Kurdish cuisine ( ku, or ''Xwarina Kurdî'') consists of a wide variety of foods prepared by the

Kurdish people ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Ira ...

. There are cultural similarities of Kurds and their immediate neighbours in

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

, and

Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...

. Kurdish food is typical of western Asian cuisine.

Culinary customs

The Kurdish diet includes a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Lamb and

chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the Ceylon junglefowl that are originally from Southeastern Asia. Rooster or cock is a term for an adu ...

are the primary meats. Breakfast is typically

flat bread A flatbread is a bread made with flour; water, milk, yogurt, or other liquid; and salt, and then thoroughly rolled into flattened dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened, although some are leavened, such as pizza and pita bread. Flatbreads ...

cheese Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During productio ...

honey Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...

, sheep or cow

yogurt Yogurt (; , from tr, yoğurt, also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as ''yogurt cultures''. Fermentation of sugars in the milk by these bac ...

, and a glass of

black tea Black tea, also translated to red tea in various East Asian languages, is a type of tea that is more oxidized than oolong, yellow, white and green teas. Black tea is generally stronger in flavour than other teas. All five types are made from ...

. For lunch,

lamb Lamb or The Lamb may refer to: * A young sheep * Lamb and mutton, the meat of sheep Arts and media Film, television, and theatre * ''The Lamb'' (1915 film), a silent film starring Douglas Fairbanks Sr. in his screen debut * ''The Lamb'' (1918 ...

and vegetables are simmered in a

tomato sauce Tomato sauce (also known as ''salsa roja'' in Spanish or ''salsa di pomodoro'' in Italian) can refer to many different sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish, rather than as a condiment. Tomato sauces are ...

to make a stew usually served with

rice Rice is the seed of the grass species '' Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera '' Zizania'' and '' Porteresia'', both wild and domesticat ...

and savory dishes are usually served with rice or flat bread (

Naan Naan ( fa, نان, nān, ur, , ps, نان, ug, نان, hi, नान, bn, নান) is a leavened, oven-baked or tawa-fried flatbread which is found in the cuisines mainly of Western Asia, Central Asia, Indian subcontinent, Indonesia, ...

). Kurdistan has a climate and soil suited to

grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus '' Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years a ...

pomegranates The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall. The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean region. It was introduc ...

, figs, and

walnuts A walnut is the edible seed of a drupe of any tree of the genus ''Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, ''Juglans regia''. Although culinarily considered a "nut" and used as such, it is not a true bot ...

. Kurdish honey has a clear light taste and is often sold with the

honeycomb A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal prismatic wax cells built by honey bees in their nests to contain their larvae and stores of honey and pollen. Beekeepers may remove the entire honeycomb to harvest honey. Honey bees consume about of honey ...

. Kurdistan also produces dairy products from

sheep Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticate ...

and

cow milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. Immune factors and immune-modulating ...

. Kurds make many types of

kofta Kofta is a family of meatball or meatloaf dishes found in Balkan, Middle Eastern, South Caucasian, South Asian and Central Asian cuisines. In the simplest form, koftas consist of balls of minced meatusually beef, chicken, pork, lamb or mutto ...

and

kubba Kibbeh (, also kubba and other spellings; ar, كبة, kibba; tr, içli köfte) is a family of dishes based on spiced ground meat, onions, and grain, popular in Middle Eastern cuisine. In Levantine cuisine, kibbeh is usually made by pounding ...

dumpling Dumpling is a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources), oftentimes wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, flour, buckwheat or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, ...

s filled with meat. Kurdish cuisine makes abundant use of fresh herbs. Traditional Kurdish bread, a crusty white loaf that is baked on a round hot iron

Traditional Kurdish bread, a crusty white loaf that is baked on a round hot iron

Sweetened black tea is a very common drink, along with bitter strong coffee. Another favourite Kurdish drink is "mastow" (

Sorani Central Kurdish (), also called Sorani (), is a Kurdish dialect or a language that is spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan in western Iran. Sorani is one of the two o ...

) or "Ava Mast", which is yogurt and salt mixed with water. The fermented version of this is called Do ( Doogh). Both beverages are often served with the addition of dill, mint, pennyroyal or seeds from the Pistacia kurdica tree. Staples of Kurdish cuisine are berbesel,

biryani Biryani () is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat ( chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish) or in some cases without any meat, ...

, dokliw, kellane, kullerenaske, kutilk, parêv tobouli, kuki (

meat Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged animals for meat since prehistoric times. The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chic ...

or vegetable pies), birinç (

white rice White rice is milled rice that has had its husk, bran, and germ removed. This alters the flavor, texture and appearance of the rice and helps prevent spoilage, extend its storage life, and makes it easier to digest. After milling ( hulling), t ...

alone or with meat or vegetables and herbs), and a variety of salads, pastries, and drinks specific to different parts of Kurdistan. Other popular dishes are makluba,

shifta Shifta is a term used in East Africa meaning ''rebel'', ''outlaw'', or ''bandit''. The Swahili word was loaned from the Somali shufta during the Shifta War, which is in turn derived from Amharic ሽፍታ (šəfta). Historically, the shifta served ...

, shilah/maraga, spinach with eggs, wheat & lentil soup, beet & meat soup, sweet turnip, cardamon cookies, burgul pilaf, mehîr, hûr û rûvî, pel ( yaprakh), chichma this dish is common in

Erbil Erbil, also called Hawler (, ar, أربيل, Arbīl; syr, ܐܲܪܒܹܝܠ, Arbel), is the capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It lies in the Erbil Governorate. It has an estimated population of around 1,600,000. H ...

(Hewlêr), tefti, niskene and nane niskan. '' Sawarr'', a traditional dish among Kurdish farmers, is made of wheat grain that is boiled, sun dried and pounded in a mortar ('' curn'') to get rid of the husk. The wheat is then crushed in a mill ('' destarr''). The resulting grain food can be boiled and served. ''

Tapsi Tapsi (Stylized TAPSI , Former Tap30) is an Iranian ridesharing company, cross platform application for carpooling. It works in 15 of Iranian cities. The mobile app is released for iOS and Android, HarmonyOS. Application features * Ride co ...

'' is a dish of

aubergines Eggplant ( US, Canada), aubergine ( UK, Ireland) or brinjal (Indian subcontinent, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. ''Solanum melongena'' is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Mo ...

, green peppers,

courgette The zucchini (; plural: zucchini or zucchinis), courgette (; plural: courgettes) or baby marrow (''Cucurbita pepo'') is a summer squash, a vining herbaceous plant whose fruit are harvested when their immature seeds and epicarp (rind) are sti ...

s and potatoes in a slightly spicy tomato sauce. '' Tashreeb'' consists of layers of naan in a sauce of green pepper, tomato, onions and chillies. A typical Kurdish breakfast consists of cheese, butter, olives, eggs, tomatoes, cucumbers, green peppers, reçel (jam/marmalade; a preserve of whole fruits) and honey usually consumed on top of

kaymak Kaymak, sarshir, or qashta/ashta ( fa, سَرشیر ) ( ar, قشطة or ar, قيمر ) is a creamy dairy food similar to clotted cream, made from the milk of water buffalo, cows, sheep, or goats in Central Asia, some Balkan countries, som ...

. Sausage, baked goods and even soups can be taken as a morning meal in Kurdistan. Perhaps more so than traditional breads such as pide, a crusty white loaf is widely consumed. A common Kurdish speciality for breakfast is called

menemen Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey and its central town. The district extends on a fertile plain formed by the alluvial soil carried by the Gediz River. Adjacent districts are, from east to west; Aliağa and Foça to the north and ...

, which is prepared with roasted tomatoes, peppers, olive oil and eggs. Invariably, black tea is served at breakfast.

Dishes and foods

Dairy products

Kurdistan Kurdistan ( ku, کوردستان ,Kurdistan ; lit. "land of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languag ...

yoghurt Yogurt (; , from tr, yoğurt, also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as ''yogurt cultures''. Fermentation of sugars in the milk by these bact ...

is called

mast Mast, MAST or MASt may refer to: Engineering * Mast (sailing), a vertical spar on a sailing ship * Flagmast, a pole for flying a flag * Guyed mast, a structure supported by guy-wires * Mooring mast, a structure for docking an airship * Radio mas ...

. ,and considered the most popular fermented dairy product which produced from cow milk or a mixture of sheep and goat milk using the traditional method. Dairy products also comprise a large portion of traditional Kurdish food. Keşk known as

Kashk Kashk ( fa, کشک ''Kašk'', ku, keşk), qurut ( Tuvan and ky, курут, kk, құрт, tk, gurt, uz, qurt, az, qurut, ps, قروت, hy, չորթան-''chortan'', Turkish: ''kurut'') or aaruul and khuruud ( Mongolian: ''ааруул' ...

is a fermented and strained sour yogurt that can be consumed on its own as a cheese, or used as an ingredient in soups.

Cheeses

The

Kurds ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian peoples, Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Ir ...

produce many varieties of

, mostly from

's milk. Kurdish cheese has been traditionally prepared from raw milk and it is ripened in goat's skin bags. * '' Pista'' * ''

Kars kasseri Kars (; ku, Qers; ) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. Its population is 73,836 in 2011. Kars was in the ancient region known as ''Chorzene'', (in Greek Χορζηνή) in classical historiography (Strabo), part of K ...

'' * '' Wan herbed cheese'' ( Wan herbed cheese) * '' Torak'' * '' Salamura'' * Penîrê Kopê *Penîrê salk *Daleme

Soups and ''ash''

* '' Şorbeşîr'' * '' Şorbe'' * '' Şorba ser û pê'' * '' Mahluta'' * ''Şorbe nisk'' (

lentil soup Lentil soup is a soup with lentils as its main ingredient; it may be vegetarian or include meat, and may use brown, red, yellow, green or black lentils, with or without the husk. Dehulled yellow and red lentils disintegrate in cooking, making a ...

) * '' Gêrmiya Êrişte'' (thyme dumpling soup) * '' Germîya sîr'' (winter rice soup) *Terkhina *Halimaw *Milky rice *Qaziane *Dokliw *Yogurt ash *Sanga sir

Bread

* '' Nanê Loş'' (

Lavash Lavash ( hy, լավաշ) is a thin flatbread usually leavened, traditionally baked in a tandoor (''tonir'') or on a ''sajj'', and common to the cuisines of South Caucasus, Western Asia, and the areas surrounding the Caspian Sea. Lavash is on ...

) * '' Nanê tarîganê'' (

Rye Bread Rye bread is a type of bread made with various proportions of flour from rye grain. It can be light or dark in color, depending on the type of flour used and the addition of coloring agents, and is typically denser than bread made from wheat ...

) * '' Nanê tîr'' ( Yufka) * '' Nanê Tenûr'' * '' Nanê Hewramî'' * '' Nanê Kulêrê'' * '' Kilorîk'' (

Simit Simit is a circular bread, typically encrusted with sesame seeds or, less commonly, poppy, flax or sunflower seeds, found across the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire, and the Middle East. Simit's size, crunch, chewiness, and other character ...

) * '' Lahmacun'' * '' Purgaç'' (Shepherd's Bread) * Kalane bread *Bersaq *

Pilav and pasta

In Kurdistan, bread can be found in various forms. Their ingredients differ as well as their shapes, densities, and textures. * ''

Biryani Biryani () is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat ( chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish) or in some cases without any meat, ...

'' * '' Brinji sor'' * '' Girar, Sawer'' * '' Keşke''

Pastries

* '' Borakê Panêr'' (Cheese Borek) * '' Lawzena'' * ''

Kurdish Borek Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

'' ( Kürt Böreği) * ''

Kahi silq KAHI (950 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Auburn, California, United States, the station serves the Auburn area. The station is owned by Relevant Radio; the KAHI Corporation programs the station under a time ...

'' * '' Pelûl, Paloola'' * '' Tirşyat]''

Vegetarian dishes

* '' Fasolya'' * '' Kartolên Pîvazan'' (Kurdish Potato-Onion Sauté)

Vegetable dishes

* '' Shlai kolaka'' * '' Tirş û pîvaz'' (Tirshoopiaz) * '' Lobiyên Çêkirî'' (Kurdish Stewed Beans) * '' Bamî'' (Kurdish okra stew)

Kebabs

* ''

Urfa Kebap Urfa, officially known as Şanlıurfa () and in ancient times as Edessa, is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province. Urfa is situated on a plain about 80 km east of the Euphrates River. Its climate features ext ...

'' * '' Ciger şîş'' * '' Cergwez'' * '' Biraşka şîşê''

Egg dishes

* '' Hêk ê bacanê sor'' (Eggs in tomato)

Meze and salads

* '' Cacik'' (Jajeek, Tzatziki) * '' Seleta Palpena'' (Purslane Salad) * '' Seleta denka beqla'' * '' Şilkena'' * '' Seleta Şivana'' (Classic Kurdish Salad) * '' Tirş û pivaz'' (Tirshoopiaz)

Stuffed vegetables

Stuffed vegetables are widely known as Pelpêç (Sarma) or Pel (Dolma) in Kurdish regions. It is slowly simmered and they fill the house with an irresistible scent of fresh herbs, aromatics, and tangy lemons. * '' Pel'' (Dolma) * '' Pelpêç '' (Yaprak or Sarma)

Meat dishes

As nomads and herders, lamb and chicken have been the main dishes of in Kurdish cuisine for centuries. * '' Doghava'' * '' Ecîn, Çîgê goşt or Kutilka Rihayê'' (

Çiğ köfte Çiğ köfte () or chee kofta is a kofta dish that is a regional specialty of southeastern Anatolia in Edessa (modern-day Urfa). The dish is served as an appetizer or meze, and it is closely related with ''kibbeh nayyeh'' from Lebanese cuisine. ...

) * '' Kutilk'' * '' Rihik'' (Kurdish beef) * '' Givîşk'' (Kurdish rice and beef sausage) * '' Biryani ya mirîşka'' (Kurdish chicken biryani) * '' Kepari'' * '' Teşrîba Mirşkê'' (Chicken with sumac) * '' Helîma Ardan'' (Kurdish Roux)

Fish

* '' Mazgouf''

Desserts

* '' Bastiq'' * '' Eşûran'' (

Ashura Ashura (, , ) is a day of commemoration in Islam. It occurs annually on the 10th of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. Among Shia Muslims, Ashura is observed through large demonstrations of high-scale mourning as it marks ...

) * '' Fetîr'' * '' Helaw'' * '' Hesîde'' * '' Loqme or Bamik'' * '' Luqmeqazi'' * '' Paklawa'' * '' Pirtik'' * '' Qetmer'' * ''

Rewani Rewani (c. 1475 – 1524), ''Ilyas Shudja Celebi'', was an Ottoman poet. Born in Edirne the son of 'Abd Allah, he was employed by Bayezid II as administrator of the ''surre''; money for the poor in the holy cities of Mecca and Medina."Rewani", W. Bj ...

'' * '' Şilikî'' * '' Şîrîna kûçe'' * '' Xoşav'' * ''

Zerde Zerde is a traditional Persian, Iraqi, Turkish, dessert. The original rice pudding, infused with a generous amount of saffron giving it a vibrant yellow hue and a delicate floral flavour. This is a festive dish popular at weddings, births, and d ...

Non-alcoholic beverages

* '' Dew'' * '' Mastaw'' * ''

Kurdish coffee Kurdish coffee () or menengiç coffee ( tr, menengiç kahvesi), meaning pistachio coffee or terebinth coffee, is a traditional hot beverage in Kurdish and Turkish cuisine. It is made of ground roasted terebinth fruits (related to the pistachio) ...

'' (Qehweya Kezwanê or Kafêya Kurdî) * '' Ava Sûsê'' * '' Chai'' (

Çay Çay is a town and district of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on th ...

) * '' Gulav'' (

Rose Water Rose water ( fa, گلاب) is a flavoured water made by steeping rose petals in water. It is the hydrosol portion of the distillate of rose petals, a by-product of the production of rose oil for use in perfume. Rose water is also used to fla ...

) * '' Lebzîne'' * '' Ava Kişmîş'' ( Raisin drink)

Holiday celebrations

During the festival of

Newroz Newroz or Nawroz ( ku, نەورۆز, Newroz) is the Kurdish celebration of Nowruz; the arrival of spring and new year in Kurdish culture. The lighting of the fires at the beginning of the evening of March 21 is the main symbol of Newroz among t ...

, Kurds enjoy picnics in the countryside, eating traditional food, often with

dolma Dolma (Turkish for “stuffed”) is a family of stuffed dishes associated with Ottoman cuisine, and common in modern national cuisines of regions and countries that once were part of the Ottoman Empire. Some types of dolma are made with who ...

, and dancing the traditional Kurdish dance called Halperke. Kurdish people also enjoy Eid food such as chicken, rice, dolma and biryani.

Related cuisines

Armenian cuisine Armenian cuisine includes the foods and cooking techniques of the Armenian people and traditional Armenian foods and dishes. The cuisine reflects the history and geography where Armenians have lived as well as sharing outside influences from ...

Assyrian cuisine Assyrian cuisine is the cuisine of the indigenous ethnic Assyrian people, Eastern Aramaic-speaking Syriac Christians of Iraq, northeastern Syria, northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey. Assyrian cuisine is primarily identical to Iraqi/Mesop ...

Azerbaijani cuisine Azerbaijani cuisine ( az, Azərbaycan mətbəxi) refers to the cooking styles and dishes of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The cuisine developed significantly due to its diversity of agriculture, from abundant grasslands which historically allowed f ...

Balkan cuisine Balkan cuisine is a type of regional cuisine that combines characteristics of European cuisine with some of those from Western Asia. It is found in the Balkan Peninsula of Southeast Europe, a region without clear boundaries but which is generally ...

Caucasian cuisine The cuisine of the Caucasus refers to the cuisine of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and North Caucasus. Traditional dishes Plates Some popular cheeses from the Caucasus include: * Ashvlagwan ''(Ашвлагуан)'' — Abkhaz smoked cheese, si ...

Central Asian cuisine Central Asian cuisine has been influenced by Persian, Indian, Arab, Turkish, Chinese, Mongol, African, and Russian cultures, as well as the culinary traditions of other varied nomadic and sedentary civilizations. Contributing to the culinary d ...

Cypriot cuisine Cypriot cuisine is mainly influenced by Greek and Turkish cuisines, whilst also sharing similarities with the cuisines of Italy and France. Food preparation Frequently used ingredients are fresh vegetables such as zucchini, olives, okra, gre ...

Greek cuisine Greek cuisine ( Greek: Ελληνική Κουζίνα) is the cuisine of Greece and the Greek diaspora. In common with many other cuisines of the Mediterranean, it is founded on the triad of wheat, olive oil, and wine. It uses vegetables, ol ...

Iranian cuisine Iranian cuisine () refers to the culinary practices of Iran. Due to the historically common usage of the term "Persia" to refer to Iran in the Western world,Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 ( ...

Levantine cuisine Levantine cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Levant. Perhaps the most distinctive aspect of Levantine cuisine is ''meze'' including ''tabbouleh'', ''hummus'' and ''baba ghanoush''. Levantine dishes * Arabic coffee (قهوة عر ...

Mediterranean cuisine Mediterranean cuisine is the food and methods of preparation used by the people of the Mediterranean Basin. The idea of a Mediterranean cuisine originates with the cookery writer Elizabeth David's book, '' A Book of Mediterranean Food'' (1950 ...

* Mesopotamian cuisine *

Middle Eastern cuisine Middle Eastern cuisine or West Asian cuisine includes Arab, Armenian, Assyrian, Azerbaijani, Cypriot, Egyptian, Georgian, Iranian, Iraqi, Israeli, Kurdish, Lebanese, Palestinian and Turkish cuisines. Common ingredients include olives ...

Ottoman cuisine Ottoman cuisine is the cuisine of the Ottoman Empire and its continuation in the cuisines of Turkey, the Balkans, Caucasus, Middle East and Northern Africa. Today, Turkish cuisine is a continuation of Ottoman cuisine. Sources The Ottoman p ...

Turkish cuisine Turkish cuisine () is the cuisine of Turkey and the Turkish diaspora. It is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine, which can be described as a fusion and refinement of Mediterranean, Balkan, Middle Eastern, Central Asian and Eastern Eur ...

Turkmen cuisine Turkmen cuisine, the cuisine of Turkmenistan, is similar to that of the rest of Central Asia. ''Plov'' (pilaf) is the staple, everyday food, which is also served at celebrations. It consists of chunks of mutton, carrots and rice fried in a larg ...

References

Bibliography

* Barzinji, Ala, ''Traditional Kurdish Food: An insight into Kurdish culinary heritage'', 2015, . * Sinjari, Emel, ''The Kurdish Cookbook'', 2016, . * Zebari, Chiman, ''My Life, My Food, My Kurdistan'', 2015, . * Nikolovski, Goce, ''Taste of Kurdish Cuisine: Part 1'', 2016, .

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kurdish Cuisine Turkish cuisine Iraqi cuisine Syrian cuisine Iranian cuisine Middle Eastern cuisine Levantine cuisine Mediterranean cuisine