can also complete optional
street crimes Street crime is a loose term for any criminal offense in a public place. The difference between street crime and white-collar crime is that street crime is often violence that occurs in a public area whereas white-collar crime is non-violent crime ...
—short, linear scenarios with set objectives—and collect items such as golden
film reels A reel is an object around which a length of another material (usually long and flexible) is wound for storage (usually hose are wound around a reel). Generally a reel has a cylindrical core (known as a '' spool'') with flanges around the end ...
, vehicles, novels, and golden
records A record, recording or records may refer to: An item or collection of data Computing * Record (computer science), a data structure ** Record, or row (database), a set of fields in a database related to one entity ** Boot sector or boot record, ...
. The player can also discover multiple landmarks based on real monuments from Los Angeles in the 1940s. For most of the game, the player controls Cole Phelps, a
Los Angeles Police Department The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially known as the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the municipal police department of Los Angeles, California. With 9,974 police officers and 3,000 civilian staff, it is the third-larges ...
(LAPD) patrolman who advances through the police department bureaus (desks) of Traffic, Homicide, Vice, and Arson; in some cases during the final desk, the player controls investigator Jack Kelso. The player has the option to play the game in
black and white Black-and-white (B&W or B/W) images combine black and white in a continuous spectrum, producing a range of shades of grey. Media The history of various visual media began with black and white, and as technology improved, altered to color. ...
to imitate
film noir Film noir (; ) is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Cinema of the United States, Hollywood Crime film, crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and motivations. The 1940s and 1950s are generally regarde ...
. While solving cases, the player discovers evidence, including information from
non-player character A non-player character (NPC), or non-playable character, is any character in a game that is not controlled by a player. The term originated in traditional tabletop role-playing games where it applies to characters controlled by the gamemaster ...
s or physical clues found in or around crime scenes, locations of interest, or dead bodies; several pieces of physical evidence can be manipulated or further investigated to discover more information. When all key clues are discovered at a crime scene, the investigation music concludes. The player can also use telephones or gamewells to contact the
police radio Police radio is a radio system used by police and other law enforcement agencies to communicate with one another. Police radio systems almost always use two-way radio systems to allow for communications between police officers and dispatchers. ...
and access additional information. During cases, the player interrogates suspects and witnesses to discover information. When the interviewee responds, the player is given the option to either believe them, doubt them, or accuse them of lying. If the player accuses them of lying, they must submit evidence to prove it. The player's in-game notebook is used to list evidence, locations, and people involved in the case, as well as to select questions during interrogations. When interrogating two suspects at the police station, the player may decide whom to charge with the crime; charging the wrong suspect affect's the case's end rating—a five-
star A star is an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night, but their immense distances from Earth ma ...
scale that is determined based on the player's performance in investigations, interrogations, and behaviour while driving. The player can use Intuition points during investigations to locate remaining clues, or during interrogation by removing an answer or discovering the most popular answer among players via the
Rockstar Games Social Club Rockstar Games, Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City. The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive, using the assets Take-Two had previously acquired from BMG Interactive. Fou ...
. Progressing through the game will increase the player's Rank, which unlocks outfits and hidden vehicles, and earns an additional Intuition point; the maximum rank is 20. In some cases, while searching for clues, the player can discover newspapers, which provide access to a short cinematic covering a part of the game's overarching plot. The game's world is primarily traversed on foot or in a vehicle. The player can climb over fences and up pipes and ladders to access different areas. While driving, the player can turn on the siren, allowing them clearer passage through streets. The game also allows the player to skip travel sequences: as Phelps, they can nominate their partner as the driver and selecting the destination; as Kelso, who lacks a partner, they select the destination and arrive after a
loading screen A loading screen is a screen shown by a computer program, very often a video game, while the program is loading (moving program data from the disk to RAM) or initializing. In early video games, the loading screen was also a chance for graphic a ...
. As Phelps, the player can also ask their partner for directions. The game features fast-paced action sequences, including chases, combat, and gunfights. The player uses melee attacks and firearms to fight enemies; weapons can be swapped by opening the
boot A boot is a type of footwear. Most boots mainly cover the foot and the ankle, while some also cover some part of the lower calf. Some boots extend up the leg, sometimes as far as the knee or even the hip. Most boots have a heel that is clearly ...
of the player's police vehicle. In combat,
auto-aim This list includes terms used in video games and the video game industry, as well as slang used by players. 0–9 A ...
and a
cover system A cover system is a video game gameplay mechanic that allows a virtual avatar to hide from and avoid dangers, usually in a three-dimensional world. This method is a digital adaptation of the real-life military tactic of taking cover behind obst ...
can be used as assistance against enemies. Should the player take damage, the colour will begin to fade to black and white; when free from damage, the character's
health Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organiza ...
will gradually regenerate. Weapons can only be used in appropriate circumstances, such as during firefights; in some chase sequences, the player has the option to fire a
warning shot In military and police contexts, a warning shot is an intentionally harmless artillery shot or gunshot with intent to enact direct compliance and order to a hostile perpetrator or enemy forces. It is recognized as signalling intended confron ...
against fleeing suspects. The player's partner will sometimes shoot at suspect vehicles during driving chase sequences. The player is presented with the option to skip action sequences and continue through the narrative upon failing three times.


Synopsis


Characters

For most of the game, the player takes on the role of Cole Phelps (
Aaron Staton Aaron Staton (born August 10, 1980) is an American actor. He played Ken Cosgrove on the AMC drama series ''Mad Men'' (2007–2015) and voiced Cole Phelps in the video game '' L.A. Noire'' (2011), for which he was nominated for a BAFTA for Bes ...
), a decorated
United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through c ...
veteran from the Sixth Marines. Phelps begins the game as an LAPD patrol officer alongside his partner Ralph Dunn ( Rodney Scott), another new recruit. When Phelps is promoted to the Traffic desk, led by Gordon Leary ( Ned Vaughn), he is partnered with Stefan Bekowsky (Sean McGowan), a Polish American whom Phelps eventually befriends. Upon his promotion to Homicide, led by James Donnelly (
Andrew Connolly Andrew Connolly (born 30 November 1965) is an Irish stage and screen actor and director. Biography Connolly was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1965 and was raised in the Finglas and Ringsend areas. At sixteen years old he left school for a seven- ...
), Phelps is partnered with Rusty Galloway (
Michael McGrady Michael Steven McGrady (born March 30, 1960) is an American theater, film and television actor. He is known for playing Tom Matthews in Beyond. He is also an artist. Life and work McGrady was born in Federal Way, Washington, to Gloria, a hair s ...
), a weary and cynical detective who often challenges Phelps's theories and opinions. In the Vice bureau, led by Archie Colmyer (Steve Rankin), Phelps becomes partners with Roy Earle, a sardonic and corrupt detective with whom Phelps repeatedly clashes over morality, behaviour, and technique. During his time in Vice, Phelps begins an extramarital affair with Elsa Lichtmann (
Erika Heynatz Erika Heynatz (born 25 March 1975) is an Australian model, actress, singer, and television personality. She joined long-running Australian TV series '' Home and Away'' in June 2015, as villainous biology teacher Charlotte King. Career Heynatz ...
), a German jazz singer. As a detective, Phelps frequently works with coroner Dr. Malcolm Carruthers ( Andy Umberger) and technical crime scene investigator Ray Pinker (
JD Cullum John David "JD" Cullum (born March 1, 1966) is an American actor who made his film debut in the '' CBS Afternoon Playhouse'' Special ''Revenge of the Nerd'' in 1983, playing a jock. Early life and family Cullum was born in New York City, the so ...
). Following his demotion to the Arson desk, led by Lachlan McKelty (
Randy Oglesby Thomas Randell Oglesby (born 1949) is an American actor, best known for his recurring role as Degra on '' Star Trek: Enterprise''. He is also known for his other ''Star Trek'' roles, including captain Trena'L in the '' Star Trek: Enterprise'' ep ...
), Phelps is partnered with Herschel Biggs (
Keith Szarabajka Keith Szarabajka (; ; born December 2, 1952) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Mickey Kostmayer on '' The Equalizer'', Daniel Holtz on ''Angel'', Gerard Stephens in '' The Dark Knight'' and Adam Engell in ''Argo''. ...
), a former Marine and proficient detective who is reclusive and opposed to partners. For some cases during Arson, the player assumes control of Jack Kelso ( Gil McKinney), a former Marine with whom Phelps developed an intense rivalry. Kelso, initially a claims investigator at California Fire and Life and later a District Attorney Investigator, helps Phelps and Elsa discover the truth behind the Suburban Redevelopment Fund (SRF)—a program founded under the pretense of providing affordable housing for returning
veteran A veteran () is a person who has significant experience (and is usually adept and esteemed) and expertise in a particular occupation or field. A military veteran is a person who is no longer serving in a military. A military veteran that ha ...
s. Members of the SRF include real estate magnate Leland Monroe (
John Noble John Noble (born 20 August 1948) is an Australian actor. He is known for his roles as Denethor in the ''Lord of the Rings'' film trilogy, Dr. Walter Bishop on the science fiction series ''Fringe'', Henry Parrish on the action-horror series ' ...
), California Fire and Life vice-president Curtis Benson (Jim Abele), and psychiatrist Harlan Fontaine (Peter Blomquist). Fontaine's mentee is medical student Courtney Sheldon (Chad Todhunter)—a former Marine with whom Phelps and Kelso were stationed—who becomes involved in the city's drug trade through a partnership with gangster
Mickey Cohen Meyer Harris "Mickey" Cohen (September 4, 1913 – July 29, 1976) was an American gangster, boxer and entrepreneur based in Los Angeles during the mid-20th century. Early life Mickey Cohen was born on September 4, 1913, in New York City to Je ...
(
Patrick Fischler Patrick S. Fischler (born December 29, 1969) is an American character actor known for his roles as Jimmy Barrett on the drama series ''Mad Men'', Dharma Initiative worker Phil on the drama series '' Lost'' and Detective Kenny No-Gun on the pol ...
). One of Fontaine's patients is Ira Hogeboom (J. Marvin Campbell), a former
flamethrower A flamethrower is a ranged incendiary device designed to project a controllable jet of fire. First deployed by the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century AD, flamethrowers saw use in modern times during World War I, and more widely in Wor ...
operator from the Sixth Marines who became severely traumatised after unintentionally burning out a cave of civilians on Phelps's orders.


Plot

In 1947, after successfully solving a major murder case as a patrol officer, Phelps is promoted to
detective A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads the ...
. His tenure at the
Traffic Traffic comprises pedestrians, vehicles, ridden or herded animals, trains, and other conveyances that use public ways (roads) for travel and transportation. Traffic laws govern and regulate traffic, while rules of the road include traffic ...
desk results in solving multiple cases of murder and fraud. Six months later, after a stint on the Burglary desk, Phelps is promoted to the Homicide desk. He and Galloway investigate various cases that contain similarities to the
Black Dahlia Elizabeth Short (July 29, 1924 – January 14–15, 1947), known posthumously as the Black Dahlia, was an American woman found murdered in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles on January 15, 1947. Her case became highly publicized ow ...
murder, arresting numerous suspects. However, Phelps is doubtful that they are apprehending the actual murderers; his theories are ultimately proven correct. They eventually track down and kill the real murderer, unbeknownst to the public. Upon being promoted into the Vice division, Phelps investigates the distribution of
military surplus Military surplus are goods, usually matériel, that are sold or otherwise disposed of when held in excess or are no longer needed by the military. Entrepreneurs often buy these goods and resell them at surplus stores. Usually the goods sold by ...
morphine Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies (''Papaver somniferum''). It is mainly used as a pain medication, and is also commonly used recreationally, or to make other illicit opioids. There ...
, stolen from the ship that had brought home his former Marine unit. He learns that several members of his former unit had stolen and distributed the morphine, only to be assassinated on the orders of Cohen. During this time, Phelps begins his affair with Elsa. Earle helps several prominent figures in the city draw attention away from a major prostitution scandal by exposing Phelps's adultery before he is able to draw a confession from Sheldon over his involvement with the stolen morphine. In exchange, Earle is given a place in the SRF. Phelps's marriage ends, he becomes disgraced in the LAPD, and he is demoted to the Arson desk, where he is tasked with investigating several suspicious house fires. Despite noting a solid connection between them and a housing development that the SRF operates, Phelps is warned off by Earle from pursuing the syndicate and its founder Monroe. Seeking help, Phelps prompts Kelso to look into the matter. Kelso discovers that the development uses unsuitable building materials and that his boss Benson is knowingly insuring them. Following a shootout at Monroe's mansion, Kelso learns that the syndicate used one of Fontaine's patients to burn down the homes of those who would not agree to sell their property to the fund; eventually, his patient accidentally killed four people in one such fire and became irreversibly traumatised. The patient confronts and murders Fontaine at his
clinic A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care need ...
and kidnaps Elsa. Investigating the clinic, Phelps discovers that the syndicate was a front to defraud the Federal Government: Knowing the government would later purchase the plots through
eminent domain Eminent domain (United States, Philippines), land acquisition (India, Malaysia, Singapore), compulsory purchase/acquisition (Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, United Kingdom), resumption (Hong Kong, Uganda), resumption/compulsory acquisition (Austr ...
, Monroe would acquire land with money invested by the syndicate and build surreptitiously cheap houses to increase their value. Phelps also discovers that Sheldon, overcome with guilt, had provided Fontaine with the stolen morphine under the pretense that Fontaine would legally provide the morphine to medical facilities with the profits being reinvested into the SRF; Fontaine later murdered Sheldon after gaining knowledge of Kelso's investigation into the SRF. Kelso realises that Fontaine's patient was Hogeboom. Phelps and Kelso pursue Hogeboom and Elsa into the
Los Angeles River , name_etymology = , image = File:Los Angeles River from Fletcher Drive Bridge 2019.jpg , image_caption = L.A. River from Fletcher Drive Bridge , image_size = 300 , map = LARmap.jpg , map_size ...
Tunnels. The pair rescue Elsa, and Kelso shoots Hogeboom to end his suffering. As the water rises within the tunnels following intense rainfall, Elsa and Kelso manage to escape, but a violent current kills Phelps. At Phelps's funeral, Earle delivers a eulogy, claiming that Phelps was wrongly accused of wrongdoings and that he had exposed the corruption of Fontaine and Monroe. After Elsa leaves in disgust, Kelso asks Biggs to comfort her; Biggs confirms to Kelso that while Kelso and Phelps were not friends, they were never enemies. In a closing
epilogue An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος ''epílogos'', "conclusion" from ἐπί ''epi'', "in addition" and λόγος ''logos'', "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the w ...
flashback, Kelso is revealed to have known about the stolen morphine but refused to be involved in its distribution, knowing the trouble it would cause.


Development

After the release of '' The Getaway'' (2002), writer and director Brendan McNamara left developer
Team Soho Team Soho (formerly credited as SCEE Internal Development Team or also known as SCEE Studio Soho) was a British first-party video game developer and a studio of Sony Computer Entertainment based in Soho, London. The company was founded in 199 ...
and moved from London to his native Sydney. In mid-2003, he founded the six-person development studio
Team Bondi Team Bondi Pty. Limited ( ) was an Australian video game developer based in Sydney. The company was founded by creative director Brendan McNamara, formerly of Team Soho, in 2003. The studio's first and only title, the action-adventure game ''L. ...
alongside former Team Soho developers. The development of ''L.A. Noire'' began shortly thereafter, in 2004. The studio had signed an exclusive deal with
Sony Computer Entertainment Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE), formerly known as Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE), is a multinational video game and digital entertainment company wholly owned by multinational conglomerate Sony. The SIE Group is made up of two legal co ...
to develop a game for the , though the publishing rights were handed to
Rockstar Games Rockstar Games, Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City. The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive, using the assets Take-Two had previously acquired from BMG Interactive. Foun ...
by September 2006. The development team visited Rockstar's headquarters in New York every few months to exhibit progress. Development was assisted by multiple studios owned by Rockstar Games worldwide. Analyst estimations place the game's combined development and marketing budget at more than , which would make it one of the
most expensive video games to develop The following is a list of the most expensive video games ever developed, with a minimum total cost of US$50 million and sorted by the total cost adjusted for inflation. Most game budgets are not disclosed, so this list is not indicative of ind ...
. Unlike other games by Rockstar, which run on the
Rockstar Advanced Game Engine The Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) is a proprietary game engine developed by RAGE Technology Group, a division of Rockstar Games' Rockstar San Diego studio. Since its first game, '' Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis'' in 2006, release ...
, ''L.A. Noire'' uses a proprietary engine from Team Bondi. McNamara led the founding of Depth Analysis, a sister company to Team Bondi that developed the
motion capture Motion capture (sometimes referred as mo-cap or mocap, for short) is the process of recording the movement of objects or people. It is used in military, entertainment, sports, medical applications, and for validation of computer vision and robo ...
technology MotionScan, which records actors with 32 surrounding cameras to capture facial expressions from every angle, resulting in a highly realistic recreation of a human face. The technology is central to the game's interrogation mechanic, as players are required to use reactions to questioning to judge whether they are lying. Rockstar was often doubtful about the process, and the team considered using the same technique as other Rockstar games like ''
Red Dead Redemption ''Red Dead Redemption'' is a 2010 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. A spiritual successor to 2004's ''Red Dead Revolver'', it is the second game in the ''Red Dead'' series. ''Red Dead Redempt ...
'' (2010) as a fallback. The game also uses Havok as its
physics engine A physics engine is computer software that provides an approximate simulation of certain physical systems, such as rigid body dynamics (including collision detection), soft body dynamics, and fluid dynamics, of use in the domains of computer ...
. Eleven cases across two desks— Bunko and Burglary—were cut from the game as the team suspected they would not fit on one
Blu-ray The Blu-ray Disc (BD), often known simply as Blu-ray, is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 2005 and released on June 20, 2006 worldwide. It is designed to supersede the DVD format, and capable of stori ...
for PlayStation 3; the
Xbox 360 The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. It competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation ...
version utilised three discs, though it originally used up to six prior to compression. A similar system to ''
Grand Theft Auto ''Grand Theft Auto'' (''GTA'') is a series of action-adventure games created by David Jones and Mike Dailly. Later titles were developed under the oversight of brothers Dan and Sam Houser, Leslie Benzies and Aaron Garbut. It is primarily ...
''s wanted system—wherein the player would evade and attack other police officers—was also removed as it felt out of character for Phelps. McNamara had been interested in 1940s Los Angeles for some time—while working on ''The Getaway'', he had a
screensaver A screensaver (or screen saver) is a computer program that blanks the display screen or fills it with moving images or patterns when the computer has been idle for a designated time. The original purpose of screensavers was to prevent phosphor ...
of the first freeway being built in Los Angeles—and felt that the improvement in lighting systems from the
PlayStation 2 The PlayStation 2 (PS2) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on 4 March 2000, in North America on 26 October 2000, in Europe on 24 November 2000, and in Australia o ...
to PlayStation 3 allowed the possibility to explore the film noir genre. He began with writing a 4–5-page outline before reading stories from the
Los Angeles Public Library The Los Angeles Public Library system (LAPL) is a public library system in Los Angeles, California. The system holds more than six million volumes, and with around 19 million residents in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, it serves the larges ...
to use as inspiration. The team spent the first year-and-a-half of development researching Los Angeles by using newspapers and magazines, organising research trips, and capturing photographs; a total of 180,000 photographs were available as resources throughout development, and over 1,000 newspapers were used for research. The open world of 1947 Los Angeles was modelled using aerial photographs taken by photographer Robert Spence, which helped to create traffic patterns and public transport routes, as well as the location and condition of buildings. Building interiors were also based on real buildings in Los Angeles; the team extensively studied the
Barclay Hotel The Barclay Hotel was located at 237 S. 18th St. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on Rittenhouse Square. Opened in October 1929, it was, at one time, the most famous hotel in the city, and was owned by the well-known developer John McShain. After a l ...
for an accurate recreation in-game. While striving for an accurate recreation, the team took some
artistic licence Artistic license (alongside more contextually-specific derivative terms such as poetic license, historical license, dramatic license, and narrative license) refers to deviation from fact or form for artistic purposes. It can include the alterat ...
, including the appearance of the set for the film ''
Intolerance Intolerance may refer to: * Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usual ...
'', which was destroyed prior to the 1940s but included to celebrate its history. The team created over 140 production bibles during development, acting as
style guide A style guide or manual of style is a set of standards for the writing, formatting, and design of documents. It is often called a style sheet, although that term also has multiple other meanings. The standards can be applied either for gener ...
s with information about floorplans, dressing, signs, graphics, lighting, and reference material. Several in-game cases were inspired by real-life crimes reported by the city's media at the time; for example, "The Red Lipstick Murder" is based on the unsolved murder of Jeanne French in February 1947. When creating the themes, narrative, visuals, and sounds of the game, McNamara and the team were inspired by several films, albums, television and radio shows, and books. ''L.A. Noire'' has over twenty hours of voice work, and over 400 actors performed for the game. McNamara felt that the game's technology allows players to connect with the characters in a way that video games had not achieved; he aimed "to go on a personal journey with characters". The team engaged
Michael Uppendahl Michael Uppendahl is an American television and film director. He is well known for his work on the AMC period drama ''Mad Men''; the FX shows ''American Horror Story'', '' Fargo'', and ''Legion''; and the Fox musical/dramedy ''Glee''. Career ...
to direct the actors due to his familiarity with the process. To cast the characters, the team held secretive auditions. Aaron Staton was cast to portray Cole Phelps and worked on the project for about 18 months; Rockstar Vice President of Creativity
Dan Houser Daniel Houser (born November 1973) is an English video game producer, writer, and voice actor, as well as the co-founder (along with his brother Sam) and former vice president of creativity for Rockstar Games. As well as producing video games, ...
had suggested Staton for the role. Prior to performing, Staton received a 12-page document that outlined the story and Phelps's history, as he was unable to read the entire 2,200-page script beforehand. Regarding the switch in player character from Phelps to Kelso, McNamara explained that the player had to "go outside the realm of being a cop to bend the rules". He felt that the ending was akin to ''
A Tale of Two Cities ''A Tale of Two Cities'' is a historical novel published in 1859 by Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution. The novel tells the story of the French Doctor Manette, his 18-year-long imprisonment in the ...
'' (1859), with the characters coming "full circle" where " helpscould do something for elsofor once"; Phelps's death was partly inspired by the ending of the film ''
Chinatown A Chinatown () is an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside Greater China, most often in an urban setting. Areas known as "Chinatown" exist throughout the world, including Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Africa and Austr ...
'' (1974). A gameplay sequence was originally meant to take place after Phelps's death, but it was cut after some time as it "never really worked". The game features an original score composed by Andrew Hale and
Simon Hale Simon Hale is a British composer, arranger, and keyboardist. Life Hale was born in Birmingham, England in 1964, being dually raised there and in South Manchester before moving to London, where he studied popular music at Goldsmiths College, Uni ...
. Recorded at
Abbey Road Studios Abbey Road Studios (formerly EMI Recording Studios) is a recording studio at 3 Abbey Road, St John's Wood, City of Westminster, London, England. It was established in November 1931 by the Gramophone Company, a predecessor of British music c ...
, the score was inspired by orchestral scores from 1940s films. The composers attempted to compose music that felt accessible to players, avoiding an exclusive focus on swing or
jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major f ...
. Andrew Hale felt that composing the game's score was a flexible process "about setting a mood", as opposed to a "mechanical" process in which the music was specifically composed to fit with the time frames of the game. To assist with the score, Rockstar engaged
Woody Jackson Woodrow Wilson Jackson III (born June 10, 1970) is an American composer and session musician. He is best known for his work with Rockstar Games, composing scores for its video games ''Red Dead Redemption'', ''L.A. Noire'', ''Grand Theft Auto V' ...
, who had previously collaborated with the team on the music of ''Red Dead Redemption''. Jackson re-orchestrated one of the themes and wrote much of the in-game music. While the game's score largely uses a live orchestra, Jackson found that this led to difficulties with interactive music as the player can hear the loop; inspired by film noir and the works of musicians like Bernard Herman, Jackson departed from the existing music and wrote original tracks in about a month. In addition to the original score and licensed tracks, the game features original vocal recordings in order to create an authentic sound to suit the musical identity of the period. The game also contains licensed music tracks provided by the in-game radio from artists such as
Ella Fitzgerald Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917June 15, 1996) was an American jazz singer, sometimes referred to as the "First Lady of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, in ...
,
Dizzy Gillespie John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, educator and singer. He was a trumpet virtuoso and improviser, building on the virtuosic style of Roy Eldridge but addin ...
, and
Billie Holiday Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959) was an American jazz and swing music singer. Nicknamed "Lady Day" by her friend and music partner, Lester Young, Holiday had an innovative influence on jazz music and pop si ...
. The developers engaged
The Real Tuesday Weld The Real Tuesday Weld are a British band, founded in 1999 by lead singer and producer Stephen Coates, who studied at the Royal College of Art. They have released several albums, many singles and EPs, and many tracks on compilations. Their comb ...
to create three original vocal tracks to create an authentic sound to suit the musical identity of the period; the songs were performed by
Claudia Brücken Claudia Brücken (born 7 December 1963) is a German singer and songwriter. She is best known as the lead vocalist of the synth-pop band Propaganda. In 1996, Brücken started working with Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark co-founder Paul Humphrey ...
, and sung in-game by Elsa.


Staff complaints

Shortly after the launch of the game, a group of former Team Bondi employees launched a website called lanoirecredits.com, containing over 100 names which had been excluded or incorrectly listed in the official game credits. An anonymous employee claimed that he was asked to work 10–12 hours every day, including weekends. Following this, in a report by ''
IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa dist ...
'', several anonymous members of the development team publicly discussed the managerial style of the studio, the studio's staff turnover rates, and the working hours and conditions associated with ''L.A. Noire''; some claimed that McNamara had been controlling and verbally abusive, and others spoke about their increased workload as a result of the studio's high turnover. Several referenced the ongoing crunch throughout development; one claimed to occasionally work between 80 and 110 hours per week to meet some development milestones. Some ex-employees claimed that they were not paid for their
overtime Overtime is the amount of time someone works beyond normal working hours. The term is also used for the pay received for this time. Normal hours may be determined in several ways: *by custom (what is considered healthy or reasonable by society), ...
, a claim McNamara refuted. Following the publication of ''IGN''s report, the
International Game Developers Association The International Game Developers Association (IGDA) is a nonprofit professional association whose stated mission is to "support and empower game developers around the world in achieving fulfilling and sustainable careers." The IGDA is incorpo ...
launched an investigation against Team Bondi to verify the claims made. Lead gameplay programmer David Heironymus and senior gameplay programmer Charles Lefebvre rebutted the claims, acknowledging that crunch was unfortunate but inevitable and stating that they were not aware of any unpaid overtime or abusive working conditions. McNamara felt that he had been unfairly maligned by many ex-employees, noting that other artists and businessmen in other industries—such as
Steve Jobs Steven Paul Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, industrial designer, media proprietor, and investor. He was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple; the chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar; a m ...
,
Sam Peckinpah David Samuel Peckinpah (; February 21, 1925 – December 28, 1984) was an American film director and screenwriter. His 1969 Western epic ''The Wild Bunch'' received an Academy Award nomination and was ranked No. 80 on the American Film Institut ...
, and
Werner Herzog Werner Herzog (; born 5 September 1942) is a German film director, screenwriter, author, actor, and opera director, regarded as a pioneer of New German Cinema. His films often feature ambitious protagonists with impossible dreams, people with un ...
—had performed worse actions than him with much less vilification. He claimed that the studio had improved its working conditions in the months after release, including the introduction of
flexitime Flextime (also spelled flexitime ( BE) or flex-time) is a flexible hours schedule that allows workers to alter their workday and decide/adjust their start and finish times. In contrast to traditional work arrangements that require employees to wor ...
. In July 2011, a series of confidential emails were leaked along with further comments from staff members who claimed that they highlight the contentious relationship between Team Bondi and Rockstar. McNamara questioned how the confidential emails were allowed to be shared, noting that it sets a "pretty dangerous precedent". Speaking to ''
Gamesindustry.biz Gamer Network Limited (formerly Eurogamer Network Limited) is a British mass media company based in Brighton. Founded in 1999 by Rupert and Nick Loman, it owns brands—primarily editorial websites—relating to video game journalism and othe ...
'', an anonymous source from the development team claimed that Rockstar "saved the project", but that the relationship between Rockstar and Team Bondi was "badly damaged" and that it was "quite clear" that further collaborations were unlikely. The source claimed that Rockstar was frustrated with the direction at Team Bondi, and as a result management at Team Bondi "resented Rockstar for taking lots of creative control". They added that Rockstar "used to be very keen on making Team Bondi something like 'Rockstar Sydney'", but "the more they worked with Team Bondi management, the more they came to understand that this was a terrible idea". McNamara remained optimistic about his relationship with Rockstar, and said that "hopefully it doesn't have any hard feelings about us".


Release and promotion

''L.A. Noire'' was officially announced in 2005, to be released by Sony for the PlayStation 3; the publishing rights were handed to Rockstar Games by September 2006, though no platforms were specified. An early cinematic trailer was released in October 2006. Rockstar's parent company
Take-Two Interactive Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. is an American video game holding company based in New York City and founded by Ryan Brant in September 1993. The company owns two major publishing labels, Rockstar Games and 2K, which operate internal g ...
acknowledged the game in June 2007, listing it for release in the 2008
fiscal year A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is used in government accounting, which varies between countries, and for budget purposes. It is also used for financial reporting by businesses and other organizations. Laws in many ju ...
(October 2007 – September 2008) for the PlayStation 3; the game subsequently received several delays: first to the 2009 fiscal year, then to September 2010, and later to the first half of 2011, which was later narrowed down to 17 May 2011 for North America, and 20 May for Australia and Europe. The game was the subject of ''
Game Informer ''Game Informer'' (''GI'', most often stylized ''gameinformer'' from the 2010s onward) is an American monthly video game magazine featuring articles, news, strategy, and reviews of video games and associated consoles. It debuted in August 1991 w ...
''s
cover story Cover story or Cover Story may refer to: * A magazine or newspaper article whose subject appears on that issue's front cover, and may be profiled in depth. * A fictitious explanation intended to hide one's real motive; see disinformation, cover-u ...
for its March 2010 issue. The debut trailer was released in November 2010, revealing that the game would release in early 2011 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. A development video was released in December 2010, demonstrating MotionScan and featuring interviews with the cast and developers. The game's cover art was unveiled on 23 February 2011. The game was exhibited at
PAX East PAX (originally known as Penny Arcade Expo) is a series of gaming culture festivals involving tabletop, arcade, and video gaming. PAX is held annually in Seattle, Boston and Philadelphia in the United States; and Melbourne in Australia. PAX w ...
in March 2011 with an exclusive theatre presentation. The final pre-launch trailer was released on 11 May 2011. To spur
pre-order A pre-order is an order placed for an item that has not yet been released. The idea for pre-orders came because people found it hard to get popular items in stores because of their popularity. Companies then had the idea to allow customers to r ...
game sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide pre-order bonuses. Rockstar also ran a competition to win a trip to Los Angeles to attend the Festival of Film Noir at the
Grauman's Egyptian Theatre Grauman's Egyptian Theatre is a historic movie theater located at 6706 Hollywood Blvd. in Hollywood, California. Opened in 1922, it is an early example of a lavish movie palace and is noted as having been the site of the first-ever Hollywood fi ...
, and play the game a month before its release. In April 2011, ''L.A. Noire'' was honoured as an official selection at the
Tribeca Film Festival The Tribeca Festival is an annual film festival organized by TriBeCa Productions, Tribeca Productions. It takes place each spring in New York City, showcasing a diverse selection of film, episodic, talks, music, games, art, and immersive progra ...
, the first video game to do so. Rockstar partnered with
Mulholland Books Mulholland Books (US) is an imprint of Little, Brown and Company, a division of the Hachette Book Group. It specializes in publishing mysteries, thrillers, and suspense novels. History Little, Brown and Company announced the creation of Mulholl ...
to publish ''L.A. Noire: The Collected Stories'' on 6 June 2011, featuring a collection of eight short stories in the ''L.A. Noire'' universe written by noted crime authors, including
Lawrence Block Lawrence Block (born June 24, 1938) is an American crime writer best known for two long-running New York-set series about the recovering alcoholic P.I. Matthew Scudder and the gentleman burglar Bernie Rhodenbarr. Block was named a Grand M ...
,
Joe R. Lansdale Joe Richard Lansdale (born October 28, 1951) is an American writer and martial arts instructor. A prose writer in a variety of genres - Western, horror, science fiction, mystery, and suspense - he's also written comic books and screenplays. ...
,
Joyce Carol Oates Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American writer. Oates published her first book in 1963, and has since published 58 novels, a number of plays and novellas, and many volumes of short stories, poetry, and non-fiction. Her novels '' Bla ...
,
Francine Prose Francine Prose (born April 1, 1947) is an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and critic. She is a visiting professor of literature at Bard College, and was formerly president of PEN American Center. Life and career Born in Brookl ...
, and
Andrew Vachss Andrew Henry Vachss ( ; October 19, 1942 – November 23, 2021) was an American crime fiction author, child protection consultant, and attorney exclusively representing children and youths. Early life and career Vachss grew up in Manhattan on ...
. The collection, edited and curated by Jonathan Santlofer, was completed in six weeks. Some of the writers—including
Megan Abbott Megan Abbott (born August 21, 1971) is an American author of crime fiction and of non-fiction analyses of hardboiled crime fiction. Her novels and short stories have drawn from and re-worked classic subgenres of crime writing from a female perspec ...
,
Duane Swierczynski Duane Louis Swierczynski (born February 22, 1972) is an American crime writer known for his work in non-fiction books, novels and comic books. Early life Duane Swierczynski was born and raised in Frankford, a neighborhood in lower Northeast Ph ...
, and Santlofer—previewed an hour of the game for inspiration at Rockstar's headquarters in New York. Rockstar originally rejected Santlofer's story as it spoiled some of the game's narrative; he began to write a second story before deciding to rewrite the first without spoilers. Rockstar released an excerpt and five full stories before the game's release in May 2011. Rockstar announced a re-release of the game in September 2017 for
Nintendo Switch The is a hybrid video game console developed by Nintendo and released worldwide in most regions on March 3, 2017. The console itself is a tablet that can either be docked for use as a home console or used as a portable device, making it a ...
,
PlayStation 4 The PlayStation 4 (PS4) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013, it was launched on November 15, 2013, in North America, November 29, 2013 in ...
, and
Xbox One The Xbox One is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third base console in the Xbox series of video game consoles. It was first released in North America, parts of ...
; it was released on 14 November 2017. Developed by
Virtuos Virtuos is a global video game development company headquartered in Singapore with studios across Asia, Europe, and North America. Virtuos specializes in game development and art production for AAA consoles, PC, and mobile titles – working as an ...
, the enhanced version features finer texture details, upgraded weather effects, and new camera angles; the Switch version also features gyroscopic controls with the
Joy-Con Joy-Con are the primary game controllers for the Nintendo Switch video game console. They consist of two individual units, each containing an analog stick and an array of buttons. They can be used while attached to the main Nintendo Switch cons ...
. Rockstar also announced ''L.A. Noire: The VR Case Files'', a subset of seven of the game's cases for
virtual reality Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games), ed ...
support through the
HTC Vive VIVE, sometimes referred to as HTC Vive, is a virtual reality brand of HTC Corporation. It consists of hardware like its titular virtual reality headsets and accessories, virtual reality software and services, and initiatives that promote app ...
. Developed by Videogames Deluxe, a new studio founded by McNamara, the game was released on 15 December 2017, following a delay from November; support for
Oculus Rift Oculus Rift is a discontinued line of virtual reality headsets developed and manufactured by Oculus VR, a division of Meta Platforms, released on March 28, 2016. In 2012 Oculus initiated a Kickstarter campaign to fund the Rift's development, af ...
devices was added on 4 April 2018, and the game was released for
PlayStation VR The PlayStation VR (PS VR, known by its code name Project Morpheus during development) is a virtual reality headset developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, which was released in October 2016. It is fully functional with the PlayStation 4 an ...
on 25 September 2019.


Additional content

Rockstar announced that it would release several pieces of
downloadable content Downloadable content (DLC) is additional content created for an already released video game, distributed through the Internet by the game's publisher. It can either be added for no extra cost or it can be a form of video game monetization, enablin ...
for ''L.A. Noire'' shortly following its release in May 2011; all content could be pre-purchased in the "Rockstar Pass", one of the first examples of a season pass in video games. Five cases were released as downloadable content, the first two also as pre-order bonuses: "The Naked City" on 31 May 2011, a Vice case inspired by the 1948 film of the same name; "A Slip of the Tongue" on 31 May 2011, a Traffic case focusing on
motor vehicle theft Motor vehicle theft (also known as a car theft and, in the United States, grand theft auto) is the criminal act of stealing or attempting to steal a motor vehicle. Nationwide in the United States in 2020, there were 810,400 vehicles reported ...
; "Nicholson Electroplating" on 21 June 2011, an Arson case based on the 1947 explosion of the O'Connor Electro-Plating company; "Reefer Madness" on 12 July 2011, a Vice case surrounding illegal reefer operations; and "The Consul's Car" on 26 July 2011, a Traffic case originally exclusive to PlayStation 3. All in-game items initially available as pre-order content were also made available as part of the Rockstar Pass. Rockstar announced ''L.A. Noire: The Complete Edition'' for
Windows Windows is a group of several Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, W ...
in September 2011, containing all downloadable content and featuring some gameplay and technical enhancements; it was released on 8 November 2011 in North America, and on 11 November in Australia and Europe, followed by a release on PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on 15 November.


Reception


Critical response

''L.A. Noire'' received "generally favorable reviews" from critics, according to review aggregator
Metacritic Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of films, TV shows, music albums, video games and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc D ...
. It was praised for its facial animation, narrative, characters and performances, music, world design, and interrogation gameplay, though responses to the shooting and driving mechanics were mixed. ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the G ...
''s Steve Boxer described it as a "breakthrough for games"; ''
Edge Edge or EDGE may refer to: Technology Computing * Edge computing, a network load-balancing system * Edge device, an entry point to a computer network * Adobe Edge, a graphical development application * Microsoft Edge, a web browser developed by ...
'' felt that most elements are achieved better by other games, but that "few developers have brought such a diffuse set of genres together so atmospherically, stylishly or cohesively". ''
GameTrailers ''GameTrailers'' (''GT'') was an American video gaming website created by Geoffrey R. Grotz and Brandon Jones in 2002. The website specialized in multimedia content, including trailers and gameplay footage of upcoming and recently released v ...
'' wrote that it "sets a new standard for storytelling in video games", though noted some overall limitations compared to other games. Reviewers praised the game's facial animation, with several stating that it is the best in any video game. ''GameTrailers'' wrote that "it allows a level of emoting that's never been seen in interactive entertainment". Matt Liebl of ''GameZone'' felt that the interrogation mechanic would have been unrealistic without the use of MotionScan. ''
Joystiq ''Joystiq'' was a video gaming blog founded in June 2004 as part of the Weblogs, Inc. family of weblogs, now owned by AOL. It was AOL's primary video game blog, with sister blogs dealing with MMORPG gaming in general and the popular MMORPG ''Worl ...
''s
Justin McElroy Justin Tyler McElroy ( , born November 8, 1980) is an American podcaster, comedian, and former video game journalist. He is known for his work on podcasts (such as '' My Brother, My Brother and Me'', ''The Adventure Zone'', and '' Sawbones'') an ...
considered the technology "nothing short of revolutionary", noting that it allowed the player to view "an actor's entire performance"; ''Edge'' found that it added a "human element" to the interrogations. Some reviewers found that the body animations failed to match the faces, sometimes failing to bridge the
uncanny valley In aesthetics, the uncanny valley ( ja, 不気味の谷 ''bukimi no tani'') is a hypothesized relation between an object's degree of resemblance to a human being and the emotional response to the object. The concept suggests that humanoid object ...
, but felt that the effect added to the realism and subtlety of performances. ''GameSpy''s Ryan Scott considered ''L.A. Noire'' to be "one of the strongest stories Rockstar's ever published", and ''Giant Bomb''s Brad Shoemaker called it "among the best in the business", citing its cohesiveness and tension near its climax. Liebl of ''GameZone'' thought that the focus on narrative and performances excelled the game over Rockstar's action-oriented titles. Boxer of ''The Guardian'' praised the narrative's pacing and arc; Carolyn Petit of ''GameSpot'' found that the game's later chapters made the slower pace of the early story more worthy. ''GamePro''s Will Herring similarly lauded the game's final act, noting the narrative's accuracy in its portrayal of Los Angeles; conversely, some reviewers felt that the game became less interesting towards the end, and some found that it became repetitive. Hilary Goldstein of ''IGN'' wrote that the cases that strayed from the formula—particularly the Homicide desk—were among the best, though noted that the game failed to reach the emotional heights of ''Heavy Rain''. Petit of ''GameSpot'' found Phelps's character development "fascinating", though Herring of ''GamePro'' wrote that his rapport with his partners made the game more interesting. ''Giant Bomb''s Shoemaker felt that the character's dialogue made them feel appropriate to the setting. Critics lauded the cast's performances, with particular praise for Aaron Staton, John Noble, Andrew Connolly, and Michael McGrady; ''Edge'' felt that Connolly "dominated any scene he's in". Some reviewers found that the performances made the characters feel more believable and convincing; ''IGN''s Goldstein praised the actors' mannerisms. Ryan McCaffrey of ''Official Xbox Magazine'' (''OXM'') wrote that the performances made it "a hell of a great drama to watch unfold"; similarly, McElroy of ''Joystiq'' felt that they made it one of the "most compelling video game stories ever". ''Eurogamer''s Oli Welsh wrote that Staton as Phelps "does his best with a dry character". Many reviewers found Los Angeles to be the "star" of the game, with praise directed at the generally accurate recreation of the city in 1947. ''Eurogamer''s Welsh compared it to Rockstar's ''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' (2004) and ''Midnight Club: Los Angeles'' (2008), noting that "it's the fastidious period detail that really impresses this time". Shoemaker of ''Giant Bomb'' wrote that the historical elements greatly benefited the overall tone and atmosphere, granting authenticity to the narrative. ''GamePro''s Herring called it "one of the richest and most impressively rendered video game environments". Matt Helgeson of ''Game Informer'' lauded the attention to detail, but felt that it lacked the feeling of interactivity of Liberty City from Rockstar's ''Grand Theft Auto IV'' (2008). Petit of ''GameSpot'' said that the "outstanding" art direction made the game more memorable, but that the believability of the open world was marred by the awkward dialogue of the non-playable pedestrians. Reviewers lauded the game's original score. Welsh of ''Eurogamer'' opined that it contributed to the overall atmosphere, comparing it favourably to the "ominous swells" of ''Taxi Driver'' (1976) and the "signature muted brass" of ''L.A. Confidential'' (1997). ''GameSpot''s Petit concurred that it successfully evoked some of the best music of film noir, and ''Joystiq''s McElroy praised its authenticity to the time period. Helgeson of ''Game Informer'' felt that the game effectively balances jazz tracks from the 1940s with a "mournful score". ''Giant Bomb''s Shoemaker wrote that the "big-orchestra score feels completely appropriate for the setting and subject matter", and appreciated the music notes used during investigations. ''Game Informer''s Helgeson considered the interrogations "the most compelling aspect of ''L.A. Noire''"; ''IGN''s Goldstein concurred, comparing them to dialogue-heavy scenes from Role-playing video games, role-playing games. Shoemaker of ''Giant Bomb'' favourably compared the interrogations to the Dialogue tree, dialogue choices of ''Mass Effect 2'', noting that they provide new energy to each case. Petit of ''GameSpot'' found that the interrogations became more interesting once the player received more autonomy. ''OXM''s McCaffrey appreciated the "vigor" brought to the game by the interrogations, but criticised their passive nature of simply listening and pressing a single button. Some reviewers considered the system flawed due to its vague and sometimes illogical choices. Critics were divided on the game's investigation elements: ''GameSpot''s Petit called it "compelling" and praised the rich details, while ''Eurogamer''s Welsh called it "clunky" and "laborious"; Helgeson of ''Game Informer'' felt that they became repetitive over the course of the game, feeling "more like an Easter egg hunt than an actual investigation", while Liebl of ''GameZone'' criticised the lack of significant penalty. Several critics commented on the game's action sequences and driving controls. ''Eurogamer''s Welsh found the foot-chases to be "memorable and fun", comparing them to Police procedural, police television shows, while ''Game Informer''s Helgeson wrote that they became "predictable and repetitive". Most reviewers considered the core gameplay simple to understand, though ''GameZone''s Liebl felt that this lessened the experience, and ''GameTrailers'' described the controls as "floaty" and "imprecise". Petit of ''GameSpot'' found the cars to be "responsible and swift", and Shoemaker of ''Giant Bomb'' called the car chases his favourite aspect of the action sequences; other reviewers generally concurred, though some felt that the driving was less impressive outside of car chases. Critics generally agreed that the game's shooting mechanics were competent but simple; some found the controls awkward or repetitive, while others considered it lacklustre compared to Rockstar's ''Grand Theft Auto'' and ''Red Dead Redemption''. ''GamePro''s Herring, however, called it "memorable" and "rewarding". ''L.A. Noire''s Windows release also received "generally favorable reviews", according to Metacritic. ''GameSpot''s Petit considered it the best version of the game due to the inclusion of all DLC cases. Carlos Leiva of ''Vandal'' lauded the higher resolution textures, increased draw distances, additional environmental designs, and stable performance. Nathan Grayson of ''GameSpy'' appreciated the improvements, but ultimately considered it "a pretty bare-bones PC port"; Tommaso Pugliese of ''Multiplayer.it'' echoed this sentiment, feeling that the changes from the console release were minimal and the controls were made worse with a keyboard and mouse. Anthony Gallegos of ''IGN'' felt that the port could use additional optimisation, citing some technical problems; Matthieu Hurel of ''Gamekult'' was similarly disappointed by the lack of improvements in the Windows version. Will Garrido of ''FiringSquad'' criticised the port's performance, controls, lack of graphical improvements, and required installation of the Rockstar Games Social Club, and wrote that the game Crash (computing), crashed several times.


Re-release

''L.A. Noire''s re-release on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One received "generally favorable reviews", according to Metacritic. Sam Brooke of ''Push Square'' wrote that the re-release was "certainly worth its asking price", and Matt Espineli of ''GameSpot'' declared that "it's well worth replaying or experiencing for the first time". ''Gameplanet''s Toby Berger considered the Switch version an effective showcase for the console. The graphical upgrades divided critics—some felt that the re-release had significantly upgraded the original game, while others felt that it contained few differences, especially on the Nintendo Switch version—though most concurred that the Switch version suffered from some dips in frame rate or other performance issues; Berger of ''Gameplanet'' felt that it "doesn't occur often enough to detract much from the overall experience". ''Push Square''s Brooke appreciated the upgraded visuals, particularly praising the new lighting engine. Some critics noted that the sharper textures and increased draw distances had emphasised the game's outdated visuals; Ben Tyrer of ''PlayStation Official Magazine – UK'' (''OPM'') felt that the facial capture looked "low-res when compared to the rest of the world", and Dave Meikleham of ''OXM'' said that the increased visuals "can't disguise" the poor character design. The addition of Joy-Con controls and touchscreen support for the Nintendo Switch also divided critics. Cody Perez of ''GameRevolution'' considered the Joy-Con controls a "welcome addition", and felt that the touchscreen support made the investigations more user friendly; Simone Pettine of ''Multiplayer.it'' corroborated the latter, stating that the game's existence on the Switch proved that it was possible for other games. ''Destructoid''s Chris Carter was intrigued by the touchscreen controls, while ''IGN''s Alanah Pearce found the motion controls "precise enough" to correspond with the in-game animations. Conversely, Chris James of ''Pocket Gamer'' called the Switch controls "lazy and pointless", questioning why Rockstar highlighted them in the game's marketing. Some reviewers noted a preference for the original controller setup. Some critics commented on the additions and changes to the re-releases. ''Push Square''s Brooke considered the change of the interrogation responses to be "more fitting" to Phelps's dialogue. Damien McFerran of ''Nintendo Life'' and Espineli of ''GameSpot'' found that the change was an improvement, but that they remained too vague; several other critics concurred that the responses were ambiguous. ''OPM''s Tyrer named the addition of the Photo Mode a highlight of the re-release, while ''Multiplayer.it''s Tommaso Pugliese found it misplaced.


''The VR Case Files''

''L.A. Noire: The VR Case Files'' received "generally favorable reviews", according to Metacritic. Dan Stapleton of ''IGN'' concluded that it felt "less like a port and more like something that was always meant to be played this way", while Jimmy Thang of ''GameSpot'' said that it "raises the bar for what a good VR port should look like". ''The Daily Telegraph, The Telegraph''s Tom Hoggins called it an "interesting, reactive, and largely accomplished virtual reality adaption" of the game, and ''Gamer.nl''s Wilbert Meetsma compared it to a greatest hits album. Several critics praised the control scheme in virtual reality. ''GameSpot''s Thang found that it made the player reconsider the evidence they discover, and ''The Telegraph''s Hoggins felt that the exploration "makes a great deal more sense". Meetsma of ''Gamer.nl'' considered the walking mechanic an effective illusion; Alfonso Arribas of ''Vandal'' appreciated the control scheme's realism. Conversely, some critics found the movement controls were unreliable or imprecise; Lukas Schmid and Rebecca Döllner of ''PC Games'' criticised the HTC Vive controllers and the game's unpredictable object physics. ''GameSpot''s Thang found that the driving controls "works as well as you'd hope", particularly applauding the chase sequences. Meetsma of ''Gamer.nl'' similarly felt that the driving controls were well-designed, and Alfonso Arribas of ''Vandal'' wrote that they were precise and the sensitivity appropriate. In contract, ''IGN''s Stapleton found them to be "imprecise but goofy fun to pantomime"; Daniel Feith of ''GameStar'' said that it was realistic, but ultimately felt like a gimmick that he eventually skipped. ''The Telegraph''s Hoggins considered the driving to be the least successful feature of ''The VR Case Files'', though praised its detail, and ''PC Games''s Schmid and Döllner criticised it as uncomfortable. Meetsma of ''Gamer.nl'' described the fistfights as one of the better elements of the game, despite taking up a small portion. ''GameStar''s Feith similarly found them enjoyable due to the simulated areas. ''GameSpot''s Thang favourably compared the fistfights to a boxing minigame, deeming it appropriate and satisfying. Hoggins of ''The Telegraph'' found them "pleasingly physical" but "a little clumsy", noting a preference for the gunfights. ''Vandal''s Arribas considered the shooting mechanics to be credible and precise, while ''IGN''s Stapleton called it "pretty simple Shooting gallery game, shooting gallery stuff", but respected the smaller details and gameplay features; ''GameSpot''s Feith felt that the aiming was "imprecise". ''IGN''s Stapleton praised the visuals of ''The VR Case Files'', noting that the new perspective grants more appreciation of the development and design, and that the facial animations are enhanced by the closer angle. ''GameSpot''s Thang wrote that "the graphics and artstyle work wonderfully in VR". Meetsma of ''Gamer.nl'' felt that the facial animations remained effective, but that the overall design was less impressive, especially with the game's demanding system requirements; Feith of ''GameStar'' found that the faces had weakened in virtual reality. ''Vandal''s Arribas opined that the graphics had worsened with age, emphasised by the perspective of virtual reality; ''PC Games''s Schmid and Döllner similarly felt that the game looked worse than the recent re-release, citing poor textures and performance issues.


Accolades

''L.A. Noire'' received nominations and awards from
gaming publications Video game journalism is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of video games, typically based on a core "reveal–preview–review" cycle. With the prevalence and rise of independent media online, online publicati ...
. It was nominated for Best Graphics at the Spike Video Game Awards, losing to ''Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception''. The game received nine nominations at the 15th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, and three at the 12th Game Developers Choice Awards. It was nominated for four awards at the 10th Annual Game Audio Network Guild Awards, of which it won Music of the Year. Along with ''Batman: Arkham City'', it received the most nominations at the 8th British Academy Games Awards with eight, including British Academy Games Award for Best Game, Best Game and British Academy Games Award for Performer, Performer for Staton; it ultimately won for Original Music. The game was nominated for four awards by ''GameSpot'', and won Best Atmosphere. ''L.A. Noire'' appeared on some lists of the best games of 2011, including ''Ars Technica'', ''CNET'', CNN, ''GameSpot'', ''The Guardian'', ''Kotaku Australia'', and NPR. The game's 2017 re-release was nominated for Best Remake/Remaster from ''IGN'', and for the Freedom Tower Award for Best Remake at the 7th Annual New York Game Awards. ''The VR Case Files'' was nominated for Best VR Audio at the 16th Annual Game Audio Network Guild Awards.


Sales

On the day of the North American release, Take-Two Interactive's shares closed up 7.75%—a three-year high for the company—which was attributed to the game's positive reception. The game shipped four million units across both platforms in its first month. In the United States, ''L.A. Noire'' was the best-selling game in May 2011, selling 899,000 copies across both platforms, which Wedbush Securities considered lower than its estimate of one million units. It was the best-selling game in June 2011, but had dropped out of the top ten by July. McNamara felt pressure for the game to sell well—''The Getaway'' sold four million units—and he was ultimately satisfied with its commercial performance. The game had shipped almost five million copies by December 2011, and approximately 7.5 million copies by September 2017. The game topped the charts in the United Kingdom following its release, becoming the fastest-selling new intellectual property; 58% of copies sold on Xbox 360, and 42% on PlayStation 3. It remained atop the chart for three weeks, pushed to second place upon the release of ''Duke Nukem Forever'' in June 2011; it remained within the top ten of the weekly charts until mid-July. It was the eighth-best-selling game of 2011 in the United Kingdom. In Australia, video game retailers in major cities reported that the game was out of stock within a week. Within its first week on sale in Japan, ''L.A. Noire'' sold over 71,000 copies; the PlayStation 3 topped the charts with 58,436 copies, while the Xbox 360 version placed 11th with 12,621 copies.


Future

Following ''L.A. Noire''s release in May 2011, McNamara claimed that future games from Team Bondi would take less than five years to develop due to the existing technology, and that the team had started expanding MotionScan for full body performance. In August 2011, Team Bondi's assets were acquired by film production company Kennedy Miller Mitchell. Team Bondi was placed into Administration (law), administration on 30 August, and entered liquidation on 5 October. McNamara's next game, ''Whore of the Orient'', was announced in November 2011; it was in development by KMM Interactive Entertainment, a studio set up by Kennedy Miller Mitchell, and described as a "spiritual successor" to ''L.A. Noire''. By June 2016, the game had been cancelled. McNamara and some Team Bondi alumni worked on ''The VR Case Files'' at Videogames Deluxe; in July 2020, the studio claimed to be developing a "AAA open-world title in VR for Rockstar", revealed in 2021 to be a virtual reality version of ''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas''. In May 2011, Take-Two CEO Strauss Zelnick called ''L.A. Noire'' "another strong franchise for this company"; in November, he said that the game was Take-Two's "most successful new release" in the past fiscal year and reiterated its importance to the company. Rockstar said in February 2012 that it was "considering what the future may hold for ''L.A. Noire'' as a series", but said not to "count out" a possible sequel. The following year, in March 2013, Take-Two Chief operating officer, COO Karl Slatoff reiterated that ''L.A. Noire'' was an important franchise to the company. In May 2021, Aaron Staton said that he "never heard word about a sequel", but "would be curious what they would tell" due to Phelps's death.


Notes


References


Bibliography

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External links

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