Kiryat Anavim ( he, קִרְיַת עֲנָבִים, ''lit.'' City of Grapes) is a

kibbutz A kibbutz ( he, קִבּוּץ / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural: kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming ...

in the

Judean Hills The Judaean Mountains, or Judaean Hills ( he, הרי יהודה, translit=Harei Yehuda) or the Hebron Mountains ( ar, تلال الخليل, translit=Tilal al-Khalīl, links=, lit=Hebron Mountains), is a mountain range in Palestine and Israel wh ...

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

. It was the first kibbutz established in the Judean Hills. It is located west of

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

, and falls under the jurisdiction of the

Mateh Yehuda Regional Council Mateh Yehuda Regional Council ( he, מועצה אזורית מטה יהודה, ''Mo'atza Azorit Mateh Yehuda'', ar, مجلس إقليمي ماتيه يهودا ) is a regional council in the Jerusalem District of Israel. In 2008 it was home to ...

. In it had a population of .

History

The land on which the kibbutz stands was purchased from the neighboring village of Abu Ghosh, and the name ''Kiryat Anavim'' is a hebraization of ''Qaryat al-'Inab'' ( ar, قرية العنب), the older name of Abu Ghosh, which in turn is identified with the biblical town of Kiriath-Jearim. In 1912 the Abu Ghosh family sold thousands of dunams to

Arthur Ruppin Arthur Ruppin (1 March 1876 – 1 January 1943) was a German Zionist proponent of pseudoscientific race theory and one of the founders of the city of Tel Aviv.Todd Samuel Presner, ’German Jewish Studies in the Digital Age:Remarks on Disciplin ...

, who represented the

Zionist Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after '' Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in J ...

movement. In 1919 a group of 6 pioneers from the Ukrainian town of

Kamieniec Podolski Kamianets-Podilskyi ( uk, Ка́м'яне́ць-Поді́льський, russian: Каменец-Подольский, Kamenets-Podolskiy, pl, Kamieniec Podolski, ro, Camenița, yi, קאַמענעץ־פּאָדאָלסק / קאַמעניץ, ...

and Preluki settled on the land, near a small spring called "Dilb" so-called for the surrounding plane trees ( ar, dilb; he, ). The other 20 arrived there in spring of 1920 while five of the group came in December 1920 after liquidation of the farm in Odessa where they learned to become farmers. In the

1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divis ...

conducted by the British Mandate authorities, ''Qiriath Anavim'' had a population of 73, all Jews. Increasing in the 1931

census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses inc ...

to 109, in 29 houses.Mills, 1932, p
42
/ref> By the end of 1920, there were 200 pioneers on the kibbutz. During

Hanukkah or English translation: 'Establishing' or 'Dedication' (of the Temple in Jerusalem) , nickname = , observedby = Jews , begins = 25 Kislev , ends = 2 Tevet or 3 Tevet , celebrations = Lighting candles each night ...

1925, a group of Hebrew writers convened at Kiryat Anavim to discuss creative ways of promoting the land reclamation and settlement work of the

Jewish National Fund Jewish National Fund ( he, קֶרֶן קַיֶּימֶת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael'', previously , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') was founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Ottoman Syria (later Mandatory Palestine, and subsequ ...

. The conference expressed the hope that Jewish authors and intellectuals in the

Diaspora A diaspora ( ) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin. Historically, the word was used first in reference to the dispersion of Greeks in the Hellenic world, and later Jews afte ...

would help to further this cause. The Gordonia group arrived from Galicia,

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

in 1936. On 9 November 1937, five members of the Gordonia group working on a Jewish National Fund afforestation project near Kiryat Anavim were ambushed and murdered by Arabs. Kibbutz Ma'ale HaHamisha (lit. ''Hill of the Five''), established a year later, was named for them. During the "

Hunting Season A hunting season is the designated time in which certain game animals can be killed in certain designated areas. In the United States, each state determines and sets its own specific dates to hunt the certain game animal, such as California, in ...

", Kiryat Anavim served as a base for the

Haganah Haganah ( he, הַהֲגָנָה, lit. ''The Defence'') was the main Zionist paramilitary organization of the Jewish population ("Yishuv") in Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and its disestablishment in 1948, when it became the core of the Is ...

. In the

1948 Arab-Israeli War Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...

, the 4th Battalion of the

Palmach The Palmach (Hebrew: , acronym for , ''Plugot Maḥatz'', "Strike Companies") was the elite fighting force of the Haganah, the underground army of the Yishuv (Jewish community) during the period of the British Mandate for Palestine. The Palmach ...

(

Harel Brigade Harel Brigade (, ''Hativat Harel'') is a reserve brigade of the Israel Defense Forces, today part of the Southern Command. It played a critical role in the 1948 Palestine war, also known as "Israel's War of Independence." It is one of the former ...

), with

Uzi Narkiss Uzi Narkiss ( he, עוזי נרקיס; January 6, 1925 – December 17, 1997) was an Israeli general. Narkiss was commander of the Israel Defense Forces units in the Central Region during the 1967 Six-Day War. Narkiss appears in the famous photogr ...

, mounted their fight for Sha'ar HaGai, the road to

, and the city itself, from Kiryat Anavim. Kiryat Anavim and the adjacent Ma'ale HaHamisha were the site of a battle for Mount Hagana between the Palmach (including troops that retreated from the Radar Hill) and the Transjordanian

Arab Legion The Arab Legion () was the police force, then regular army of the Emirate of Transjordan, a British protectorate, in the early part of the 20th century, and then of independent Jordan, with a final Arabization of its command taking place in 1 ...

.Yitzhaki, Aryeh (1988), ''A Guide to War Monuments and Sites in Israel'', p. 59 File:קריית ענבים - גן הילדים בעבודת האדמה, המורה והגננות-JNF003981.jpeg, Kiryat Anavim 1928 File:קרית ענבים - הכוורות.-JNF043489.jpeg, Kiryat Anavim 1933 File:קרית ענבים - אבן עברית לירושלים - מחצבות על אדמת הקק"ל בסביבת קרית ענבים.-JNF044798.jpeg, Kiryat Anavin quarry 1936 File:קרית ענבים - היער והישוב-JNF002045.jpeg, Kiryat Anavim 1945 File:קרית ענבים - מראה כללי (צלום אויר)-JNF030656.jpeg, Kiryat Anavim 1947 File:Kiryat Anavim ii.jpg, Kiryat Anavim, 1947 File:Kiryat Anavim March 1948.jpg, Palmach training at Kiryat Anavim, March 1948 File:Kiryat Anavim 1948.jpg, Members of Harel 6th Battalion camped at Kiryat Anavim On 6 September 1996, a fire in the Jerusalem corridor caused extensive damage in Kiryat Anavim and surroundings. Fifteen homes and 10 other buildings were damaged in the blaze.

Economy

In the early days, the pioneers operated a dairy and a poultry farm. In 1968, the kibbutz produced cherries, peaches, grapes, and plums; and operated a guest house, cotton fields and orange groves. Anavid Insulation Products, founded in 1981, is wholly owned by Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim. The plant produces thermal insulation and sealing materials. In June 2013, the kibbutz opened the Cramim hotel which offers a spa treatment based on

vinotherapy Vinotherapy, also written "Vinotherapie", describes a beauty therapy process where the residue of wine making (the pips and pulp) are rubbed into the skin. The pulp is claimed to have exfoliating qualities and to help reduce the signs of ageing. ...

Landmarks

During the

1948 Arab–Israeli War The 1948 (or First) Arab–Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had ...

, many who fell in battle to secure the road to Jerusalem were buried at the kibbutz cemetery. A memorial monument was designed for the cemetery by Israeli artist Menahem Shemi, whose son Aharon-Jimmy, a Palmach Harel Brigade company commander, was killed in action at

Hartuv Hartuv ( he, הרטוב) or Har-Tuv (lit. "Mount of Goodness") was an agricultural colony in the Judean Hills established in 1883 on land purchased from the Arab village of Artuf by English missionaries. It was destroyed in the 1929 Palestine ri ...

and is buried in the cemetery. Soldiers of the

are among those interred here.Warriors' Final Resting Place: The Cemetery at Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim
Gems in Israel, April 2000

Gallery

Kiryat Anavim.jpg, Entrance to Kiryat Anavim KiryatAnavimNov082021.jpg, Kiryat Anavim AlonSchoolKiryatAnavimNov082021-1.jpg, Alon School - Kiryat Anavim

References

External links