Koronowo (Polish pronunciation: ; , archaic ''Polnisch Krone'') is a town on the

Brda River The Brda (; german: Brahe) is a river in northern Poland, a tributary of the Vistula. It has a total length of 245 km and a catchment area (all within Poland) of 4,665 km2.Poland, located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, 25 km from

Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...

, with 11,029 inhabitants (2010). It is located in the historic region of Kuyavia. The town of Koronowo has an area of 2,818 ha and this makes it one of the largest towns in

Bydgoszcz County __NOTOC__ Bydgoszcz County ( pl, powiat bydgoski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local gove ...

. The Koronowo municipality has an area of 41,170 ha and 23,052 inhabitants.

History

In the Early Middle Ages, a Slavic stronghold was built in present-day Koronowo. It was included into the emerging Polish state in the 10th century and finally integrated with it in the 12th century. In 1288 the

Cistercians The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...

from nearby Byszewo founded an

abbey An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess. Abbeys provide a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christian monks and nuns. The conc ...

in Koronowo. The settlement prospered due to its location at the intersection of

trade route A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo. The term can also be used to refer to trade over bodies of water. Allowing goods to reach distant markets, a sin ...

s from Kuyavia and

Greater Poland Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; german: Großpolen, sv, Storpolen, la, Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed by Kalisz, the oldest city ...

to Gdańsk, and from the

Chełmno Land Chełmno land ( pl, ziemia chełmińska, or Kulmerland, Old Prussian: ''Kulma'', lt, Kulmo žemė) is a part of the historical region of Pomerelia, located in central-northern Poland. Chełmno land is named after the city of Chełmno (histo ...

Western Pomerania Historical Western Pomerania, also called Cispomerania, Fore Pomerania, Front Pomerania or Hither Pomerania (german: Vorpommern), is the western extremity of the historic region of Pomerania forming the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, West ...

. In 1359 King

Casimir III the Great Casimir III the Great ( pl, Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He ...

vested it with

town privileges Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditio ...

, which however were not implemented until 1370. The name Koronowo comes from the word ''korona'' ("crown"). Administratively it was located within the

Inowrocław Voivodeship Inowrocław Voivodeship ( pl, województwo inowrocławskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from the 14th century to the First Partition of Poland in 1772. Together with the neighbouring Brześć Kujawski Voiv ...

in the

Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown Greater Poland Province ( pl, Prowincja Wielkopolska) was an administrative division of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1795. The name of the province comes from the historic land of Greater Poland. The Greater Poland Province c ...

. A significant battle took place nearby in 1410 during the

Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War The Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War, also known as the Great War, occurred between 1409 and 1411 between the Teutonic Knights and the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Inspired by the local Samogitian uprising, the war be ...

, in which Poland defeated the Teutonic Knights. King

Casimir IV of Poland Casimir is classically an English, French and Latin form of the Polish name Kazimierz. Feminine forms are Casimira and Kazimiera. It means "proclaimer (from ''kazać'' to preach) of peace (''mir'')." List of variations *Belarusian: Казі� ...

by virtue of privileges of 1476 and 1484, established two annual fairs and a weekly market. Among the main activities of the population were

craft A craft or trade is a pastime or an occupation that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work. In a historical sense, particularly the Middle Ages and earlier, the term is usually applied to people occupied in small scale prod ...

s, pottery,

brewing Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, ...

and agriculture. In the 17th and early 18th century Koronowo suffered due to Swedish invasions, the Great Northern War and epidemics. King

Augustus III of Poland Augustus III ( pl, August III Sas, lt, Augustas III; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Augu ...

established two more annual fairs to help revive the town. As part of the First Partition of Poland, Koronowo became part of

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...

in 1772. The town of Koronowo was the administrative seat of the Koronowo district in the newly formed province of West Prussia. To distinguish it from the city of Deutsch Krone (Wałcz), it was called ''Polnisch Krone''. From 1807 to 1815, during the Napoleonic era it was part of the Polish

Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, durin ...

and in 1815, after the duchy's dissolution, it fell back to Prussia. Polish inmates in Koronowo prison

In 1871, the town became part of Germany. Until the end of World War I, it was part of the Bromberg district in the

Province of Posen The Province of Posen (german: Provinz Posen, pl, Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920. Posen was established in 1848 following the Greater Poland Uprising as a successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen, w ...

. The narrow-gauge railway from Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) was opened in 1895, followed by the standard-gauge railway from Tuchola (Tuchel) in 1909–1914. Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty, the town along with the entire Bromberg district had to be ceded by Germany to the Second Polish Republic in 1920. 13 Polish soldiers were killed on September 2, 1939, during the German

invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...

, which started World War II. In mid-September 1939, the German '' Einsatzgruppe IV'' entered the town to commit atrocities against the population. During the

German occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 ...

, the Polish population was subject to mass arrests, expulsions and massacres. The Germans established a prison for Poles, in which 606 people died. Many Polish inhabitants of Koronowo and nearby villages were murdered by the Germans in nearby Buszkowo on 5–6 October 1939 and in the forest near Koronowo on 26 October 1939.Wardzyńska, p. 161 Among the victims were local merchants, craftsmen and pre-war mayor Maksymilian Talaśka. The Germans burned the bodies of the victims in attempt to cover up the crime. Koronowo was captured by the Soviets in January 1945 and restored to Poland. 620 Jews lived in Koronowo in 1871, and 40 in 1933.

Sport

* Victoria Koronowo - football club

Gallery

Koronowo - panoramio (45).jpg,

Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including th ...

Church of the Assumption of Mary Koronowo urzmiasta 1 7-2016.jpg, Town Hall (''Ratusz'') Koronowo - panoramio (35).jpg,

Battle of Koronowo The Battle of Koronowo was a battle of the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. It took place on 10 October 1410, near the village of Łąsko Wielkie and ended in victory for the Polish– Lithuanian alliance. This is the account of the battle o ...

monument Brda Koronowo 1 7-2016.jpg,

Brda river The Brda (; german: Brahe) is a river in northern Poland, a tributary of the Vistula. It has a total length of 245 km and a catchment area (all within Poland) of 4,665 km2.Municipal website

Koronowo portal

Koronowo - camera on-line

Satellite photo from Google Maps
*
Koronowo Zamek (Prison 1941-1945))

{{Authority control Cities and towns in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Bydgoszcz County