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A Kofler bench, or Kofler heating bar; Kofler hot bar; Kofler hot bench, in German, ''Kofler-Heizbank'', is a metal strip with a temperature gradient (range room temperature to 300°C). Any substance can be placed on a section of the strip revealing its thermal behaviour at the temperature at that point. The gradient is engineered to be approximately linear.
This melting-point apparatus for use with a microscope was developed by the Austrian pharmacognosist Ludwig Kofler (30 November 1891
Department of Pharmacognosy at the University of Innsbruck
Measuring instruments Microscopy
A Kofler bench, or Kofler heating bar; Kofler hot bar; Kofler hot bench, in German, ''Kofler-Heizbank'', is a metal strip with a temperature gradient (range room temperature to 300°C). Any substance can be placed on a section of the strip revealing its thermal behaviour at the temperature at that point. The gradient is engineered to be approximately linear.
This melting-point apparatus for use with a microscope was developed by the Austrian pharmacognosist Ludwig Kofler (30 November 1891 Dornbirn
Dornbirn () is a city in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is the administrative centre for the district of Dornbirn, which also includes the town of Hohenems, and the market town Lustenau.
Dornbirn is the largest city in Vorarlb ...
- 23 August 1951 Innsbruck) and his wife mineralogist
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the proce ...
Adelheid Kofler. In 1936, the Koflers and Mayrhofer published their ''"Mikroskopische Methoden in der Mikrochemie"'' ofler, L., A. Kofler and Mayrhofer, A. (1936) Kofler and Kofler published their ''"Thermomikromethoden"'' ofler L., and A. Kofler (1954)in 1954. The integration of microscope and Kofler bench is known as the Kofler hot stage microscope.
Kofler, his wife Adelheid, and their colleague, Maria Kuhnert-Brandstätter, investigated numerous organic molecules, and published some 250 papers describing their work.
Thermomicroscopy, incepted by Ludwig and Adelheid Kofler and developed further by Maria Kuhnert-Brandstätter (1919–2011) and Walter C. McCrone used the technique for studying the phases of solid drug substances.
See also
*Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depen ...
References
Further reading
*{{cite journal , last1 = Vitez , first1 = I , title = The evolution of hot-stage microscopy to aid solid-state characterizations of pharmaceutical solids , journal = Thermochimica Acta , volume = 324 , issue = 1–2 , pages = 187–196 , year = 1998 , doi = 10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00535-8External links
Department of Pharmacognosy at the University of Innsbruck
Measuring instruments Microscopy